Smart Energy最新文献

Generating building-level heat demand time series by combining occupancy simulations and thermal modeling 结合使用模拟和热建模，生成建筑层热需求时间序列

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100181

Simon Malacek , José Portela , Yannick Werner , Sonja Wogrin

{"title":"Generating building-level heat demand time series by combining occupancy simulations and thermal modeling","authors":"Simon Malacek , José Portela , Yannick Werner , Sonja Wogrin","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite various efforts, decarbonizing the heating sector remains a significant challenge. To tackle it by smart planning, the availability of highly resolved heating demand data is key. Several existing models provide heating demand only for specific applications. Typically, they either offer time series for a larger area or annual demand data on a building level, but not both simultaneously. Additionally, the diversity in heating demand across different buildings is often not considered. To address these limitations, this paper presents a novel method for generating temporally resolved heat demand time series at the building level using publicly available data. The approach integrates a thermal building model with stochastic occupancy simulations that account for variability in user behavior. As a result, the tool serves as a cost-effective resource for cross-sectoral energy system planning and policy development, particularly with a focus on the heating sector. The obtained data can be used to assess the impact of renovation and retrofitting strategies, or to analyze district heating expansion. To illustrate the potential applications of this approach, we conducted a case study in Puertollano (Spain), where we prepared a dataset of heating demand with hourly resolution for each of 9,298 residential buildings. This data was then used to compare two different pathways for the thermal renovation of these buildings. By relying on publicly available data, this method can be adapted and applied to various European regions, offering broad usability in energy system optimization and analysis of decarbonization strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban Smart Energy Systems from a Climate Change Perspective: Technical, Economic and Environmental Optimization Analysis 气候变化视角下的城市智能能源系统：技术、经济和环境优化分析

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100180

Federico Battini , Andrea Menapace , Giulia Stradiotti , Ariele Zanfei , Francesco F. Nicolosi , Daniele Dalla Torre , Massimiliano Renzi , Giovanni Pernigotto , Francesco Ravazzolo , Maurizio Righetti , Andrea Gasparella , Jakob Zinck Thellufsen , Henrik Lund

{"title":"Urban Smart Energy Systems from a Climate Change Perspective: Technical, Economic and Environmental Optimization Analysis","authors":"Federico Battini , Andrea Menapace , Giulia Stradiotti , Ariele Zanfei , Francesco F. Nicolosi , Daniele Dalla Torre , Massimiliano Renzi , Giovanni Pernigotto , Francesco Ravazzolo , Maurizio Righetti , Andrea Gasparella , Jakob Zinck Thellufsen , Henrik Lund","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the growing need for sustainable urban development, energy systems modelling must provide long-term carbon-neutral solutions at the city scale while balancing competing criteria. This work introduces a multi-objective optimization approach addressing technical, economic, and environmental criteria for urban smart energy systems designed to achieve 100% renewable energy integration. The analysis incorporates climate change impacts on both energy demand and production. Two optimization strategies are evaluated using Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, as a case study. Specifically, the energy systems were modelled using EnergyPLAN, integrated with Python for automation. Grid search and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) were adopted as optimization methods to compare the advantages and limitations of two different approaches. The results show that both methods produce similar solutions on the Pareto front, with the grid search slightly outperforming due to the consideration of extreme input ranges. However, NSGA-II generated a significantly larger number of Pareto solutions, demonstrating its effectiveness in exploring the solution space more comprehensively. This study underscores the importance of incorporating climate change into multi-objective optimization for robust decision-making in the design of smart urban energy systems for sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the advantages of a multi-year-adaptive approach on cost-optimal long-term mini-grid design under different demand evolution scenarios 探讨不同需求演变情景下，多年自适应方法在成本最优长期微电网设计中的优势

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100178

Milky Ali Gelchu , Jimmy Ehnberg , Dereje Shiferaw , Erik O. Ahlgren

{"title":"Exploring the advantages of a multi-year-adaptive approach on cost-optimal long-term mini-grid design under different demand evolution scenarios","authors":"Milky Ali Gelchu , Jimmy Ehnberg , Dereje Shiferaw , Erik O. Ahlgren","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mini-grids are essential for rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa, but due to uncertainty about future demand evolution in non-electrified communities, cost-optimal long-term sizing and design is particularly difficult. Standard, non-adaptive design approaches single-year and multi-year, are highly susceptible to demand evolution uncertainties. Despite potentially great advantages there is a lack of studies investigating adaptive design approaches. Thus, this study, using particle swarm optimization, explores the advantages of a multi-year-adaptive approach on cost-optimal long-term solar PV mini-grid component sizing under three demand evolution scenarios, considering the impacts of load flexibility, varying discount rates, and potential future mini-grid component cost reductions. The results show that the multi-year-adaptive approach helps to manage demand evolution challenges. It leads to significant cost-savings, up to three-quarters, in higher demand evolution scenarios, compared to multi-year and single-year approaches. These cost-savings increase with load flexibility (up to 4 % with 10 % flexibility), higher discount rates (up to 9.4 % with rates from 7 % to 20 %), and component cost reductions (up to 3.6 % per 1 % reduction). The study demonstrates how an adaptive approach can be utilized to optimize mini-grid component sizing and enhance cost efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing district heating operations: Network modeling and its implications on system efficiency and operation 优化区域供热操作：网络建模及其对系统效率和运行的影响

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175

Pascal Friedrich , Thanh Huynh , Stefan Niessen

{"title":"Optimizing district heating operations: Network modeling and its implications on system efficiency and operation","authors":"Pascal Friedrich , Thanh Huynh , Stefan Niessen","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient utilization of local heat sources in urban areas necessitates integrating various suppliers into District Heating Systems (DHSs), considering the diverse ownership and physical characteristics of these sources. This study addresses the challenges in operational planning and pricing through local heat markets, emphasizing the importance of accurately representing the District Heating Network (DHN) physics for reliable market matching. We explore different DHN modeling approaches for day-ahead operational planning, balancing between numerical efficiency, economic viability, and operational feasibility. Our models, ranging from mixed-integer linear to non-linear, aim to maximize social welfare under steady-state conditions and are tested on small scenarios to highlight potential synergies between Heatpumps (HPs) and Combined Heat and Power Units (CHPs). Assuming regulations enable cost-competitive operations between HPs and CHP units, we anchor our energy price assumptions in 2030 forecasts for Germany. This approach allows us to highlight the techno-economic advantages of leveraging non-linear model flexibility during the transition to sustainable heat supply. The model’s operational schedules are further validated through detailed physical simulations in Modelica, revealing the impact of transient effects on actual performance, particularly the risks associated with thermo-hydraulic oscillations. The study concludes by discussing the required model complexity for effective DHS scheduling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing storage capacity in 100 % renewable electricity supply: A GIS-based approach for Italy 在100%可再生电力供应中优化存储容量：意大利基于gis的方法

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100177

Vittoria Battaglia , Aseed Ur Rehman , Laura Vanoli

{"title":"Optimizing storage capacity in 100 % renewable electricity supply: A GIS-based approach for Italy","authors":"Vittoria Battaglia , Aseed Ur Rehman , Laura Vanoli","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainability of energy systems relies on the integration of renewable local sources. This study aimed to optimize Italy's electricity supply by leveraging a hybrid PV-wind energy system, employing advanced optimization techniques. The primary goal was pinpointing the minimum storage capacity necessary for Italy's power grid in a scenario completely reliant on PV and wind energy. To achieve this, the potential of both PV and wind energy was evaluated through a GIS-based analysis, while dynamic simulation was used to estimate power generation across regions. The Mixed-integer linear programming algorithm underwent a three-step process: computing the hourly residual load for diverse PV and wind capacity combinations, determining the hourly storage requirements and ultimately identifying the mix with the least storage capacity. Applying Mixed-integer linear programming to Italy's complete PV and wind energy potential revealed a necessity for 33 TWh of storage capacity. To decrease the required storage capacity, two new scenarios were proposed: the island scenario, in which the total annual electricity production from solar and wind energy is equal to the annual electricity demand, and the peak hour scenario, where generation from PV and wind is matched to the consumption in peak hour electric demand. The economic analysis of the proposed scenarios shows that although hydrogen can be used to store enormous amounts of energy, the inefficiencies in the conversion processes make it less cost-effective compared to other technologies. Pumped-hydro storage is the most cost-effective option for energy storage. The results show that the most economically viable scenario is the island scenario with an optimal mix of 16.9 % PV and 83.1 % wind, requiring a storage capacity of 7.04 TWh and a 3.34 trillion euro investment for pump-hydro storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143290355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term energy scenario ranking with MCDA analysis: The case of Reunion Island 基于MCDA分析的长期能源情景排序：留尼旺岛案例

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2024.100171

Dominique Grondin , Chao Tang , Andrew Barney , Agnès François , Heracles Polatidis , Michel Benne , Béatrice Morel

{"title":"Long-term energy scenario ranking with MCDA analysis: The case of Reunion Island","authors":"Dominique Grondin , Chao Tang , Andrew Barney , Agnès François , Heracles Polatidis , Michel Benne , Béatrice Morel","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Island territories rely heavily on fossil fuel resources, and transitioning to other energy sources is essential for their progress. To accomplish this, it is imperative to utilize local renewable energy sources. In this study, an analysis of energy planning for Reunion Island has been conducted where Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodologies have been used to evaluate the sustainability of energy scenarios for 2050. This evaluation is carried out considering criteria encompassing technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects of the scenarios. Further, perspectives of local actors were considered in the evaluation of these criteria. The results indicate that the greenhouse gas emissions and job creation criteria are considered to be of utmost significance, whilst technical criteria were regarded as the least significant by these local stakeholders. PROMETHEE II and TOPSIS MCDA analysis reveal that the Combined scenario, a scenario where all local energy resources are exploited to their maximum, is the preferred electricity generation scenario. The findings are used to formulate policy recommendations for island planners, helping them to adjust the island's current energy strategies. This study also serves as a valuable resource for other non-interconnected islands undergoing an energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A data-based comparison of methods for reducing the peak flow rate in a district heating system 基于数据的降低区域供热系统峰值流量方法比较

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2024.100168

Felix Agner , Ulrich Trabert , Anders Rantzer , Janybek Orozaliev

{"title":"A data-based comparison of methods for reducing the peak flow rate in a district heating system","authors":"Felix Agner , Ulrich Trabert , Anders Rantzer , Janybek Orozaliev","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work concerns reduction of the peak flow rate of a district heating grid, a key system property which is bounded by pipe dimensions and pumping capacity. The peak flow rate constrains the number of additional consumers that can be connected, and may be a limiting factor in reducing supply temperatures when transitioning to the 4th generation of district heating. We evaluate a full year of operational data from a subset of customer meters in a district heating system in Germany. We consider the peak flow rate reduction that could be achieved with full a posteriori knowledge of this data. Three strategies for reducing the peak flow rate are investigated: A load shifting demand response strategy, an upper limitation in substation return temperatures, and an upper limitation on each substation’s volume flow rate. We show that imposing up to 18 % load flexibility for the customers provides an equal reduction in the peak system flow rate under the load shifting strategy. The limited return temperature strategy is less efficient at curtailing the peak flow rate, but provides an overall reduction of volume flow rates. Finally, the flow rate limitation method can introduce new, higher flow rate peaks, reducing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Power grid operation in distribution grids with convolutional neural networks 基于卷积神经网络的配电网运行

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2024.100169

Manuela Linke, Tobias Meßmer, Gabriel Micard, Gunnar Schubert

{"title":"Power grid operation in distribution grids with convolutional neural networks","authors":"Manuela Linke, Tobias Meßmer, Gabriel Micard, Gunnar Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient and reliable operation of power grids is of great importance for ensuring a stable and uninterrupted supply of electricity. Traditional grid operation techniques have faced challenges due to the increasing integration of renewable energy sources and fluctuating demand patterns caused by the electrification of the heat and mobility sector. This paper presents a novel application of convolutional neural networks in grid operation, utilising their capabilities to recognise fault patterns and finding solutions. Different input data arrangements were investigated to reflect the relationships between neighbouring nodes as imposed by the grid topology. As disturbances we consider voltage deviations exceeding 3% of the nominal voltage or transformer and line overloads. To counteract, we use tab position changes of the transformer stations as well as remote controllable switches installed in the grid. The algorithms are trained and tested on a virtual grid based on real measurement data. Our models show excellent results with test accuracy of up to 99.06% in detecting disturbances in the grid and suggest a suitable solution without performing time-consuming load flow calculations. The proposed approach holds significant potential to address the challenges associated with modern grid operation, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements in smart energy system operation and planning 智慧能源系统运行与规划研究进展

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100176

Vladimir Z. Gjorgievski , Brian Vad Mathiesen

引用次数: 0

Optimal price signal generation for demand-side energy management 需求侧能源管理的最优价格信号生成

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100173

Seyed Shahabaldin Tohidi, Henrik Madsen, Davide Calì, Tobias K.S. Ritschel

{"title":"Optimal price signal generation for demand-side energy management","authors":"Seyed Shahabaldin Tohidi, Henrik Madsen, Davide Calì, Tobias K.S. Ritschel","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable Energy Sources play a key role in smart energy systems. To achieve 100% renewable energy, utilizing the flexibility potential on the demand side becomes the cost-efficient option to balance the grid. However, it is not trivial to exploit these available capacities and flexibility options profitably. The amount of available flexibility is a complex and time-varying function of the price signal and weather forecasts. In this work, we use a Flexibility Function to represent the relationship between the price signal and the demand and investigate optimization problems for the price signal computation. Consequently, this study considers the higher and lower levels in the hierarchy from the markets to appliances, households, and districts. This paper investigates optimal price generation via the Flexibility Function and studies its employment in controller design for demand-side management, its capability to provide ancillary services for balancing throughout the Smart Energy Operating System, and its effect on the physical level performance. Sequential and simultaneous approaches for computing the price signal, along with various cost functions are analyzed and compared. Simulation results demonstrate the generated price/penalty signal and its employment in a model predictive controller.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0