Smart Energy最新文献_第10页

Scheduling power-to-ammonia plants considering uncertainty and periodicity of electricity prices 考虑电价不确定性和周期性的制氨电厂调度

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100113

Shunchao Wang , Pengfei Zhang , Tuo Zhuo , Hua Ye

{"title":"Scheduling power-to-ammonia plants considering uncertainty and periodicity of electricity prices","authors":"Shunchao Wang , Pengfei Zhang , Tuo Zhuo , Hua Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing affordable and scalable energy storage solutions are essential to decarbonizing power systems. The conversion of renewable electricity into chemical energy carriers such as ammonia has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry. Many Power-to-Ammonia (PtA) plants have been conceptualized and developed worldwide in recent years. The PtA plant is an integration of multiple electrochemical processes, each with a distinct set of operational constraints and cost structure. One of the problems in the operation of PtA plants is the optimal scheduling of the hydrogen buffer in PtA plants considering the operational characteristics of electrochemical processes and the volatility and uncertainty of electricity prices. In this paper, a two-stage Markov-Decision-Process (MDP) approach is proposed. The computational challenges brought by the infinite optimization horizon and non-concavity of cost functions are resolved. The first stage solution is based on the periodic MDP approach, which captures the periodic structure of electricity prices. The second stage solution gives optimal real-time decisions based on a rolling-horizon MDP approach. Numerical results show that the accurate representations of the cost functions and the optimization horizon using the proposed method are necessary, while the linearization of cost functions and the truncation of the optimization horizon lead to notable deviations from the optimality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47945249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green hydrogen production: Integrating environmental and social criteria to ensure sustainability 绿色制氢:整合环境和社会标准以确保可持续性

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100112

Marina Blohm , Franziska Dettner

{"title":"Green hydrogen production: Integrating environmental and social criteria to ensure sustainability","authors":"Marina Blohm , Franziska Dettner","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen is experiencing an unprecedented global hype. Hydrogen is globally discussed as a possible future energy carrier and regarded as the urgently needed building block for the much needed carbon-neutral energy transition of hard-to-abate sectors to mitigate the effects of global warming. This article provides synthesised, measurable sustainability criteria for analysing green hydrogen production proposals and strategies. Drawn from expert interviews and an extensive literature review this article proposes that a sustainable hydrogen production should consider six impact categories; <em>Energy transition, Environment, Basic needs, Socio-economy, Electricity supply,</em> and <em>Project planning</em>. The categories are broken down into sixteen measurable sustainability criteria, which are determined with related indicators. The article concludes that low economic costs can never be the only decisive criterion for the hydrogen production; social aspects must be integrated along the entire value chain. The compliance with the criteria may avoid social and ecological injustices in the planning of green hydrogen projects and increases inter alia the social welfare of the affected population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47501842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Evaluating near-optimal scenarios with EnergyPLAN to support policy makers 使用EnergyPLAN评估接近最优的方案，以支持政策制定者

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100100

Matteo Giacomo Prina , Rasmus Magni Johannsen , Wolfram Sparber , Poul Alberg Østergaard

{"title":"Evaluating near-optimal scenarios with EnergyPLAN to support policy makers","authors":"Matteo Giacomo Prina , Rasmus Magni Johannsen , Wolfram Sparber , Poul Alberg Østergaard","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energy system modelling may support policymakers in their energy planning efforts. Energy system modellers usually identify the optimal system configuration based on an economic objective function, or in multi-objective optimization, a combination of multiple objectives such as greenhouse gas emissions and total system cost. However, there could be political, socio-economic, or environmental reasons justifying a policymaker's selection of a solution that is slightly more costly or greenhouse gas polluting than the uniquely optimal solution. Solely focusing on the uniquely optimal solution disregards potentially diverse alternatives, which based on different evaluation metrics could even be preferable. In response to this challenge, the evaluation of near-optimal solutions is gaining attention in the energy system modelling field as an extension of traditional multi-objective optimization studies and as a way to bridge the gap between simulation and optimization approaches. In this study, we explore near-optimal solutions, outline the diversity of near-optimal solutions, and evaluate the relevance of these solutions in the context of energy planning. The proposed methodology is applied to the Italian case to determine its potential as a tool to support policymakers in evaluating energy system scenarios from a selection of optimal and near-optimal solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43113023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Testing and evaluation of a smart controller for reducing peak loads and return temperatures in district heating networks 用于降低区域供热网络峰值负荷和返回温度的智能控制器的测试和评估

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100105

Tijs Van Oevelen , Thomas Neven , Aurélien Brès , Ralf-Roman Schmidt , Dirk Vanhoudt

{"title":"Testing and evaluation of a smart controller for reducing peak loads and return temperatures in district heating networks","authors":"Tijs Van Oevelen , Thomas Neven , Aurélien Brès , Ralf-Roman Schmidt , Dirk Vanhoudt","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A smart demand response control system aiming towards real-time operational optimisation of district heating (DH) network temperature levels, both in the return and supply pipes, has been developed in the TEMPO project. The return temperature is mainly dependent on the demand side. The controller optimises its value through control of the customers’ heat load. The network supply temperature, however, is directly controllable on the production side. The capabilities of supply temperature control are twofold. On the one hand, lowering the network supply temperature as close as possible to the limits determined by customer thermal demands. On the other hand, activating the intrinsic thermal capacity of the piping to temporarily store heat and thereby shifting the heat load in time. This provides additional energy flexibility potential on top of building demand response.</p><p>In this study, the two features of the smart control system have been tested in a part of the DH network of Brescia (Italy). A cloud-based platform is used to collect real-time data from various sources and to communicate control signals calculated by the smart controller. The article presents the results of the tests and an evaluation of the controller performance. The analysis indicates that daily flow-weighted average return temperature reductions of almost 1 K on average can be achieved, and up to 15 K instantaneously. Using supply temperature control, the daily peak load energy supply could be reduced by 262 kWh (34%) on average, by shifting the heat load.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44520008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Energy scenarios for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area towards a sustainable 2050: A TIMES-VEDA analysis 大坎帕拉都市区迈向2050年可持续发展的能源情景：TIMES-VEDA分析

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100099

Ismail Kimuli, Gary Goldstein, Michael Lubwama, John Bosco Kirabira, Adam Sebbit

{"title":"Energy scenarios for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area towards a sustainable 2050: A TIMES-VEDA analysis","authors":"Ismail Kimuli, Gary Goldstein, Michael Lubwama, John Bosco Kirabira, Adam Sebbit","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study develops energy scenarios for Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA). GKMA is Uganda's capital metropolis with no focused energy policy framework. The study uses TIMES-VEDA to assess sustainable low-carbon development using BAU, Kabejja, Carbon-Tax, and Lutta scenarios. The study examines commercial, industrial, transportation, residential, agricultural, and electricity generation activities that support economic development. BAU is the baseline case with limited commitment to a low-carbon future. Kabejja, Carbon-Tax, and Lutta are the alternative scenarios with distinct carbon abatement policies. The bottom-up analysis suggests that should policy trends continue as BAU, consumption, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions upsurge significantly. However, consumption and carbon emissions lessen as the energy management system tends to a near-zero carbon abatement strategy. Lutta is the best pathway for a sustainable future, provided the metropolis adopts the low-carbon electrification of the GKMA energy policy, with the setting up of an electrified Kampala metro becoming the central focus for future policy shifts over the planning horizon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42960823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How replacing fossil fuels with electrofuels could influence the demand for renewable energy and land area 用电燃料替代化石燃料将如何影响对可再生能源的需求和土地面积

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100107

Anders Winther Rennuit-Mortensen , Kasper Dalgas Rasmussen , Maria Grahn

{"title":"How replacing fossil fuels with electrofuels could influence the demand for renewable energy and land area","authors":"Anders Winther Rennuit-Mortensen , Kasper Dalgas Rasmussen , Maria Grahn","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During recent years, electrofuels (fuels from electricity, water, and carbon) have gained increased interest as substitute for fossil fuels in all energy and chemical sectors. The feasibility of electrofuels has been assessed from a range of aspects but no study has assessed the land area needed if scaling up the production based on renewables. The amount of land on Earth is limited and the competition for land, in a long-term perspective, imposes a risk of, e.g., increased food prices and biodiversity losses. The aim of this paper is to assess how much land area it would require if all fossil fuels were substituted by electrofuels (‘All electrofuel’-scenario) and compare this with the area needed if all fossil fuels were substituted by bioenergy (‘All biomass’-scenario) or by electricity (‘All electric’-scenario). Each scenario represents extreme cases towards fully renewable energy systems to outline the theoretical area needed. Main conclusions are (1) the electricity demand, if substituting all fossil fuels with electrofuels, is huge (1540 EJ) but technically obtainable, demanding 1.1% of the Earth's surface, for solar panels, in the most optimistic case, and (2) the sustainable technical potential for biomass cannot alone substitute all fossil fuels, unless radical energy demand reductions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47414730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sector coupling of electricity, transport and cooling with high share integration of renewables in Indonesia 印尼电力、交通和制冷行业的耦合与可再生能源的高份额整合

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100102

Yudha Irmansyah Siregar, Bernd Möller

{"title":"Sector coupling of electricity, transport and cooling with high share integration of renewables in Indonesia","authors":"Yudha Irmansyah Siregar, Bernd Möller","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sector coupling improves energy system efficiency by maximising potential synergies among energy sectors. This paper aims to assess the sector coupling of electricity, transport, and cooling on the Java and Bali islands, Indonesia. Future energy systems in 2040, focussing on decarbonised electricity sector with high electric vehicles deployment and district cooling penetration, were simulated using EnergyPLAN. A bottom-up calculation approach was applied to determine demand in the transport sector. In the cooling sector, geospatial analysis was employed to quantify cooling demand and locate potential district cooling networks in Jakarta. Six scenarios were explored based on their energy demand and supply characteristics. Modelling results show that the sector coupling of three sectors could reduce primary energy supply (PES), CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and annual costs. The most suitable scenario has about 8% lower PES, 14% lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and 2% less annual costs compared to the business-as-usual scenario. Results also show that transport electrification could only effectively and significantly decrease CO<sub>2</sub> emissions if its electricity demand is produced from renewables. Transport electrification with large scale integration of renewables could also lower the annual costs by decreasing fossil fuel costs in the transport and electricity sectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45449132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Communal or individual – Exploring cost-efficient heating of new city-level housing in a systems perspective 公共或个人-从系统的角度探索新的城市级住房的成本效益供暖

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100097

Karl Vilén , Sujeetha Selvakkumaran , Erik O. Ahlgren

{"title":"Communal or individual – Exploring cost-efficient heating of new city-level housing in a systems perspective","authors":"Karl Vilén , Sujeetha Selvakkumaran , Erik O. Ahlgren","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As cities expand, new buildings are constructed and they require heating. With increasing integration of the heating and electricity sectors and forecasts of rapid growth in electricity demand, heating choices become critical for the sustainability transition. The main heating options are communal or individual, where the communal option is represented by district heating (DH) and the individual option mainly by heat pumps or biomass heating. Which option is best from the cost perspective depends on the building type and on the energy system development. Thus, this paper investigates cost-efficient heating of new city-level housing in a systems perspective under various scenarios.</p><p>The investigation was carried out using an energy systems optimization model based on a case representing Swedish conditions. A dynamic approach was used to investigate cost-efficient development of the supply side and demand side simultaneously.</p><p>The results indicate that the most cost-efficient heating systems are: DH for apartment buildings; and individual heating options for single-family housing with low heat demands. For large single-family housing with high heat demands, the cost-efficient solution depends on the heat demand profile. Higher heat use during winter favors DH and individual biomass boilers, but diminishes the economic feasibility of individual heat pumps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47238059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The effect of low-carbon processes on industrial excess heat potentials for district heating in the EU: A GIS-based analysis 低碳工艺对欧盟区域供暖工业余热潜力的影响：基于GIS的分析

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100103

Pia Manz , Tobias Fleiter , Wolfgang Eichhammer

{"title":"The effect of low-carbon processes on industrial excess heat potentials for district heating in the EU: A GIS-based analysis","authors":"Pia Manz , Tobias Fleiter , Wolfgang Eichhammer","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excess heat from industrial processes can be utilized in district heating networks, thereby reducing the primary energy demand and possibly the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for generating district heating. Numerous studies found a substantial potential of industrial excess heat, but have not systematically considered future changes in the energy system that will affect its utilization potential. Industrial production is set to transform to low-carbon processes and district heating needs to be generated without the use of fossil fuels. We quantify industrial excess heat using spatial matching for the EU-27, and considering the impact of the transformation to a climate-neutral energy system. The first step identifies excess heat potentials from energy-intensive industries as point sources, and considers process changes. The subsequent step spatially matches these excess heat potentials to district heating areas using a GIS-based approach. The results show that the amount of available excess heat will decrease significantly due to industry transformation. At the same time, the utilization could be increased due to lower district heating system temperatures and expanding district heating areas, resulting in 3–36 TWh per year. At local level, industrial excess heat can make a significant contribution to the supply of district heating in the future, but the major share will need to come from renewables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41647014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Decarbonization of district heating and deep retrofits of buildings as competing or synergetic strategies for the implementation of the efficiency first principle 区域供暖脱碳和建筑深度改造是实施效率第一原则的竞争或协同战略

Smart Energy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.segy.2023.100096

Eftim Popovski , Mario Ragwitz , Heike Brugger

{"title":"Decarbonization of district heating and deep retrofits of buildings as competing or synergetic strategies for the implementation of the efficiency first principle","authors":"Eftim Popovski , Mario Ragwitz , Heike Brugger","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2023.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper discusses the compatibility of district heating (DH) networks with deep retrofits of buildings under various European climate conditions and city typologies. The study analyses five cities with different DH market shares, climate zones, population densities, and transferability potentials. First, we have forecasted population, heated floor area, and share of floor area per construction period until 2050, and then calculated three different heat demand scenarios for varying building refurbishment rates of 1%, 2%, and 3% of the total floor area. Second, future suitable DH regions with min 25 GWh/km<sup>2</sup> networks were identified. By applying a bottom-up GIS model, based on the type of city area, number of buildings, street length, and heat density, the DH distribution capital and operation costs were calculated. Lastly, to compare the total cost of heat supply for each scenario, the cost of individual heat per building type was calculated.</p><p>The results show that even in the scenarios with high refurbishment rates of 3%, high percentage of the built-up areas, between 23% and 68% depending on the city typology, are suitable for DH supply in 2050. The share of DH from the total heat supply varies between 49% and 83%. An increase of the DH price between 14% and 35%, depending on the scenario and case study can be expected due to the reduced heat densities compared to the current ones. Nevertheless, maximizing the DH connection rates in the identified regions leads to lower total cost of heat in almost all the analysed case studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42583370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3