Smart Energy最新文献_第9页

Cross-sectoral integration for increased penetration of renewable energy sources in the energy system – Unlocking the flexibility potential of maritime transport electrification 跨部门整合，增加可再生能源在能源系统中的渗透——释放海上运输电气化的灵活性潜力

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2022.100089

Marko Mimica , Maja Perčić , Nikola Vladimir , Goran Krajačić

{"title":"Cross-sectoral integration for increased penetration of renewable energy sources in the energy system – Unlocking the flexibility potential of maritime transport electrification","authors":"Marko Mimica , Maja Perčić , Nikola Vladimir , Goran Krajačić","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The creation of smart energy systems is essential for the energy transition of the European Union. Electrification and smart integration of maritime transport with the power system is becoming highly important in order to successfully decarbonise maritime transportation and increase the possibility for the integration of renewable energy sources. This study presents a novel method for the analysis of maritime transportation integration with the power system. The method includes a novel model for electric ships that include all relevant engine, ship route and energy storage system aspects. By including the ship charging variable it is possible to connect the model to the distribution grid. The method provides the possibility to analyse the impact of maritime integration for different connection options and with the different shares of renewable energy sources present in the system. The study found that such smart integration can have a positive impact on the overall smart energy system. In particular, the smart integration of maritime transport with the power grid led to the reduction of curtailed energy by 3.9 MWh in the Kvarner archipelago for the maximum analysed penetration of renewable energy sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955222000272/pdfft?md5=9a91397fb4c17db74e7c541f2cc18747&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955222000272-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43304702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Smart energy demand for the sustainable development of energy, water and environment systems 智能能源需求能源、水和环境系统的可持续发展

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2022.100091

Vladimir Z. Gjorgievski, Natasa Markovska, Brian Vad Mathiesen, Neven Duić

{"title":"Smart energy demand for the sustainable development of energy, water and environment systems","authors":"Vladimir Z. Gjorgievski, Natasa Markovska, Brian Vad Mathiesen, Neven Duić","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Grounded in the idea of meeting the needs of generations across time, sustainable development bears a close relationship to the way in which humanity consumes energy. Nevertheless, the historic notion that energy demand growth reflects improved living standards, economic development and prosperity are challenged when sustainability constraints and the impact on climate change are considered. As a result, a growing body of scientific research is exploring how energy demand can contribute to the energy transition instead of placing it in peril, by means of greater efficiency, digitalization, connectivity and a holistic approach to planning and management. Over the years, the Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) has acted as a forum for scientific discourse in this field, shedding light on nuanced discussions and challenging siloed thinking. This special issue contains a selection of four papers that are focused on smart energy demand, demand response and decarbonization, presented at the 2021 SDEWES Conference (16<sup>th</sup> SDEWES Conference held in Dubrovnik, Croatia).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955222000296/pdfft?md5=8f04a6032558c473d0694d59a6d27e7c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955222000296-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47760724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of hydrogen-based long term electrical energy storage in residential energy systems 住宅能源系统中氢基长期电能储存的评估

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2022.100088

Pietro Lubello, Mattia Pasqui, Alessandro Mati, Carlo Carcasci

{"title":"Assessment of hydrogen-based long term electrical energy storage in residential energy systems","authors":"Pietro Lubello, Mattia Pasqui, Alessandro Mati, Carlo Carcasci","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among the numerous envisioned applications for hydrogen in the decarbonisation of the energy system, seasonal energy storage is usually regarded as one of the most likely options. Although long-term energy storage is usually considered at grid-scale level, given the increasing diffusion of distributed energy systems and the expected cost reduction in hydrogen related components, some companies are starting to offer residential systems, with PV modules and batteries, that rely on hydrogen for seasonal storage of electrical energy. Such hydrogen storage systems are generally composed by water electrolysers, hydrogen storage vessels and fuel cells.</p><p>The aim of this work is to investigate such systems and their possible applications for different geographical conditions in Italy. On-grid and off-grid systems are considered and compared to systems without hydrogen, in terms of self-consumption ratio, size of components and economic investment. Each different option has been assessed from a techno-economic point of view via MESS (Multi Energy Systems Simulator), an analytical programming tool for the analysis of local energy systems.</p><p>Results have identified the optimal sizing of the system's components and have shown how such systems are not, in general, economically competitive for a single dwelling, although they can in some cases ensure energy independence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955222000260/pdfft?md5=b9a9d32ee5089a184da20c2c464621b4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955222000260-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

100% renewable industrial decarbonization: Optimal integration of solar heat and photovoltaics 100%可再生工业脱碳:太阳能热能和光伏发电的最佳整合

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2022.100087

Mohammad Sameti, Eoin Syron

{"title":"100% renewable industrial decarbonization: Optimal integration of solar heat and photovoltaics","authors":"Mohammad Sameti, Eoin Syron","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decarbonizing industrial high-temperature (above 500 °C) heat demand is considered as one of the most challenging areas for decarbonization of energy due to (1) their strive for high-grade heat input, and (2) CO<sub>2</sub> emission as the by-product. Heat and electricity from solar sources (medium to high-temperature solar thermal and photovoltaics) are two potential solutions for reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emission in the industrial heating sector. This study investigates the potential of solar energy in the form of heat and/or electricity to make a significant contribution to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from industrial heating requirements. Analysis is performed to determine the optimal configuration of both systems along with a hybrid system in terms of both cost and emissions reductions which are compared with a natural gas-only (conventional) system. Annual hourly solar irradiation data for two locations with different climatic conditions (mild and hot climates) was generated and employed as the input to the optimization model to provide a high-resolution (hourly-based) comparison. The results showed that for the hot climate, the optimized compact parabolic trough system reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 45% compared to the base gas-only system with an increase in 75% for cost. A 45% reduction in emissions for the location with mild weather condition resulted accompanied with an 88% increase for costs. The photovoltaic solution resulted in higher cost than that of compact parabolic trough solution in the same level of emission due to the lower conversion efficiencies of the photovoltaic cells. Beside the environmental aspects, less dependance to gas transmission network and relying on local energy sources as well as less operation/maintenance costs are the benefits of the proposed configurations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955222000259/pdfft?md5=91748950e3f4b1594ea1c4b6f22782c7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955222000259-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42609742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Decentralised multi-grid coupling for energy supply of a hybrid bus depot using mixed-integer linear programming 基于混合整数线性规划的混合车辆段能量供应分散多网耦合

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2022.100090

Maximilian Roth, Georg Franke, Stephan Rinderknecht

{"title":"Decentralised multi-grid coupling for energy supply of a hybrid bus depot using mixed-integer linear programming","authors":"Maximilian Roth, Georg Franke, Stephan Rinderknecht","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work refers to two current problems in the context of achieving Greenhouse gas (GHG) neutrality: first the curtailment of renewable, volatile power generation units and secondly the high share of the mobility domain in total GHG-emissions. Both problems can be countered by a decentralised, smart energy system that supplies electricity, gas and heat to a hybrid public transport bus fleet and is simultaneously coupled to the public gas grid, public electricity grid and the district heating grid (Multi-Grid-Coupling). The enabling energy conversion unit is a reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC), which is operated in combined heat and power (CHP) mode or in power-to-gas (P2G) mode. P2G is primarily a solution approach for the first-mentioned problem and can thus successively lead to the replacement of fossil energy sources. Furthermore, by integrating industrial waste gases – as a necessary CO<sub>2</sub> source for the P2G process – an additional benefit is gained from the CO<sub>2</sub> that is emitted anyhow. The hybrid bus fleet constitutes an ecological alternative concept in public transport and therefore addresses the second-mentioned problem. The system, developed under the current state of the art technologies and the current ecological and economic conditions for Europe and Germany, can be operated profitably from the perspective of the system operator. This applies to the economically and ecologically optimised operating schedule of the controllable system elements such as the electrical, thermal and compressed gas storages, rSOC, compressor and the energy exchange with the public grids. To derive the optimal operating schedule of the cross-sectoral system, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is implemented and simulated under the current legal situation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955222000284/pdfft?md5=c2ba7881823b6e0abc96d66aa0b061c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955222000284-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47839730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Smart energy systems approach to zero emissions long-range sailing vessels 智能能源系统接近零排放远程帆船

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2022.100086

Andrew Cass , Jens Ring Nielson

{"title":"Smart energy systems approach to zero emissions long-range sailing vessels","authors":"Andrew Cass , Jens Ring Nielson","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transportation is undergoing an electric revolution and the marine sector is missing many of the advances made in other industries. The critical roadblock is the virtual actor of safety. To date, there is no viable replacement for the range, comfort, and safety provided by a tank of diesel.</p><p>The question this research asks is could fully integrating transport, storage, and eliminating critical excess energy within the closed loop of the sailing vessel increase comfort, safety, range, and speed? This paper leverages the smart energy systems approach and is based on existing technology, including the propeller. However, it applies a new approach to driveline design and operation as a basis to model energy performance.</p><p>In our model, wind is the primary energy source converted into electric energy via hydro-generation; the point of departure from existing systems is the ability to fully manage critical excess energy in an integrated smart energy system. Energy management is carried out by a new performance algorithm called Charge Made Good (CMG), that allows the vessel to predict the battery state at the journey’s end and maintain this prediction during periods of intermittent energy production from forecast variance. The model shows that fossil fuels used for safety and range in direct-drive and electric-hybrid systems can be eliminated, with an improved level of amenity aboard and an improved safety factor using the smart energy systems approach. It is the first academic research to address the safety and comfort of zero-emissions recreational craft rather than technical but unusable/uneconomic solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955222000247/pdfft?md5=0eb1317827794c6532fe25aa492e33e6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955222000247-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49620759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Investigating alternative power supply solutions under long term uncertainty for offgrid-offshore fish farm: The case of Hinnøya island, Norway 研究离岸离网养鱼场在长期不确定性下的替代电力供应解决方案:挪威Hinnøya岛的案例

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2022.100078

Dejene Assefa Hagos, Yongping Liu, Lizhen Huang

{"title":"Investigating alternative power supply solutions under long term uncertainty for offgrid-offshore fish farm: The case of Hinnøya island, Norway","authors":"Dejene Assefa Hagos, Yongping Liu, Lizhen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this paper is to explore potential least-cost decarbonisation solutions for an off-grid and offshore fish farm power supply system under long term uncertainty. The Hinnøya island in Norway is used as a use case. Three distinctive off-grid and grid-based alternative power supply solutions were proposed and studied as a replacement to the existing diesel power solution in a three-stage stochastic model and under two critical long-term uncertainties: (1) access to strong grid and (2) storage battery cost. The TIMES modelling framework is applied. The stochastic model results reveal that grid integrated storage is an optimal near-term investment for a storage battery cost of 295 €/kWh and less by 2025. In scenarios with no access to strong grid, grid integrated storage continues to be a least-cost solution in the long-term as well, whereas in those scenarios with strong grid access, new investment in storage is not required after 2030. Contrary to the stochastic model runs, the equivalent deterministic model runs showed that a hybrid wind and diesel solution is an optimal near-term investment. From 2030, however, a similar technology pattern in both stochastic and deterministic model runs are observed. Nevertheless, the results are very sensitive to the assumed storage battery costs. Higher storage costs (as high as 704 €/kWh by 2025) would make the hybrid wind and diesel solution an optimal solution instead of the grid integrated storage solution in near-term investment in both stochastic and deterministic model runs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955222000168/pdfft?md5=071bcdca5d5c87b6f07e95f04566a662&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955222000168-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43343515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Smart knowledge management driving green transformation: A comparative case study 智能知识管理推动绿色转型:比较案例研究

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2022.100085

József Magyari , Máté Zavarkó , Zoltán Csedő

{"title":"Smart knowledge management driving green transformation: A comparative case study","authors":"József Magyari , Máté Zavarkó , Zoltán Csedő","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large energy companies and energy startups are increasingly focusing their resources to build new businesses concerning smart energy systems (SES). The development and integration of related innovative technologies for green transformation with traditional business models are often hampered, however, by the challenge of parallel management of exploitation of current business areas, and the exploration of new business areas with breakthrough innovation. While knowledge management could be key in this balancing strategy and shifting the organization to a more sustainable future, little is known about the challenges in the context of the energy sector. Applying a comparative case study method at a large energy company and a small energy startup, path dependency is reflected in KMS design in both cases, which could result in a slower shift to new technologies in case of the incumbent, and slower exploitation of the technological innovation in case of the startup. If a partnership is not an option for simulating structural ambidexterity, energy companies could speed up green transformation individually with smart knowledge management systems (SKMS) that support the development of contextual ambidexterity and SES.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955222000235/pdfft?md5=9ea8809ac6ba560e894675d0c91059ac&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955222000235-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44169834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

A statistical model to forecast and simulate energy demand in the long-run 预测和模拟长期能源需求的统计模型

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2022.100084

Ignacio Mauleón

{"title":"A statistical model to forecast and simulate energy demand in the long-run","authors":"Ignacio Mauleón","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research aims to design a model to forecast and simulate aggregated world energy demand at distant horizons in time. This is done by estimating statistically a simplified interrelated model for the three variables considered, total primary Energy, world population and GDP. The approach intends to offer a complementary perspective to current practice, based on simulating energy demand conditional on GDP and population. The model is based on long historical series spanning the years (1900;2017) available from renowned researchers and institutions in their respective fields. The estimated models allow a forecast of future energy demand and a risk/sensitivity analysis. Alternative solutions and simulation methods are carried out to assess the robustness of the results derived. These forecasts are compared to the results of key relevant roadmaps put forward in the literature - in the range (330;408) EJ/yr for final energy consumption -, the general conclusion being that the aforementioned roadmaps assume sizeable efficiency savings, relying mainly on electrification and renewable energies deployment, that depart significantly from historical trends embodied in the model estimated - 900 EJ/yr on average, and 600 EJ/yr under favourable assumptions. These results jeopardise the unbounded GDP-growth paradigm, suggesting a replacement by alternative welfare measures as suggested by the UN human development index, the prosperity approach, and related standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955222000223/pdfft?md5=12f19791290c5d832aa1ed5c1c18ee61&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955222000223-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55146700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Spatial analyses of smart energy system implementation through system dynamics and GIS modelling. Wind power case study in Latvia 通过系统动力学和GIS建模实现智能能源系统的空间分析。拉脱维亚风力发电案例研究

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2022.100081

Ieva Pakere, Marika Kacare, Armands Grāvelsiņš, Ritvars Freimanis, Andra Blumberga

{"title":"Spatial analyses of smart energy system implementation through system dynamics and GIS modelling. Wind power case study in Latvia","authors":"Ieva Pakere, Marika Kacare, Armands Grāvelsiņš, Ritvars Freimanis, Andra Blumberga","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2022.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Major concern in utilising renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, is their intermittent nature. Therefore, whether they can be reliable energy sources to provide uninterrupted energy demand when reaching a high share of renewable energy in the system depends on the whole energy supply network. Higher flexibility of RES-based systems can be reached through the development of smart energy concepts.</p><p>The system dynamics model coupled with a geographical information system platform has been used to analyse space and time dimensions of RES potential using geo-referenced information. This approach allows analysing the whole energy system by determining the best-suited development scenario for each region separately, based on their resource, economic, and technological capabilities. Furthermore, the system dynamics model is complemented with different policies to evaluate their impact on renewable and local energy resource development and economic potential. The results show that the potential for large-scale onshore wind farm capacities with suitable land conditions could be around 5.5 GW, but the forecasted necessary wind power capacity to reach climate neutrality in 2050 is 1.55 GW. Therefore, onshore wind turbines should be promoted to move toward a smart and renewable power system in Latvia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955222000193/pdfft?md5=63f6a5a401c8911e887230906c04bfbe&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955222000193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49245645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7