IET Smart Cities最新文献

{"title":"Connecting flying backhauls of unmanned aerial vehicles to enhance vehicular networks with fixed 5G NR infrastructure","authors":"Dalia Popescu, Philippe Jacquet, Bernard Mans","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12034","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates moving networks of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to extend connectivity and guarantee data rates in the 5G by analysing possible hovering locations based on limitations such as flight time and coverage. The authors provide analytic bounds on the requirements in terms of connectivity extension for vehicular networks served by fixed Enhanced Mobile BroadBand infrastructure, where both vehicular networks and infrastructures are modelled using stochastic and fractal geometry as a model for urban environment. The authors prove that assuming <i>n</i> mobile nodes (distributed according to a hyperfractal distribution of dimension <i>d</i><sub><i>F</i></sub>) and an average of <i>ρ</i> Next Generation NodeB (gNBs), distributed like a hyperfractal of dimension <i>d</i><sub><i>r</i></sub> if <i>ρ</i> = <i>n</i><sup><i>θ</i></sup> with <i>θ</i> > <i>d</i><sub><i>r</i></sub>/4 and letting <i>n</i> tending to infinity (to reflect megalopolis cities), then the average fraction of mobile nodes not covered by a gNB tends to zero like <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mfrac>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>F</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mfrac>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 <mi>θ</mi>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mfrac>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mfrac>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $Oleft({n}^{-frac{left({d}_{F}-2right)}{{d}_{r}}left(2theta -frac{{d}_{r}}{2}right)}right)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Interestingl","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 4","pages":"239-254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47891038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication, sensing, computing and energy harvesting in smart cities","authors":"Yusha Liu,&nbsp;Kun Yang","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12041","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A smart city provides diverse services based on real-time data obtained from different devices deployed in urban areas. These devices are largely battery-powered and widely placed. Therefore, providing continuous energy to these devices and ensuring their efficient sensing and communications are critical for the wide deployment of smart cities. To achieve frequent and effective data exchange, advanced enabling information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure is in urgent demand. An ideal network in future smart cities should be capable of sensing the physical environment and intelligently mapping the digital world. Therefore, in this paper, we propose design guidelines on how to integrate communications with sensing, computing and/or energy harvesting in the context of smart cities, aiming to offer research insights on developing integrated communications, sensing, computing and energy harvesting (ICSCE) for promoting the development ICT infrastructure in smart cities. To put these four pillars of smart cities together and to take advantage of ever-increasing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, the authors propose a promising AI-enabled ICSCE architecture by leveraging the digital twin network. The proposed architecture models the physical deep neural network-aided ICSCE system in a virtual space, where offline training is performed by using the collected real-time data from the environment and physical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 4","pages":"265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45297068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart city technologies from the perspective of technology acceptance","authors":"Taşkın Dirsehan,&nbsp;Liesbet van Zoonen","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12040","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most studies in the literature aim to discuss and examine the technologies in smart cities. Much less is known about the dynamics of their acceptance by citizens. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of studies examining the acceptance of smart city technologies (SCTs), focussing particularly on Technology User Acceptance Models (TAM). Using a novel framework of SCTs based on the technology visibility and citizen interaction, we categorise them as individual-based explicit SCTs, collective-purpose explicit SCTs, digitising SCTs, and infrastructure SCTs. We assess that studies about citizen acceptation of SCTs have been mainly focussed on individual technologies. Also, the review shows that the field is nascent and fragmented, and that a wide variety of variables have been used to predict the adoption of individual-based explicit SCTs, with the classic ones of TAM (perceived use and perceived usefulness) unmistakably being relevant in the smart city context as well. As a result of the fragmentation of the field, our review was not yet able to identify generalisable knowledge about the acceptance of the smart city and its technologies by citizens. We end with some suggestions for future research approaches and designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 3","pages":"197-210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44507833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A trust-based mechanism for drones in smart cities","authors":"Geetanjali Rathee,&nbsp;Akshay Kumar,&nbsp;Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache,&nbsp;Razi Iqbal","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12039","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smart cities equipped with intelligent devices can enhance the lifestyle and quality of humans by automatically and collaboratively acting as a sustainable resource to the ecosystem. In addition, the technological advancement can be further empowered by interconnecting various types of technologies, such as IoT, Artificial Intelligence, drones and robotics which will clearly improve the Quality of Services, energy efficiency and connectivity to the overall system. The integration of drones hovering over smart cities with the other devices in the smart city network brings a lot of benefits. However, it can also lead to various security and privacy concerns in the network. The aim of this article is to put forward a secure and safe smart city communication environment by proposing a trust establishment scheme for the ad hoc Unmanned Aerial Vehicles network. In which, malicious devices can be traced and blocked by analysing and evaluating their historical interactions within the system and calculating their trust values. A behaviour-based and local trust value scheme is used to analyse the trust of each communicating device that is further associated with a blockchain distributed ledger. The proposed mechanism is measured over various networking and security metrics, including throughput, latency, accuracy and block updating compared to the existing state-of-the-art solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 4","pages":"255-264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48950919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid assessment framework for human-centred sustainable smart campus: A case study on COVID-19 impact","authors":"Christine Yip,&nbsp;Yuchen Zhang,&nbsp;Erwan Lu,&nbsp;Zhao Yang Dong","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12038","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The continuous development of modern information and communication technologies is driving the smart revolution in the global education system. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has recently posed unprecedented challenges to educational institutes. The education informatisation technologies are playing a vital role to ensure the continuity and enhance the performance of education during the pandemic, which accelerates the integration of cutting-edge technologies and thus the overall development of the smart campus. Alongside the technological advancement, the existing studies indicate that the success of smart campus development mainly depends on three key dimensions: technology capability, sustainability, and student health and well-being. However, the state-of-the-art assessment on smart campus are mostly unilaterally dependent but lack a balanced evaluation of the three dimensions. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a hybrid assessment framework that integrates all three key aspects, aiming to provide a multi-dimensional view of campus smartness for human-centred sustainable development. The smart campus assessment index resulting from the proposed framework is constructed under a limiting factor formulation to jointly model the individual contributions from the three dimensions as well as their trade-off relationship. The contribution from each dimension is the weighted normalised sum of a set of precisely selected indicators. A case study is also conducted on the historical data of a US university to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the assessment index in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which also demonstrates the rationality of the hybrid framework for smart campus assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 3","pages":"184-196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41904783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Hot cities’ and rapid growth; experiences and responses of urban planning departments","authors":"Robert Hammarberg,&nbsp;Linda Highfield,&nbsp;Gretchen Walton,&nbsp;Paige Wermuth,&nbsp;Ann Bowman","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12037","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is presumed that rapidly growing ‘hot cities’ adapt their planning and operations to meet their evolving population's needs. These presumptions inspired the development of the following mixed-method, convergent parallel study. Data from urban planning officials across nine rapidly growing ‘hot cities’ were collected through pre-interview surveys and qualitative key-informant interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify salient issues regarding awareness and perception of rapid population growth and the resulting response from their departments. Results indicate two main themes; Multidimensional Strain and Mitigation Strategies describe city experiences with rapid population growth effects and response. Across cities, urban planners expressed similar experiences of stress on land usage, housing, transportation, programing, and service delivery. Similar response patterns included evaluation and innovation of growth management strategies, enhanced collaboration, and equity considerations. This snapshot of rapid population growth repercussions and current city mitigation strategies may have future implications for public health and urban planning administrators in practice. Results shared also indicate how population data use and sharing can support Mitigation Strategies and impact community health.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 3","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44964904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart city indexes, criteria, indicators and rankings: An in-depth investigation and analysis","authors":"Chai Keong Toh","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12036","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are many indexes and ranking bodies on Smart Cities. However, most of these rankings have their own specific evaluation criteria and ranking methodologies. Currently, there are no uniformly and universally accepted methods for comprehensive and fair evaluation of smart cities. This is a problem as no ranking is widely accepted and universally agreed upon. This not only creates chaos but also confusion as to what indexes to follow. In this paper, 6 current smart city indexes (IMD-SUTD Smart City Index, AT Kearney Global Cities Index, IESE Cities in Motion Index, EasyPark Cities of the Future Index, Mori-Foundation Global Power City Index and Smart EcoCity Index) produced by major organisations are examined, discussed, and compared. Commonalities and differences are highlighted, revealing insights into the accuracy, comprehensiveness, shortcomings, acceptance and usage of these indexes and rankings. Finally, new evaluation factors are suggested and the rationale behind them are provided, in addition to the essential 8 criteria of economy, governance, technology, health, transport, environment, living and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 3","pages":"211-228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45099855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The city management based on smart information system using digital technologies in China","authors":"Yufang Huang,&nbsp;Hongtao Peng,&nbsp;Massoud Sofi,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Zhou,&nbsp;Tingyan Xing,&nbsp;Guoxing Ma,&nbsp;Aocheng Zhong","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12035","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scientific planning, digital management of construction and intelligent service are needed for a smart city. This paper focusses on city management based on the smart information system and digital technologies in China. The establishment of the smart intercommunication system of landscape, water conservancy, environmental protection and other industries is basic for a smart city. This paper introduced a framework of digital technologies for the construction of a smart city, which made full use of the city information modelling based on the geographic information system, building information modelling, internet of things, and integrated digital system and service platform such as satellite remote sensing, global navigation satellite system, mobile applications, cloud computing, visualisation technology etc. The study of the case implemented show that the framework is applicable to the smart city with digital technologies that includes the data model and system, integrating the urban basic geographic data, and data of infrastructure and other public facilities related to traffic, urban construction, ‘One Map’ of land and resources etc. The governance is more effective through data acquisition, data transmission, data analysis and processing based on the data platform and system.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 3","pages":"160-174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46724612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-mobility in Slovakia by 2030—End of oil dependency?","authors":"Stanislav Zábojník,&nbsp;Dušan Steinhauser,&nbsp;Pavol Kráľ","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12031","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>More European countries seriously depend on oil supplies from Russia primarily via one pipeline, which makes energy security weaker. This energy balance brings a massive problem for the import intensity; therefore, e-mobility might be a potential solution for the trade deficits of many European countries. Battery Electric Vehicles and Plug-In Hybrid Electric vehicles have been introduced within the priorities of the EC but also by car manufacturing companies worldwide. By 2050, massive growth of Electric vehicles (EVs) is expected, and significant changes in favour of electric cars have to be observed in new car sales till 2030. The article's main objective is to investigate whether and to what extent new sales of e-cars bring lower oil imports to Slovakia. The authors use three scenarios (based on regression models) differentiating market force intensity and regulation stringency till 2030. The significant findings of the models provide an estimated number of EVs on Slovak roads in 2030 and significant oil import cuts stemming from oil import substitution. The conclusion suggests that by 2030, Slovak oil imports will only slightly decrease due to e-mobility penetration, even in the most optimistic scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 2","pages":"127-142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43313989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel system for road traffic optimisation in large cities","authors":"Ahmad A. A. Alkhatib,&nbsp;Khulood Abu Maria,&nbsp;Shadi Alzu'bi,&nbsp;Eman Abu Maria","doi":"10.1049/smc2.12032","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.12032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traffic congestion and road intersection management have become a significant issue, mainly with the highly increasing number of vehicles in cities. There is a common belief from vehicle drivers that installing traffic lights with some consideration of traffic flows will be dominant in traffic movements. This article proposes a novel system for Urban Traffic Control (UTC) with a continuous dynamic environment adaptation to improve traffic flow on large cities' network roads. The proposed system introduces vehicle counting method, lane evaluation of the current status and controlling method considering the effect on the whole traffic network—not just the intersection itself—to provide an efficient traffic scheduling. The main objective of the authors’ system is to reduce traffic jam, by reducing waiting time and trip time for vehicles at intersections. Some indicators and models are introduced in this work to assign traffic flow schedules with minimum traffic congestion and vehicle waiting time. These indicators and models include a traffic jam indicator, vehicle priority and lane weight. A multi-agent urban traffic control system is proposed as the simulation environment using NetLogo simulator. (A total of 150) Vehicles are generated with random behaviour distributed over 25 intersections for 9 h duration to compare the normal fixed cycle traffic light and the authors’ smart traffic control. Results show a reduction in the total average waiting time of all vehicles for the simulation period by more than (29.98%). Hence, it is more suitable for the complexity of the current traffic condition with minimum changing infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"4 2","pages":"143-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.12032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42028804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}