Smart Energy最新文献

Exploring the advantages of a multi-year-adaptive approach on cost-optimal long-term mini-grid design under different demand evolution scenarios

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100178

Milky Ali Gelchu , Jimmy Ehnberg , Dereje Shiferaw , Erik O. Ahlgren

{"title":"Exploring the advantages of a multi-year-adaptive approach on cost-optimal long-term mini-grid design under different demand evolution scenarios","authors":"Milky Ali Gelchu , Jimmy Ehnberg , Dereje Shiferaw , Erik O. Ahlgren","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mini-grids are essential for rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa, but due to uncertainty about future demand evolution in non-electrified communities, cost-optimal long-term sizing and design is particularly difficult. Standard, non-adaptive design approaches single-year and multi-year, are highly susceptible to demand evolution uncertainties. Despite potentially great advantages there is a lack of studies investigating adaptive design approaches. Thus, this study, using particle swarm optimization, explores the advantages of a multi-year-adaptive approach on cost-optimal long-term solar PV mini-grid component sizing under three demand evolution scenarios, considering the impacts of load flexibility, varying discount rates, and potential future mini-grid component cost reductions. The results show that the multi-year-adaptive approach helps to manage demand evolution challenges. It leads to significant cost-savings, up to three-quarters, in higher demand evolution scenarios, compared to multi-year and single-year approaches. These cost-savings increase with load flexibility (up to 4 % with 10 % flexibility), higher discount rates (up to 9.4 % with rates from 7 % to 20 %), and component cost reductions (up to 3.6 % per 1 % reduction). The study demonstrates how an adaptive approach can be utilized to optimize mini-grid component sizing and enhance cost efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing district heating operations: Network modeling and its implications on system efficiency and operation

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175

Pascal Friedrich , Thanh Huynh , Stefan Niessen

{"title":"Optimizing district heating operations: Network modeling and its implications on system efficiency and operation","authors":"Pascal Friedrich , Thanh Huynh , Stefan Niessen","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient utilization of local heat sources in urban areas necessitates integrating various suppliers into District Heating Systems (DHSs), considering the diverse ownership and physical characteristics of these sources. This study addresses the challenges in operational planning and pricing through local heat markets, emphasizing the importance of accurately representing the District Heating Network (DHN) physics for reliable market matching. We explore different DHN modeling approaches for day-ahead operational planning, balancing between numerical efficiency, economic viability, and operational feasibility. Our models, ranging from mixed-integer linear to non-linear, aim to maximize social welfare under steady-state conditions and are tested on small scenarios to highlight potential synergies between Heatpumps (HPs) and Combined Heat and Power Units (CHPs). Assuming regulations enable cost-competitive operations between HPs and CHP units, we anchor our energy price assumptions in 2030 forecasts for Germany. This approach allows us to highlight the techno-economic advantages of leveraging non-linear model flexibility during the transition to sustainable heat supply. The model’s operational schedules are further validated through detailed physical simulations in Modelica, revealing the impact of transient effects on actual performance, particularly the risks associated with thermo-hydraulic oscillations. The study concludes by discussing the required model complexity for effective DHS scheduling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing storage capacity in 100 % renewable electricity supply: A GIS-based approach for Italy

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100177

Vittoria Battaglia , Aseed Ur Rehman , Laura Vanoli

{"title":"Optimizing storage capacity in 100 % renewable electricity supply: A GIS-based approach for Italy","authors":"Vittoria Battaglia , Aseed Ur Rehman , Laura Vanoli","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainability of energy systems relies on the integration of renewable local sources. This study aimed to optimize Italy's electricity supply by leveraging a hybrid PV-wind energy system, employing advanced optimization techniques. The primary goal was pinpointing the minimum storage capacity necessary for Italy's power grid in a scenario completely reliant on PV and wind energy. To achieve this, the potential of both PV and wind energy was evaluated through a GIS-based analysis, while dynamic simulation was used to estimate power generation across regions. The Mixed-integer linear programming algorithm underwent a three-step process: computing the hourly residual load for diverse PV and wind capacity combinations, determining the hourly storage requirements and ultimately identifying the mix with the least storage capacity. Applying Mixed-integer linear programming to Italy's complete PV and wind energy potential revealed a necessity for 33 TWh of storage capacity. To decrease the required storage capacity, two new scenarios were proposed: the island scenario, in which the total annual electricity production from solar and wind energy is equal to the annual electricity demand, and the peak hour scenario, where generation from PV and wind is matched to the consumption in peak hour electric demand. The economic analysis of the proposed scenarios shows that although hydrogen can be used to store enormous amounts of energy, the inefficiencies in the conversion processes make it less cost-effective compared to other technologies. Pumped-hydro storage is the most cost-effective option for energy storage. The results show that the most economically viable scenario is the island scenario with an optimal mix of 16.9 % PV and 83.1 % wind, requiring a storage capacity of 7.04 TWh and a 3.34 trillion euro investment for pump-hydro storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143290355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term energy scenario ranking with MCDA analysis: The case of Reunion Island

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2024.100171

Dominique Grondin , Chao Tang , Andrew Barney , Agnès François , Heracles Polatidis , Michel Benne , Béatrice Morel

{"title":"Long-term energy scenario ranking with MCDA analysis: The case of Reunion Island","authors":"Dominique Grondin , Chao Tang , Andrew Barney , Agnès François , Heracles Polatidis , Michel Benne , Béatrice Morel","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Island territories rely heavily on fossil fuel resources, and transitioning to other energy sources is essential for their progress. To accomplish this, it is imperative to utilize local renewable energy sources. In this study, an analysis of energy planning for Reunion Island has been conducted where Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodologies have been used to evaluate the sustainability of energy scenarios for 2050. This evaluation is carried out considering criteria encompassing technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects of the scenarios. Further, perspectives of local actors were considered in the evaluation of these criteria. The results indicate that the greenhouse gas emissions and job creation criteria are considered to be of utmost significance, whilst technical criteria were regarded as the least significant by these local stakeholders. PROMETHEE II and TOPSIS MCDA analysis reveal that the Combined scenario, a scenario where all local energy resources are exploited to their maximum, is the preferred electricity generation scenario. The findings are used to formulate policy recommendations for island planners, helping them to adjust the island's current energy strategies. This study also serves as a valuable resource for other non-interconnected islands undergoing an energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A data-based comparison of methods for reducing the peak flow rate in a district heating system

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2024.100168

Felix Agner , Ulrich Trabert , Anders Rantzer , Janybek Orozaliev

{"title":"A data-based comparison of methods for reducing the peak flow rate in a district heating system","authors":"Felix Agner , Ulrich Trabert , Anders Rantzer , Janybek Orozaliev","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work concerns reduction of the peak flow rate of a district heating grid, a key system property which is bounded by pipe dimensions and pumping capacity. The peak flow rate constrains the number of additional consumers that can be connected, and may be a limiting factor in reducing supply temperatures when transitioning to the 4th generation of district heating. We evaluate a full year of operational data from a subset of customer meters in a district heating system in Germany. We consider the peak flow rate reduction that could be achieved with full a posteriori knowledge of this data. Three strategies for reducing the peak flow rate are investigated: A load shifting demand response strategy, an upper limitation in substation return temperatures, and an upper limitation on each substation’s volume flow rate. We show that imposing up to 18 % load flexibility for the customers provides an equal reduction in the peak system flow rate under the load shifting strategy. The limited return temperature strategy is less efficient at curtailing the peak flow rate, but provides an overall reduction of volume flow rates. Finally, the flow rate limitation method can introduce new, higher flow rate peaks, reducing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Power grid operation in distribution grids with convolutional neural networks

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2024.100169

Manuela Linke, Tobias Meßmer, Gabriel Micard, Gunnar Schubert

{"title":"Power grid operation in distribution grids with convolutional neural networks","authors":"Manuela Linke, Tobias Meßmer, Gabriel Micard, Gunnar Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient and reliable operation of power grids is of great importance for ensuring a stable and uninterrupted supply of electricity. Traditional grid operation techniques have faced challenges due to the increasing integration of renewable energy sources and fluctuating demand patterns caused by the electrification of the heat and mobility sector. This paper presents a novel application of convolutional neural networks in grid operation, utilising their capabilities to recognise fault patterns and finding solutions. Different input data arrangements were investigated to reflect the relationships between neighbouring nodes as imposed by the grid topology. As disturbances we consider voltage deviations exceeding 3% of the nominal voltage or transformer and line overloads. To counteract, we use tab position changes of the transformer stations as well as remote controllable switches installed in the grid. The algorithms are trained and tested on a virtual grid based on real measurement data. Our models show excellent results with test accuracy of up to 99.06% in detecting disturbances in the grid and suggest a suitable solution without performing time-consuming load flow calculations. The proposed approach holds significant potential to address the challenges associated with modern grid operation, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements in smart energy system operation and planning

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100176

Vladimir Z. Gjorgievski , Brian Vad Mathiesen

引用次数: 0

Optimal price signal generation for demand-side energy management

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100173

Seyed Shahabaldin Tohidi, Henrik Madsen, Davide Calì, Tobias K.S. Ritschel

{"title":"Optimal price signal generation for demand-side energy management","authors":"Seyed Shahabaldin Tohidi, Henrik Madsen, Davide Calì, Tobias K.S. Ritschel","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable Energy Sources play a key role in smart energy systems. To achieve 100% renewable energy, utilizing the flexibility potential on the demand side becomes the cost-efficient option to balance the grid. However, it is not trivial to exploit these available capacities and flexibility options profitably. The amount of available flexibility is a complex and time-varying function of the price signal and weather forecasts. In this work, we use a Flexibility Function to represent the relationship between the price signal and the demand and investigate optimization problems for the price signal computation. Consequently, this study considers the higher and lower levels in the hierarchy from the markets to appliances, households, and districts. This paper investigates optimal price generation via the Flexibility Function and studies its employment in controller design for demand-side management, its capability to provide ancillary services for balancing throughout the Smart Energy Operating System, and its effect on the physical level performance. Sequential and simultaneous approaches for computing the price signal, along with various cost functions are analyzed and compared. Simulation results demonstrate the generated price/penalty signal and its employment in a model predictive controller.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Costs and benefits of afforestation with renewable electricity-based desalination: Case study for Egypt

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100174

Upeksha Caldera , Andreas Mühlbauer , Mai ElSayed , Arman Aghahosseini , Christian Breyer

{"title":"Costs and benefits of afforestation with renewable electricity-based desalination: Case study for Egypt","authors":"Upeksha Caldera , Andreas Mühlbauer , Mai ElSayed , Arman Aghahosseini , Christian Breyer","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>About 95% of Egypt is desert and 5% of the land is inhabited by more than 95% of the population. Aim of this research is to show how Egypt can make use of its plentiful renewable resources, available land area, and access to the sea, to establish cost-effective afforestation irrigated with renewable energy-based seawater desalination for land degradation mitigation. This carbon dioxide removal opportunity offers to sequester up to 0.37 GtCO<sub>2</sub> annually at an average CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration cost of 155 €/tCO<sub>2</sub> by mid-century. By 2100, a total of 34 GtCO<sub>2</sub> is estimated to be sequestered in an area of 132,500 km<sup>2</sup>. The CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration costs decrease from 420 €/tCO<sub>2</sub> in 2030, at the start of the project, to about 80 €/tCO<sub>2</sub> by 2100. Regions with cooler climate and closer to the coastline, such as the North Western region of Egypt, offer the least cost CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration with values as low as 40–50 €/tCO<sub>2</sub> by 2070. The low cost of renewable electricity, especially solar photovoltaics, and the increasing sequestration rate of trees as they mature drive down costs. This research highlights how Egypt can use afforestation with renewable energy-based desalination to sequester CO<sub>2</sub> while combatting land degradation and yielding economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of dynamic CHPP and gas boiler behaviour into the convex planning problem for the optimised operation of multimodal microgrids

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2024.100170

Maximilian Roth, Stephan Harmuth, Stephan Rinderknecht

{"title":"Integration of dynamic CHPP and gas boiler behaviour into the convex planning problem for the optimised operation of multimodal microgrids","authors":"Maximilian Roth, Stephan Harmuth, Stephan Rinderknecht","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decentralized energy systems like microgrids can be a favourable alternative to the centralized organisation of the current energy supply system. An important problem regarding microgrids is the optimisation of their operational strategy, although most works assume time-independent behaviour of microgrid components in optimisation models. Therefore, the goal of this study is the integration of the dynamic behaviour of a Gas Stirling engine combined heat and power plant and an auxiliary gas boiler in the operational planning problem of a hybrid microgrid. A dynamic optimisation model is developed and compared to a static and approximated model based on the results of three different test scenarios. The simulation results show that the integration of dynamic component characteristics has a significant impact on the operational strategy. The resulting setpoints for the control of the components are able to consider the transient behaviour of these components and therefore their real behaviour is more accurately represented within the optimisation problem. However, the integration of the dynamic modelling approaches leads to more difficult optimisation problems which require more computational effort. The approximation to a convex quadratic problem represents a good compromise between computation time and setpoint accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0