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PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)最新文献

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What Drives the Gender Wage Gap? Examining the Roles of Sorting, Productivity Differences, and Discrimination. 是什么导致了性别工资差距?检验分类、生产力差异和歧视的作用。
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3032137
Isabelle Sin, S. Stillman, R. Fabling
{"title":"What Drives the Gender Wage Gap? Examining the Roles of Sorting, Productivity Differences, and Discrimination.","authors":"Isabelle Sin, S. Stillman, R. Fabling","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3032137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3032137","url":null,"abstract":"As in other OECD countries, women in New Zealand earn substantially less than men with similar observable characteristics. In this paper, we use a decade of annual wage and productivity data from New Zealand’s Linked Employer-Employee Database to examine different explanations for this gender wage gap. Sorting by gender at either the industry or firm level explains less than one-fifth of the overall wage gap. Gender differences in productivity within firms also explain little of the difference seen in wages. The relationships between the gender wage-productivity gap and both age and tenure are inconsistent with statistical discrimination being an important explanatory factor for the remaining differences in wages. Relating across industry and over time variation in the gender wage-productivity gap to industry-year variation in worker skills, and product market and labour market competition, we find evidence that is consistent with taste discrimination being important for explaining the overall gender wage gap. Explanations based on gender differences in bargaining power are less consistent with our findings.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129511753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Income Inequality in Israel: A Distinctive Evolution 以色列的收入不平等:一个独特的演变
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.1017/9781108907620.013
M. Dahan
{"title":"Income Inequality in Israel: A Distinctive Evolution","authors":"M. Dahan","doi":"10.1017/9781108907620.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108907620.013","url":null,"abstract":"The level of disposable income inequality in Israel has increased noticeably since the mid-1980s and today it is above most developed countries. In contrast, market income inequality, which hit a record level in 2002, has reversed its course since then and has shown a sharp decline in subsequent years, and it is now below the OECD average. This paper offers tentative explanations for the inverted U-shape evolution of market income inequality in Israel in the last 25 years, which is distinctive in view of most developed countries’ experience. In addition, this article addresses the unique combination of income inequality in Israel which has one of the highest levels of disposable income inequality but is ranked below the OECD average measure of market income inequality.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121963736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
More Pensioners, Less Income Inequality? 更多的养老金领取者，更少的收入不平等?
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-03-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2946584
Omoniyi B. Alimi, David C. Maré, J. Poot
{"title":"More Pensioners, Less Income Inequality?","authors":"Omoniyi B. Alimi, David C. Maré, J. Poot","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2946584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2946584","url":null,"abstract":"As is the case in most developed countries, the population of New Zealand is ageing numerically and structurally. Population ageing can have important effects on the distribution of personal income within and between urban areas. The age structure of the population may affect the distribution of income through the life-cycle profile of earnings but also through the spatial-temporal distribution of income within the various age groups. By decomposing New Zealand census data from 1986 to 2013 by age and urban area, this chapter examines the effects of population ageing on spatial-temporal changes in the distribution of personal income to better understand urban area-level income inequality (measured by the Mean Log Deviation index). We focus explicitly on differences between metropolitan and non-metropolitan urban areas. New Zealand has experienced a significant increase in income inequality over the last few decades, but population ageing has slightly dampened this trend. Because metropolitan areas are ageing slower, the inequality-reducing effect of ageing has been less in these areas. However, this urban-size differential-ageing effect on inequality growth has been relatively small compared with the faster growth in intra-age group inequality in the metropolitan areas.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123075198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
The Evolution of Inequality in Latin America in the 21st Century: Patterns, Drivers and Causal Hypotheses 21世纪拉丁美洲不平等的演变:模式、驱动因素和因果假设
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-03-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2938831
F. Bogliacino, Daniel Rojas-Lozano
{"title":"The Evolution of Inequality in Latin America in the 21st Century: Patterns, Drivers and Causal Hypotheses","authors":"F. Bogliacino, Daniel Rojas-Lozano","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2938831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2938831","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we show the evolution of inequality for the largest economies of the Latin American region in the 21st century, with separate consideration of income and wealth. We analyse the drivers of the changes in inequality and possible underlying causes, including the role of the new wave of leftist governments.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"438 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116017075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Adjusting Inequalities for Regional Price Parities: Importance and Implications 调整区域价格平价的不平等:重要性和影响
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-03-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2928422
Vincent J. Geloso, Youcef Msaid
{"title":"Adjusting Inequalities for Regional Price Parities: Importance and Implications","authors":"Vincent J. Geloso, Youcef Msaid","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2928422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2928422","url":null,"abstract":"Corrections to CPS data dramatically change the geographic distribution of the top and bottom deciles of the income distribution. We correct the measure of real personal and household income with regional price indices from BEA. Uncorrected figures have poorer states overrepresented in the bottom decile, while corrected figures have much of that decile living in urban areas in NY and CA. We draw policy-relevant conclusions from these facts, mostly with regard to housing policy.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126986374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Fuel for Inequality: Distributional Effects of Environmental Reforms on Private Transport 不平等的燃料:环境改革对私人交通的分配效应
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-01-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2894203
Miguel Angel Tovar Reaños, Katrin Sommerfeld
{"title":"Fuel for Inequality: Distributional Effects of Environmental Reforms on Private Transport","authors":"Miguel Angel Tovar Reaños, Katrin Sommerfeld","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2894203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2894203","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides the first empirical evidence of the distributional effects of subsidies for the purchase of alternative vehicles based on an extended version of Hausman's exact consumer surplus. Consistently with economic theory, we estimate changes in household welfare, inequality and social welfare corresponding to different reforms. First, we find that an additional tax on conventional fuel is regressive. However, returning the additional tax revenue via lump-sum transfers can alleviate this effect. Second, when the additional revenue is also used to finance subsidies for electrical and compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, households that own such vehicles experience welfare gains. However, this policy also increases income inequality and decreases social welfare.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114894826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The Effects of Income Mobility and Tax Persistence on Income Redistribution and Inequality 收入流动性和税收持续性对收入再分配和不平等的影响
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/W22759
Marina Agranov, T. Palfrey
{"title":"The Effects of Income Mobility and Tax Persistence on Income Redistribution and Inequality","authors":"Marina Agranov, T. Palfrey","doi":"10.3386/W22759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W22759","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the effect of income mobility and the persistence of redistributive tax policy on the level of redistribution in democratic societies. An infinite-horizon theoretical model is developed, and the properties of the equilibrium tax rate and the degree of after-tax inequality are characterized. Mobility and stickiness of tax policy are both negatively related to the equilibrium tax rate. However, neither is sufficient by itself. Social mobility has no effect on equilibrium taxes if tax policy is voted on in every period, and tax persistence has no effect in the absence of social mobility. The two forces are complementary. Tax persistence leads to higher levels of post-tax inequality, for any amount of mobility. The effect of mobility on inequality is less clear-cut and depends on the degree of tax persistence. A laboratory experiment is conducted to test the main comparative static predictions of the theory, and the results are generally supportive.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"35 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132913758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Is Globalization Coming to an End Due to Rise of Income Inequalities? 收入不平等加剧，全球化走向终结?
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-08-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2823620
V. Popov
{"title":"Is Globalization Coming to an End Due to Rise of Income Inequalities?","authors":"V. Popov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2823620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2823620","url":null,"abstract":"The reversal of the trend towards the decline in income inequalities in the last three decades in most countries created favorable grounds for the rise of nationalist and anti-globalization feelings. Economic failures of countries, groups of people and individuals are among important factors that cause nationalism. The rise of nationalism in many countries in recent decades, as measured by the decline in the “pride in your own country” indicator from the World Values Survey, is statistically significantly related to the growth rates of per capita income and change in income inequality (Gini coefficient) within the country. When globalization is properly managed, it is good for growth and income distribution and does not lead to nationalism. But if it is accompanied by the decline in real incomes for large masses of people, nationalist political forces get additional arguments for instigating anti-globalization and isolationist feelings. The rise in income inequalities within major countries since the 1980s poses a threat not only to social stability, but also to globalization.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123928486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding Recent Trends in Income Inequality in the People's Republic of China 了解中华人民共和国收入不平等的近期趋势
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2811559
J. Zhuang, Shi Li
{"title":"Understanding Recent Trends in Income Inequality in the People's Republic of China","authors":"J. Zhuang, Shi Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2811559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2811559","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines underlying factors that could explain the decline in income inequality in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) since 2008 and inquires whether the decline indicates that the PRC’s income inequality has peaked following the Kuznets hypothesis. The paper first identifies four key drivers of rising income inequality in the PRC since the mid-1980s: rising skill premium, declining share of labor income, increasing spatial inequality, and widening inequality in the distribution of wealth. It then provides evidence that the reversal of these drivers, with the exception of wealth inequality, could partly explain the decline in income inequality since 2008. The paper argues that since part of the reversal of these drivers is policy induced, it is important that the policy actions continue for income inequality to decline further. The paper further argues that a critical factor underlying the Kuznets hypothesis is that taxation and transfers play a bigger role in income redistribution as a country becomes more developed, while their role is still limited in the PRC, the future path of the country’s income inequality may not be one directional; and reducing income inequality significantly may require personal income tax and transfers to play a greater role over time.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116078730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Strengthening the Middle Class: Challenges for Policymakers 加强中产阶级:政策制定者的挑战
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-06-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2952356
Gerald Mayer
{"title":"Strengthening the Middle Class: Challenges for Policymakers","authors":"Gerald Mayer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2952356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2952356","url":null,"abstract":"Policymakers concerned with earnings inequality and stagnant middle class wages face multiple challenges. One challenge is to choose among different policies. Some proposals would increase public spending and raise taxes, while other policies would do the opposite: cut spending and lower taxes. Some proposals may involve tradeoffs between different goals. One such tradeoff is that programs that expand access to higher education may increase underemployment among college graduates. Another challenge for policymakers is that the demand for labor is derived from consumer demand. But, consumer expenditures differ by the level and distribution of income. Thus, policies that increase real earnings or reduce inequality may shift the relative demand for skilled and unskilled workers. This paper demonstrates how a more equal or unequal distribution of income may itself affect the level and distribution of earnings.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133109945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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