Smart Energy最新文献_第8页

Testing and evaluation of a smart controller for reducing peak loads and return temperatures in district heating networks 用于降低区域供热网络峰值负荷和返回温度的智能控制器的测试和评估

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100105

Tijs Van Oevelen , Thomas Neven , Aurélien Brès , Ralf-Roman Schmidt , Dirk Vanhoudt

{"title":"Testing and evaluation of a smart controller for reducing peak loads and return temperatures in district heating networks","authors":"Tijs Van Oevelen , Thomas Neven , Aurélien Brès , Ralf-Roman Schmidt , Dirk Vanhoudt","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A smart demand response control system aiming towards real-time operational optimisation of district heating (DH) network temperature levels, both in the return and supply pipes, has been developed in the TEMPO project. The return temperature is mainly dependent on the demand side. The controller optimises its value through control of the customers’ heat load. The network supply temperature, however, is directly controllable on the production side. The capabilities of supply temperature control are twofold. On the one hand, lowering the network supply temperature as close as possible to the limits determined by customer thermal demands. On the other hand, activating the intrinsic thermal capacity of the piping to temporarily store heat and thereby shifting the heat load in time. This provides additional energy flexibility potential on top of building demand response.</p><p>In this study, the two features of the smart control system have been tested in a part of the DH network of Brescia (Italy). A cloud-based platform is used to collect real-time data from various sources and to communicate control signals calculated by the smart controller. The article presents the results of the tests and an evaluation of the controller performance. The analysis indicates that daily flow-weighted average return temperature reductions of almost 1 K on average can be achieved, and up to 15 K instantaneously. Using supply temperature control, the daily peak load energy supply could be reduced by 262 kWh (34%) on average, by shifting the heat load.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44520008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Energy scenarios for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area towards a sustainable 2050: A TIMES-VEDA analysis 大坎帕拉都市区迈向2050年可持续发展的能源情景：TIMES-VEDA分析

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100099

Ismail Kimuli, Gary Goldstein, Michael Lubwama, John Bosco Kirabira, Adam Sebbit

{"title":"Energy scenarios for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area towards a sustainable 2050: A TIMES-VEDA analysis","authors":"Ismail Kimuli, Gary Goldstein, Michael Lubwama, John Bosco Kirabira, Adam Sebbit","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study develops energy scenarios for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA). GKMA is Uganda's capital metropolis with no focused energy policy framework. The study uses TIMES-VEDA to assess sustainable low-carbon development using BAU, Kabejja, Carbon-Tax, and Lutta scenarios. The study examines commercial, industrial, transportation, residential, agricultural, and electricity generation activities that support economic development. BAU is the baseline case with limited commitment to a low-carbon future. Kabejja, Carbon-Tax, and Lutta are the alternative scenarios with distinct carbon abatement policies. The bottom-up analysis suggests that should policy trends continue as BAU, consumption, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions upsurge significantly. However, consumption and carbon emissions lessen as the energy management system tends to a near-zero carbon abatement strategy. Lutta is the best pathway for a sustainable future, provided the metropolis adopts the low-carbon electrification of the GKMA energy policy, with the setting up of an electrified Kampala metro becoming the central focus for future policy shifts over the planning horizon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42960823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How replacing fossil fuels with electrofuels could influence the demand for renewable energy and land area 用电燃料替代化石燃料将如何影响对可再生能源的需求和土地面积

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100107

Anders Winther Rennuit-Mortensen , Kasper Dalgas Rasmussen , Maria Grahn

{"title":"How replacing fossil fuels with electrofuels could influence the demand for renewable energy and land area","authors":"Anders Winther Rennuit-Mortensen , Kasper Dalgas Rasmussen , Maria Grahn","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During recent years, electrofuels (fuels from electricity, water, and carbon) have gained increased interest as substitute for fossil fuels in all energy and chemical sectors. The feasibility of electrofuels has been assessed from a range of aspects but no study has assessed the land area needed if scaling up the production based on renewables. The amount of land on Earth is limited and the competition for land, in a long-term perspective, imposes a risk of, e.g., increased food prices and biodiversity losses. The aim of this paper is to assess how much land area it would require if all fossil fuels were substituted by electrofuels (‘All electrofuel’-scenario) and compare this with the area needed if all fossil fuels were substituted by bioenergy (‘All biomass’-scenario) or by electricity (‘All electric’-scenario). Each scenario represents extreme cases towards fully renewable energy systems to outline the theoretical area needed. Main conclusions are (1) the electricity demand, if substituting all fossil fuels with electrofuels, is huge (1540 EJ) but technically obtainable, demanding 1.1% of the Earth's surface, for solar panels, in the most optimistic case, and (2) the sustainable technical potential for biomass cannot alone substitute all fossil fuels, unless radical energy demand reductions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47414730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sector coupling of electricity, transport and cooling with high share integration of renewables in Indonesia 印尼电力、交通和制冷行业的耦合与可再生能源的高份额整合

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100102

Yudha Irmansyah Siregar, Bernd Möller

{"title":"Sector coupling of electricity, transport and cooling with high share integration of renewables in Indonesia","authors":"Yudha Irmansyah Siregar, Bernd Möller","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sector coupling improves energy system efficiency by maximising potential synergies among energy sectors. This paper aims to assess the sector coupling of electricity, transport, and cooling on the Java and Bali islands, Indonesia. Future energy systems in 2040, focussing on decarbonised electricity sector with high electric vehicles deployment and district cooling penetration, were simulated using EnergyPLAN. A bottom-up calculation approach was applied to determine demand in the transport sector. In the cooling sector, geospatial analysis was employed to quantify cooling demand and locate potential district cooling networks in Jakarta. Six scenarios were explored based on their energy demand and supply characteristics. Modelling results show that the sector coupling of three sectors could reduce primary energy supply (PES), CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and annual costs. The most suitable scenario has about 8% lower PES, 14% lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and 2% less annual costs compared to the business-as-usual scenario. Results also show that transport electrification could only effectively and significantly decrease CO<sub>2</sub> emissions if its electricity demand is produced from renewables. Transport electrification with large scale integration of renewables could also lower the annual costs by decreasing fossil fuel costs in the transport and electricity sectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45449132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Communal or individual – Exploring cost-efficient heating of new city-level housing in a systems perspective 公共或个人-从系统的角度探索新的城市级住房的成本效益供暖

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100097

Karl Vilén , Sujeetha Selvakkumaran , Erik O. Ahlgren

{"title":"Communal or individual – Exploring cost-efficient heating of new city-level housing in a systems perspective","authors":"Karl Vilén , Sujeetha Selvakkumaran , Erik O. Ahlgren","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As cities expand, new buildings are constructed and they require heating. With increasing integration of the heating and electricity sectors and forecasts of rapid growth in electricity demand, heating choices become critical for the sustainability transition. The main heating options are communal or individual, where the communal option is represented by district heating (DH) and the individual option mainly by heat pumps or biomass heating. Which option is best from the cost perspective depends on the building type and on the energy system development. Thus, this paper investigates cost-efficient heating of new city-level housing in a systems perspective under various scenarios.</p><p>The investigation was carried out using an energy systems optimization model based on a case representing Swedish conditions. A dynamic approach was used to investigate cost-efficient development of the supply side and demand side simultaneously.</p><p>The results indicate that the most cost-efficient heating systems are: DH for apartment buildings; and individual heating options for single-family housing with low heat demands. For large single-family housing with high heat demands, the cost-efficient solution depends on the heat demand profile. Higher heat use during winter favors DH and individual biomass boilers, but diminishes the economic feasibility of individual heat pumps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47238059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The effect of low-carbon processes on industrial excess heat potentials for district heating in the EU: A GIS-based analysis 低碳工艺对欧盟区域供暖工业余热潜力的影响：基于GIS的分析

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100103

Pia Manz , Tobias Fleiter , Wolfgang Eichhammer

{"title":"The effect of low-carbon processes on industrial excess heat potentials for district heating in the EU: A GIS-based analysis","authors":"Pia Manz , Tobias Fleiter , Wolfgang Eichhammer","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excess heat from industrial processes can be utilized in district heating networks, thereby reducing the primary energy demand and possibly the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for generating district heating. Numerous studies found a substantial potential of industrial excess heat, but have not systematically considered future changes in the energy system that will affect its utilization potential. Industrial production is set to transform to low-carbon processes and district heating needs to be generated without the use of fossil fuels. We quantify industrial excess heat using spatial matching for the EU-27, and considering the impact of the transformation to a climate-neutral energy system. The first step identifies excess heat potentials from energy-intensive industries as point sources, and considers process changes. The subsequent step spatially matches these excess heat potentials to district heating areas using a GIS-based approach. The results show that the amount of available excess heat will decrease significantly due to industry transformation. At the same time, the utilization could be increased due to lower district heating system temperatures and expanding district heating areas, resulting in 3–36 TWh per year. At local level, industrial excess heat can make a significant contribution to the supply of district heating in the future, but the major share will need to come from renewables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41647014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Decarbonization of district heating and deep retrofits of buildings as competing or synergetic strategies for the implementation of the efficiency first principle 区域供暖脱碳和建筑深度改造是实施效率第一原则的竞争或协同战略

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100096

Eftim Popovski , Mario Ragwitz , Heike Brugger

{"title":"Decarbonization of district heating and deep retrofits of buildings as competing or synergetic strategies for the implementation of the efficiency first principle","authors":"Eftim Popovski , Mario Ragwitz , Heike Brugger","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper discusses the compatibility of district heating (DH) networks with deep retrofits of buildings under various European climate conditions and city typologies. The study analyses five cities with different DH market shares, climate zones, population densities, and transferability potentials. First, we have forecasted population, heated floor area, and share of floor area per construction period until 2050, and then calculated three different heat demand scenarios for varying building refurbishment rates of 1%, 2%, and 3% of the total floor area. Second, future suitable DH regions with min 25 GWh/km<sup>2</sup> networks were identified. By applying a bottom-up GIS model, based on the type of city area, number of buildings, street length, and heat density, the DH distribution capital and operation costs were calculated. Lastly, to compare the total cost of heat supply for each scenario, the cost of individual heat per building type was calculated.</p><p>The results show that even in the scenarios with high refurbishment rates of 3%, high percentage of the built-up areas, between 23% and 68% depending on the city typology, are suitable for DH supply in 2050. The share of DH from the total heat supply varies between 49% and 83%. An increase of the DH price between 14% and 35%, depending on the scenario and case study can be expected due to the reduced heat densities compared to the current ones. Nevertheless, maximizing the DH connection rates in the identified regions leads to lower total cost of heat in almost all the analysed case studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42583370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Evaluation of agriculture wells electrification policy and development of a long-term sustainable energy strategy 农业水井电气化政策评价与制定长期可持续能源战略

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100101

Mohammad Ali Moradi , Mohsen Salimi , Majid Amidpour

{"title":"Evaluation of agriculture wells electrification policy and development of a long-term sustainable energy strategy","authors":"Mohammad Ali Moradi , Mohsen Salimi , Majid Amidpour","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electrification of agriculture wells in the developing countries is considered as one of the major solutions for increasing energy efficiency and utilization of renewables to achieve sustainable and smart agriculture sector. This study aims to re-evaluate the plan for the electrification of agricultural wells in Iran as a case study in the framework of an environmental energy analysis model and under possible scenarios to achieve sustainable policy-making until 2041. To evaluate the cost-benefits of electrification of agricultural wells, an economic bottom-up end-use analysis model was developed using LEAP. In this study, a methodology was developed to analyze different solutions for energy demand of groundwater well subsector of agriculture sector. The superior scenario, called energy efficiency package, was introduced. To amend the government's policy on the electrification of agricultural wells, and by integrating the strategies of electrification and intelligent measurements and monitoring of wells, this research, suggested a sustainable solution on the use of solar and wind energy in the form of energy efficiency package. This solution could save 8.19 million barrels of crude oil equivalent and reduce 5.24 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions by 2041 at a cost of −369.3 dollars per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45256433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Smart energy approaches for carbon abatement: Scenario designs for Chile's energy transition 碳减排的智能能源方法:智利能源转型的情景设计

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100098

Miguel Chang , Susana Paardekooper , Matteo Giacomo Prina , Jakob Zinck Thellufsen , Henrik Lund , Pilar Lapuente

{"title":"Smart energy approaches for carbon abatement: Scenario designs for Chile's energy transition","authors":"Miguel Chang , Susana Paardekooper , Matteo Giacomo Prina , Jakob Zinck Thellufsen , Henrik Lund , Pilar Lapuente","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops scenarios aiming to transition the Chilean energy system in 2050 to 100% renewable energy; taking into account local resource potentials, demands, cross-sectoral integration of the electricity, heating, transport, and industrial sectors, and synergies in their related infrastructures. The energy system model EnergyPLAN is used to simulate the hourly operation of the energy system. The relationship between potential CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reductions and relative costs is estimated using marginal abatement cost curves with the EPLANoptMAC tool to assess the optimal sequence of capacity expansion and carbon abatement alternatives. The analysis demonstrates that it is possible to carry out this transition from a technical perspective more efficiently than what is proposed with current national scenarios while still aligning with climate neutrality targets; and that, in different phases of the Chilean energy transition, specific options could be prioritized based on an improved balance between carbon abatement and costs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46718577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Modelling of waste heat integration into an existing district heating network operating at different supply temperatures 在不同供应温度下运行的现有区域供热网络中废热整合的建模

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100104

Jan Stock , Felix Arjuna , André Xhonneux , Dirk Müller

{"title":"Modelling of waste heat integration into an existing district heating network operating at different supply temperatures","authors":"Jan Stock , Felix Arjuna , André Xhonneux , Dirk Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A promising way to make use of waste heat sources is to distribute the heat to nearby buildings via district heating systems to cover the heat demands of the buildings. The integration of a waste heat source into an existing district heating system must be studied in advance to avoid difficulties in network operation and to ensure the required heat supply to all connected buildings. Simultaneously, supply temperature reduction can improve the overall system efficiency and should also be considered for a sustainable transformation of existing district heating systems.</p><p>In this paper, we develop a district heating model with multiple supplying heat sources to study the influence of an additional integrated heat source and the effects of reduced supply temperatures on the network conditions. With the developed model, we investigate the waste heat integration into an existing district heating system at a German research facility campus. Therefore, we test different integrated waste heat shares to identify arising bottlenecks and to check for the sufficient heat supply to the connected consumers. Furthermore, we test the opportunity to additionally lowering the supply temperatures in the district heating network. The simulation results show that waste heat integration is possible at the investigated district heating system up to 40%. However, simultaneously lowering the supply temperature leads to greater challenges as more bottlenecks arise and additional buildings are affected by insufficient supply.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42084898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2