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PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)最新文献

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The Rising Tide: Answering the Right Questions in the Inequality Debate 涨潮:在不平等辩论中回答正确的问题
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-05-25 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2789023
Ryan Young, I. Murray
{"title":"The Rising Tide: Answering the Right Questions in the Inequality Debate","authors":"Ryan Young, I. Murray","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2789023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2789023","url":null,"abstract":"In a companion paper, “People Not Ratios: Why the Debate over Income Inequality Asks the Wrong Questions,” we argue that many inequality activists have been asking and answering the wrong questions in their quest to help the poor. Instead of analyzing the mathematical ratios between high and low incomes, poor people are better served by higher living standards. This paper proposes a policy agenda to raise living standards for poor people around the world.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"325 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127987358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Rising Top Incomes Lead to Increased Borrowing in the Rest of the Distribution? 高收入人群的增加会导致其他人群的借贷增加吗?
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2016.046
Jeffrey Thompson
{"title":"Do Rising Top Incomes Lead to Increased Borrowing in the Rest of the Distribution?","authors":"Jeffrey Thompson","doi":"10.17016/FEDS.2016.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2016.046","url":null,"abstract":"One potential consequence of rising concentration of income at the top of the distribution is increased borrowing, as less affluent households attempt to maintain standards of living with less income. This paper explores the “keeping up with the Joneses” phenomenon using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances. Specifically, it examines the responsiveness of payment-to-income ratios for different debt types at different parts of the income distribution to changes in the income thresholds at the 95th and 99th percentiles. The analysis provides some evidence indicating that household debt payments are responsive to rising top incomes. Middle and upper-middle income households take on more housing-related debt and have higher housing debt payment to income ratios in places with higher top income levels. Among households at the bottom of the income distribution there is a decline in non-mortgage borrowing and debt payments in areas with rising top-income levels, consistent with restrictions in the supply of credit. The analysis also consistently shows that 95th percentile income has a greater influence on borrowing and debt payment across in the rest of the distribution than the more affluent 99th percentile level.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134109048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Неравенство и Экономический Рост: Эмпирические Оценки Для Зарубежных Стран и России (Inequality and Economic Growth: An Empirical Evaluation of Foreign Countries and Russia)
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-04-20 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2770986
M. Kazakova, T. Kiblitskaya, I. Lubimov, K. Nesterova
{"title":"Неравенство и Экономический Рост: Эмпирические Оценки Для Зарубежных Стран и России (Inequality and Economic Growth: An Empirical Evaluation of Foreign Countries and Russia)","authors":"M. Kazakova, T. Kiblitskaya, I. Lubimov, K. Nesterova","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2770986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2770986","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: В середине XX века господствовало представление о положительном влиянии неравенства в распределении доходов на экономический рост. Представители классического подхода объясняют это тем, что концентрирование богатства позволяет инвестировать в экономику, в то время как политика перераспределения ограничивает возможности для экономического развития. Однако, с другой стороны, существует ряд каналов, по которым неравенство может негативно влиять на экономический рост: несовершенство кредитного рынка, угроза социально-политической стабильности, ограничение инвестиций в человеческий капитал, и т. д. В настоящей работе мы попробуем подтвердить или опровергнуть существование взаимосвязи между темпами экономического роста и неравенством доходов.English Abstract: In the middle of the XX century, the conception of the positive impact of income inequality on economic growth. Representatives of the classical approach is explained by the fact that the concentration of wealth allows you to invest in the economy, while the redistribution policy limits the possibilities for economic development. However, on the other hand, there are a number of channels through which inequality can have a negative impact on economic growth: credit market imperfections, the threat to social and political stability, limiting investment in human capital, etc. In this paper we will try to confirm or deny the existence of the relationship between economic growth and income inequality.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114830788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dual Labor Market 二元劳动力市场
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-02-16 DOI: 10.1002/9781118663219.WBEGSS529
Andrzej Klimczuk, M. Klimczuk-Kochańska
{"title":"Dual Labor Market","authors":"Andrzej Klimczuk, M. Klimczuk-Kochańska","doi":"10.1002/9781118663219.WBEGSS529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663219.WBEGSS529","url":null,"abstract":"The dual labor market theory is one of the primary explanations for the gender differences in earnings. It shows that gender inequality and stereotypes lead to employment of men and women in different segments of the labor market characterized by various incomes. This theory is based on the hypothesis that such markets are divided into segments, which are divided by different rules of conduct for workers and employers. Differences also include production conditions, terms of employment, productivity of employees, and the characteristics of the workers' jobs. This labor division is related to employee characteristics such as gender, age, and race that define their work environment and lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133000252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Federation, Income Distribution and Political Stability 联邦、收入分配与政治稳定
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-12-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2709431
M. Georgiou
{"title":"Federation, Income Distribution and Political Stability","authors":"M. Georgiou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2709431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2709431","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper an attempt has been made to point out that a federal system as well as a better income distribution foster political stability. The econometric model used with panel data is based on the Eviews software package.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"8 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114109920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Explaining Inequality and Poverty Reduction in Bolivia 解释玻利维亚的不平等与减贫
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.5089/9781513529608.001.A001
J. Vargas, Santiago Garriga
{"title":"Explaining Inequality and Poverty Reduction in Bolivia","authors":"J. Vargas, Santiago Garriga","doi":"10.5089/9781513529608.001.A001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513529608.001.A001","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the factors driving Bolivia's success in reducing inequality and poverty during the last 15 years. Our evidence suggests that the reduction was driven mainly by labor income growth at the bottom end of the income distribution. Increases in non-labor income (rents, transfers, remittances) also played a role, but a smaller one, although the introduction of Renta Dignidad has made a big difference for the elderly poor. Labor income increases were concentrated in the informal, low-skilled service and manufacturing sectors. As the gains from the commodity boom go into reverse, and the fiscal envelope becomes much tighter, it will be essential that labor and social policies are well designed and targeted to preserve the poverty and inequality reduction of the last 15 years.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114799631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Do Corporations Increase Inequality? 企业加剧了不平等吗?
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2697188
E. McGaughey
{"title":"Do Corporations Increase Inequality?","authors":"E. McGaughey","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2697188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2697188","url":null,"abstract":"Do corporations increase inequality? Rising inequality of income and wealth has recently been linked to corporate governance, but closer analysis is still developing. This article provides a conceptual grammar to understand the problem. Which ‘significantly distributive rules’ affect the income of executives and directors, employees, retirement savers and shareholding intermediaries the most? Evidence of legal change since 1900, compared with changes in the top 1% of income earners, shows remarkably common outcomes across three major ‘varieties’ of jurisdiction: the UK, Germany and the US. First, executive pay began rising, not just when shareholders generally lost a binding ‘say on pay’ in the 1970s, but when institutional shareholders could monopolise pay decisions. Second, inequality was driven dramatically by the loss of voice at work for employees and their unions from 1980, but far more in so called ‘single channel’ systems of labour-management relations. Third, over the late 20th century asset managers and banks came to appropriate shareholder voting rights with ‘other people’s money’ (mostly from retirement savings). They have been able to use those votes to make corporations buy their own financial products, subsidising financial intermediaries’ share of GDP, and inflating the income of the financial sector. This means corporations are probably the most important ‘pre-tax’ cause of increasing inequality. However, with small but careful reforms, corporations could become institutions that promote economic stability and social justice.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123415843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Unequal Incomes, Ideology and Gridlock: How Rising Inequality Increases Political Polarization 收入不平等、意识形态与僵局:日益加剧的不平等如何加剧政治两极分化
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-08-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2649215
J. Voorheis, N. McCarty, Boris Shor
{"title":"Unequal Incomes, Ideology and Gridlock: How Rising Inequality Increases Political Polarization","authors":"J. Voorheis, N. McCarty, Boris Shor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2649215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2649215","url":null,"abstract":"Income inequality and political polarization have both increased dramatically in the United States over the last several decades. A small but growing literature has suggested that these two phenomena may be related and mutually reinforcing: income inequality leads to political polarization, and the gridlock induced by polarization reduces the ability of politicians to alleviate rising inequality. Scholars, however, have not credibly identied the causal relationships. Using newly available data on polarization in state legislatures and state-level income inequality, we extend previous analyses to the US state level. Employing a relatively underutilized instrumental variables identication strategy allows us to obtain the rst credible causal estimates of the eect of inequality on polarization within states. We nd that income inequality has a large, positive and statistically signicant","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121037634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 74
Income Polarization in the People’s Republic of China: Trends and Changes 中华人民共和国收入两极分化:趋势与变化
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2654598
Guanghua Wan, Chen Wang
{"title":"Income Polarization in the People’s Republic of China: Trends and Changes","authors":"Guanghua Wan, Chen Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2654598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2654598","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates income polarization in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from 1978 to 2010 and decomposes the estimated polarization by population subgroup. In addition, a framework is proposed to disentangle a change in polarization into a growth and a redistribution component. This framework is then used to quantify the contributions of various income sources to a rise in polarization in the PRC between 2002 and 2007. The analytical results suggest that (1) income polarization exhibited a broadly increasing trend from 1978 to 2010; (2) income polarization was large and rising among rural citizens, while low and declining among urban citizens; polarization of migrants also declined; (3) geographically, income polarization rose in east and particularly central PRC, while west PRC was most polarized with little change over time; and (4) the rise in polarization between 2002 and 2007 was mainly driven by the investment income, followed by transfers. Conversely, business income is polarization-reducing, especially in rural PRC. To a lesser extent, wage is also polarization-reducing, especially among migrants.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116242009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Convergence in Income Inequality: Further Evidence from the Club Clustering Methodology Across the U.S. States 收入不平等的趋同:来自美国各州俱乐部聚类方法的进一步证据
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-06-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2623724
N. Apergis, Christina Christou, Rangan Gupta, S. Miller
{"title":"Convergence in Income Inequality: Further Evidence from the Club Clustering Methodology Across the U.S. States","authors":"N. Apergis, Christina Christou, Rangan Gupta, S. Miller","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2623724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2623724","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the sparse literature on inequality convergence by empirically testing convergence across the U.S. States. This sample period encompasses a series of different periods that are discussed in the existing literature -- the Great Depression (1929-1944), the Great Compression (1945-1979), the Great Divergence (1980-present), the Great Moderation (1982-2007), and the Great Recession (2007-2009). This paper implements the relatively new methodology of panel convergence testing, recommended by Phillips and Sul (2007). This method examines the club convergence hypothesis, which argues that certain countries, states, sectors, or regions belong to a club that moves from disequilibrium positions to their club-specific steady-state positions. We find strong support for convergence through the late 1970s and early 1980s and then evidence of divergence. The divergence, however, moves the dispersion of inequality measures across states only a fraction of the way back to their levels in the early part of the 19th Century.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115053586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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