Smart Energy最新文献

The principles of energy conservation by managing facility voltage levels and reactive power flow 通过管理设备电压水平和无功功率流来节约能源的原则

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100197

P.K. Ngongo , A.M.A. Almaktoof , M.T.E. Kahn

{"title":"The principles of energy conservation by managing facility voltage levels and reactive power flow","authors":"P.K. Ngongo , A.M.A. Almaktoof , M.T.E. Kahn","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive power optimization and voltage control are essential for the efficient operation of power systems. Effective management of these factors reduces energy losses and improves both economic performance and system security. In South Africa, the nominal phase voltage level is set at 220V, with an allowable range between 209V and 231V (±5 %). To ensure that the supply voltage stays within this acceptable range, the grid often provides a voltage higher than the nominal 220V at which most electrical equipment is designed to operate. Consequently, the equipment consumes more power without any improvement in performance. Additionally, while the grid supplies both real and reactive power, only the real power consumed is billed. To address the cost of unbillable reactive power, a power factor penalty is implemented. The practice of controlling supply voltage levels and enhancing the power factor is known as volt-var optimization. This approach involves regulating voltage levels and reactive power to maximize energy efficiency. This paper employs a model-based Volt-var optimization technique to illustrate how facilities can reduce energy waste. The findings indicate that, for facility system losses estimated at 5 %, reducing the useable voltage from 400V nominal to 380V can achieve a percentage loss reduction of 0.487 %. This saving is directly proportional to the difference between the useable and nominal voltages. Furthermore, optimizing the power factor from 0.85 lagging to unity results in a percentage loss reduction of 1.388 %. This saving is indirectly proportional to how closely the inherent power factor approaches unity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital twin-based smart heating system with a condensing boiler 带冷凝锅炉的数字双体智能供暖系统

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100198

Volodymyr Voloshchuk, Inna Bilous, Pavlo Novikov, Oleksandr Stepanets, Anastasiya Zakharchenko

{"title":"Digital twin-based smart heating system with a condensing boiler","authors":"Volodymyr Voloshchuk, Inna Bilous, Pavlo Novikov, Oleksandr Stepanets, Anastasiya Zakharchenko","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving energy efficiency in residential space heating has a key role to play for achieving the goal of carbon-neutrality. Condensing boilers for providing heating can achieve significantly higher efficiency than conventional ones due to possibility to recover latent heat of vaporization from the flue gas. But it can be achieved when return temperature of heating system is sufficiently low (below the dew temperature of the flue gas), which directly depends on real thermal modes of the heating system. So, development of methods and tools that can use data under real operating conditions and have possibilities to find the most efficient modes is crucial for improving performance of such system. Implementation of these methods should be based on mathematical modeling or simulation. The model should be automatically fitted to current measurements. The paper presents development of a digital twin-based smart heating system, which includes a condensing boiler. The proposed framework of a digital twin (DT) takes advantage of the latest technologies in information technology, which could be applied for real-time information interchange between the physical system and its virtual copy to achieve energy efficient operation modes. A methodology and a user-friendly interface, which are easy to use and navigate, have been developed for estimation of energy efficient solutions in the studied system. It has been demonstrated that the biggest increase in boiler efficiency (by 6.6 %) can be achieved by switching to low-temperature heating systems. Applying intermittent heating is in second place in terms of the possibility of increasing boiler efficiency (up to 1.5 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solar prosumage under different pricing regimes: Interactions with the transmission grid 不同定价制度下的太阳能产量：与输电网的相互作用

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100193

Dana Kirchem , Mario Kendziorski , Enno Wiebrow , Wolf-Peter Schill , Claudia Kemfert , Christian von Hirschhausen

{"title":"Solar prosumage under different pricing regimes: Interactions with the transmission grid","authors":"Dana Kirchem , Mario Kendziorski , Enno Wiebrow , Wolf-Peter Schill , Claudia Kemfert , Christian von Hirschhausen","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Residential electricity consumers equipped with photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery storage, also referred to as solar prosumers, are transforming electricity markets. While previous research has dealt with various aspects of solar prosumage, dedicated analyses of their interactions with the transmission grid under varying tariff designs are sparse. We explore the influence of different pricing regimes on prosumer investment and dispatch decisions and their subsequent impact on the transmission grid. Using an integrated modeling approach that combines two open-source dispatch, investment and grid models, we simulate prosumage behavior in Germany’s electricity market under real-time or time-invariant pricing, as well as under zonal or nodal pricing. Our findings show that zonal pricing favors prosumer investments, while time-invariant pricing rather hinders it. In comparison, regional solar availability emerges as a larger driver for rooftop PV investments. The impact of prosumer strategies on grid congestion remains limited within the scope of our model-setup, in which home batteries cannot be used for energy arbitrage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decarbonizing semiconductor manufacturing: cost-competitiveness of PV-based green hydrogen production 脱碳半导体制造：基于pv的绿色制氢的成本竞争力

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100192

Davide Trapani, Paolo Marocco, Marta Gandiglio, Massimo Santarelli

{"title":"Decarbonizing semiconductor manufacturing: cost-competitiveness of PV-based green hydrogen production","authors":"Davide Trapani, Paolo Marocco, Marta Gandiglio, Massimo Santarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hard-to-abate industries heavily depend on fossil fuels and low-cost fossil-based feedstocks, significantly contributing to energy-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Therefore, a cost-effective transition towards low-carbon solutions becomes imperative. This study investigates the cost-competitiveness of decarbonizing semiconductor manufacturing by switching from conventional grey hydrogen supply to on-site green hydrogen production in a power-to-hydrogen (P-t-H) system. A silicon wafer production facility with an annual hydrogen demand of approximately 110 tonnes is considered as a case study. An optimization framework based on a metaheuristic approach is developed for the cost-optimal design of the P-t-H system, while the ε-constraint technique is applied to investigate multiple decarbonization targets. The findings indicate that fully relying on grey hydrogen remains the most cost-effective strategy, resulting in a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of 4 €/kg but emitting 1045 tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> annually. As grey hydrogen consumption is limited to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, the LCOH increases exhibiting distinct trends. For decarbonization targets up to 70 %, the LCOH steadily rises to 6.10 €/kg, while stricter CO<sub>2</sub> emissions constraints cause a steeper increase in the hydrogen production cost, reaching 10.51 €/kg in the fully decarbonized scenario. Achieving complete decarbonization requires scaling up the P-t-H components, particularly the pressurized storage tank, which becomes essential for a reliable hydrogen supply. Grid electricity import can prevent the system oversizing, thus boosting the cost-competitiveness of green hydrogen production. Conventional hydrogen supply remains cost-efficient for grey hydrogen purchase prices up to 6 €/kg, while above this threshold integrating on-site green hydrogen production becomes beneficial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IoT-Driven smart energy management with a closed PEMFC-PEMEC loop: A sustainable approach to decarbonizing flexible buildings in London 物联网驱动的智能能源管理与封闭的PEMFC-PEMEC循环：伦敦柔性建筑脱碳的可持续方法

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100191

Araz Emami, Ata Chitsaz, Amirali Nouri

{"title":"IoT-Driven smart energy management with a closed PEMFC-PEMEC loop: A sustainable approach to decarbonizing flexible buildings in London","authors":"Araz Emami, Ata Chitsaz, Amirali Nouri","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buildings with energy-flexible technologies such as electric heating, smart DSM, and advanced PEMFC systems, offer innovative ways to reduce grid dependency during peak demand and enhance energy resilience. By aligning variable spot price tariffs with intelligent control strategies based on environmental conditions, occupancy, and energy pricing, these systems help lower peak loads and promote sustainable energy use. This study proposes an integrated, digitized energy flexible system combining demand-side management (DSM), smart controls, and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to enhance building energy performance under variable electricity pricing. Using TRNSYS simulations of a four-story UK building, the model incorporates machine learning and IoT data (occupancy, weather, and energy tariffs) to forecast energy demands and guide system operation. Sensitivity analyses and surface plots identified optimal operating points for electrolyzer temperature (around 70–75 °C) and ambient conditions (above 20 °C), which maximized hydrogen production and improved PEMEC efficiency (up to 84 %). The system maintained indoor temperatures between 17 and 21 °C and hot water and underfloor heating within 45 °C–55 °C, while reducing electricity usage during peak periods. These results highlight the potential of intelligent, flexible control strategies to achieve cost savings, thermal comfort, and improved energy resilience in smart buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electric vehicle charging emissions under different control strategies and temporal resolutions: Case study for Australia 不同控制策略和时间分辨率下的电动汽车充电排放：澳大利亚案例研究

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100190

Kriengsak Fungyai , Rob Passey , Baran Yildiz

{"title":"Electric vehicle charging emissions under different control strategies and temporal resolutions: Case study for Australia","authors":"Kriengsak Fungyai , Rob Passey , Baran Yildiz","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) presents both challenges and opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While EVs are essential for decarbonising the transport sector, the emissions from charging vary greatly depending on the generation mix at the time. This study investigates the impact of various EV charging strategies on GHG emissions in different regions in the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). The study focuses on four key charging strategies–Control Tariff, Timer, Solar Soak, and Convenience Charging. Using real-world data, the analysis evaluates both average and marginal emissions across regions with varying levels of renewable energy integration. Sensitivity analysis showed that coarser temporal resolution in emissions calculations can lead to variances of up to 6.3 %, emphasising the importance of using higher resolution data when available. It was found that the Solar Soak strategy is the most effective in minimising EV charging emissions and can also help with challenges associated with increasing solar exports in the distribution network. The choice between average and marginal emissions intensity factors is also critical in determining outcomes. In Tasmania and South Australia, where renewable energy sources dominate, the use of marginal emission factors resulted in higher EV charging emissions than average emissions due to their reliance on coal and gas as the marginal generators. The sensitivity analysis carried out with emissions data between 2019 and 2023 revealed a negative relationship between renewable energy fraction and emissions intensity and highlighted the importance of aligning EV charging with high renewable generation periods to achieve maximum GHG reductions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the impact of green finance, technological innovation, mineral resources, and carbon tax on the green energy transition 探讨绿色金融、技术创新、矿产资源、碳税对绿色能源转型的影响

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100189

Mei Dong , Cai Li , Agyemang Kwasi Sampene

{"title":"Exploring the impact of green finance, technological innovation, mineral resources, and carbon tax on the green energy transition","authors":"Mei Dong , Cai Li , Agyemang Kwasi Sampene","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving global carbon neutrality necessitates a decisive transition to clean energy sources. This study examines the dynamic relationships between green finance, mineral resources, technological innovation, carbon taxation, and the green energy transition (GET) within the Nordic energy market from 1995 to 2021. Motivated by the urgent need to understand the key drivers and barriers to sustainable energy adoption, this study employed a robust panel data technique, including Driscoll and Kraay standard errors, cross-sectional dependency tests, and heterogeneity tests, to ensure reliable and generalizable findings. Results from the study confirmed that mineral resources, technological innovation, and green finance play a significant role in promoting the shift to clean energy. In contrast, a carbon tax may negatively hinder this transition by increasing operational costs for energy firms. Furthermore, the causality analysis reveals a unidirectional influence of carbon tax, mineral resources, and technological innovation on GET, as well as a bidirectional relationship between green finance and GET. These findings underscore the importance of carefully designed carbon tax policies and increased support for innovation and green finance to drive the clean energy transition effectively. Additionally, enhanced support for technological innovation, sustainable mineral resource management, and green finance initiatives is essential for accelerating the clean energy transition. This study offers novel empirical insights with significant policy implications to inform Nordic and global efforts toward sustainable energy futures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating bottom-up GIS and machine learning models for spatial-temporal analysis of electric mobility impact on power system 基于自底向上GIS和机器学习模型的电动交通对电力系统影响的时空分析

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100185

Corrado Maria Caminiti, Davide Fratelli, Matteo Spiller, Aleksandar Dimovski, Marco Merlo

{"title":"Integrating bottom-up GIS and machine learning models for spatial-temporal analysis of electric mobility impact on power system","authors":"Corrado Maria Caminiti, Davide Fratelli, Matteo Spiller, Aleksandar Dimovski, Marco Merlo","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ongoing electrification in the light-duty transportation sector represents a pivotal shift that deeply influences electricity distribution networks’ operations, introducing a peculiar demand profile characterised by spatial and temporal variability. To address these challenges posed by the increasing adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs), this work integrates a Machine Learning (ML) model for the vehicle selection procedure in a holistic Spatial-Temporal Model (STM) that accurately simulates the most typical stochastic behaviour within the transportation and electricity networks. The methodology assesses traffic behaviour, evaluates the grid impact of charging processes, and extends the analysis to flexibility services, particularly the provision of primary frequency regulation. The methodology is applied to the Lombardy region in Italy, adopting the 2030 e-mobility scenario defined by policymakers as a reference. This framework selects EVs diverting from linear probabilistic extraction models based on penetration rates by exploiting behavioural patterns and the socio-economic characterisation of EV drivers. Relying purely on open-source data, the work demonstrates the frequency regulation potential of EVs fostered by smart charging algorithms, which increase the power band available for grid services. The results of the procedure provide actionable insights for grid operators and urban planners, bridging the gap between transportation and electrical infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the role of storage and thermoelectric plants in the energy transition: a short- and medium-term scenario analysis with Italy as a case study 评估储能和热电厂在能源转型中的作用：以意大利为例的短期和中期情景分析

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100186

Andrea Franzoso, Michel Noussan, Paolo Marocco, Marco Badami, Gabriele Fambri, Marta Gandiglio

{"title":"Assessing the role of storage and thermoelectric plants in the energy transition: a short- and medium-term scenario analysis with Italy as a case study","authors":"Andrea Franzoso, Michel Noussan, Paolo Marocco, Marco Badami, Gabriele Fambri, Marta Gandiglio","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global warming is pushing many countries worldwide to adopt decarbonization strategies aimed at reducing the dependence on fossil fuels. The successful development of these strategies critically depends on the ability to model and evaluate alternative options, thereby enabling policymakers to identify and implement the most effective solutions. In this context, the present study introduces a detailed operational analysis of the Italian energy system under the 2030 and 2040 horizons, based on authoritative scenarios developed by national transmission system operators. The primary goal is to complement these scenarios by highlighting short- and medium-term operational challenges, particularly concerning the role of thermoelectric power plants and electricity storage systems. To this aim, a set of key performance indicators is introduced to systematically assess scenario impacts. The analysis captures the effects of rising electricity demand, driven by the diffusion of electric vehicles and heat pumps, on system operation, highlighting a projected 25% increase in peak demand along with an 8.3% increase in peak thermoelectric generation. Despite a marked decline in the capacity factor of thermoelectric power plants (from 0.54 to 0.18), these units remain essential to meet demand during extended periods of low renewable generation, with peak capacity requirements remaining close to 40 GW. The results also underscore the role of electricity storage in providing short-term flexibility. However, the benefits of additional storage become marginal beyond 230 GWh of capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generating building-level heat demand time series by combining occupancy simulations and thermal modeling 结合使用模拟和热建模，生成建筑层热需求时间序列

IF 5.4

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2025.100181

Simon Malacek , José Portela , Yannick Werner , Sonja Wogrin

{"title":"Generating building-level heat demand time series by combining occupancy simulations and thermal modeling","authors":"Simon Malacek , José Portela , Yannick Werner , Sonja Wogrin","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2025.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite various efforts, decarbonizing the heating sector remains a significant challenge. To tackle it by smart planning, the availability of highly resolved heating demand data is key. Several existing models provide heating demand only for specific applications. Typically, they either offer time series for a larger area or annual demand data on a building level, but not both simultaneously. Additionally, the diversity in heating demand across different buildings is often not considered. To address these limitations, this paper presents a novel method for generating temporally resolved heat demand time series at the building level using publicly available data. The approach integrates a thermal building model with stochastic occupancy simulations that account for variability in user behavior. As a result, the tool serves as a cost-effective resource for cross-sectoral energy system planning and policy development, particularly with a focus on the heating sector. The obtained data can be used to assess the impact of renovation and retrofitting strategies, or to analyze district heating expansion. To illustrate the potential applications of this approach, we conducted a case study in Puertollano (Spain), where we prepared a dataset of heating demand with hourly resolution for each of 9,298 residential buildings. This data was then used to compare two different pathways for the thermal renovation of these buildings. By relying on publicly available data, this method can be adapted and applied to various European regions, offering broad usability in energy system optimization and analysis of decarbonization strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0