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PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)最新文献

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Family Characteristics and Macroeconomic Factors in U. S. Intragenerational Family Income Mobility, 1978-2014 1978-2014年美国代际家庭收入流动的家庭特征与宏观经济因素
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2019.01
K. Bradbury
{"title":"Family Characteristics and Macroeconomic Factors in U. S. Intragenerational Family Income Mobility, 1978-2014","authors":"K. Bradbury","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2019.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2019.01","url":null,"abstract":"Family economic mobility has been a policy concern for decades, with interest heating up further since the 1990s. Using data that tracks individual families’ incomes during overlapping 10-year periods from 1978 through 2014, this paper investigates the relationships of factors — family characteristics and macro influences — to intragenerational mobility and whether the importance of those factors has changed over time. Family characteristics include both levels of work behavior and family structure and within-period changes in those factors, as well as time-invariant characteristics of the family head, such as race. Macro factors include indicators of GDP growth and inflation during each 10-year period. The positions families occupy in the income distribution and the degree to which they are stuck or able to move up (or slide down) over time are critical determinants of their current well-being and their children’s prospects.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126564491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Channels of Wage Income Smoothing: United States 1963-2010 工资收入平滑的渠道:美国1963-2010
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-06-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3201732
Wen Long
{"title":"Channels of Wage Income Smoothing: United States 1963-2010","authors":"Wen Long","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3201732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3201732","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, adopting the framework of Asdrubali, Sorensen and Yosha (1996), I identity three channels of wage income smoothing: net taxes, employers, and interstate commuting income. They smooth 1.8%, 55.1% and 3.0%, respectively, of shocks to Gross State Product (GSP). 40.1% of shocks are not smoothed. I split the sample into four non-overlapping time periods and the shares of net taxes on production and employers change significantly over time. Lastly, I test the asymmetry of wage income smoothing over the business cycle. The responses of wage incomes to GSP shocks exhibit a reversed \"rockets and feathers\" feature, i.e. wage incomes respond stronger and faster to negative shocks than positive shocks.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131976292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the Relationship Between Business Elite Networks and Income Inequality in Latin American Countries 拉丁美洲国家商业精英网络与收入不平等关系的探讨
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-06-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3200929
Julián Cárdenas
{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Business Elite Networks and Income Inequality in Latin American Countries","authors":"Julián Cárdenas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3200929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3200929","url":null,"abstract":"Although the cohesion of business elites has been associated with income concentration, few studies have in-depth investigated the role of business elite networks in macro-social issues such as economic inequality. This research explores the relationship between business elite networks and income inequality in several Latin American countries. To do so, this paper 1) examine business elite networks applying a network analysis of interlocking directorates, and 2) establishes the link and complementarities between the level of cohesion of business elite networks and income inequality. Results show that where business elite formed cohesive networks and economy was export-oriented, social protection programs were more inclusive, and income inequality levels were lower. Business networking can have an unexpected “equalizing” effect on society.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132182259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Mistakes of the Marginal Productivity Theory of Income Distribution 边际生产率收入分配理论的错误
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-06-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3199738
D. Nomidis
{"title":"The Mistakes of the Marginal Productivity Theory of Income Distribution","authors":"D. Nomidis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3199738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3199738","url":null,"abstract":"The debate that took place at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century on the neoclassical income distribution theory based on the marginal productivity of the production factors is well known. The debate evolved especially around the question whether the product is exactly exhausted through its distribution to the factors of production according to the value of their marginal products. This question is now considered resolved and closed by the proofs presented by Wicksell, Walras and later on by other distinguished economists (Chapman, Hicks etc). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the proofs which were presented to support the product exhaustion theorem are mistaken and consequently the theory of income distribution on the basis of the marginal productivity of the production factors is wrong. Furthermore, this paper attempts to detect and explain the profounder reasons that presumably led to these mistakes, as well as to identify and propound the new relations that replace the wrong ones of the product exhaustion theorem. Last, it attempts to formulate the equilibrium of the whole economic system (demand, supply, production, factors of production etc) through a holistic-way equation system.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115436115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Notes on Measuring Economic Inequality 衡量经济不平等的说明
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3242315
Kam Yu
{"title":"Notes on Measuring Economic Inequality","authors":"Kam Yu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3242315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3242315","url":null,"abstract":"A review article on measuring economic inequality.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120906625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Instability of Wealth Effect on Consumption and Investment Under Regime Switches 制度转换下财富对消费和投资影响的不稳定性
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-05-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3109655
Toshio Kimura, Naoki Makimoto
{"title":"Instability of Wealth Effect on Consumption and Investment Under Regime Switches","authors":"Toshio Kimura, Naoki Makimoto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3109655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3109655","url":null,"abstract":"The instability of wealth effect on consumption over the business cycles is widely recognized in recent empirical studies. We develop a consumption and investment problem for an investor with direct preference for wealth where the drift and volatility of asset return switches between two regimes. Furthermore, the model is extended to allow the investor's borrowing rate to be higher than her risk-free rate. An utility-maximizing policy is derived explicitly such that optimal consumption-wealth ratio depends not only on both current and future regimes, but also on the transition across different regimes. Numerical simulation demonstrates that low frequent changes in regimes produce instability of consumption-wealth ratio, while high frequent regime-shifts produce stable consumption-wealth ratio. These features are enhanced by investor's wealth accumulation motive and tighter credit spread between borrowing rate and risk-free rate, both of which can be applied to explain the instability of consumption-wealth ratio observed in the U.S.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124712713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Growth Volatility and Inequality in the U.S.: A Wavelet Analysis 美国经济增长波动与不平等:小波分析
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-05-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3182856
Shinhye Chang, Rangan Gupta, S. Miller, M. Wohar
{"title":"Growth Volatility and Inequality in the U.S.: A Wavelet Analysis","authors":"Shinhye Chang, Rangan Gupta, S. Miller, M. Wohar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3182856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3182856","url":null,"abstract":"This study applies wavelet coherency analysis to explore the relationship between the U.S. economic growth volatility, and income and wealth inequality measures over the period 1917 to 2015 and 1962 to 2014. We consider the relationship between output volatility during positive and negative growth scenarios. Wavelet analysis simultaneously examines the correlation and causality between two series in both the time and frequency domains. Our findings provide evidence of positive correlation between the volatility and inequality across high (short-run)- and low-frequencies (long-run). The direction of causality varies across frequencies and time. Strong evidence exists that volatilities lead inequality at low-frequencies across income inequality measures from 1917 to 1997. After 1997, however, the direction of causality changes. In the time-domain, the time-varying nature of long-run causalities implies structural changes in the two series. These findings provide a more thorough picture of the relationship between the U.S. growth volatility and inequality measures over time and frequency domains, suggesting important implications for policy makers.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"16 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120910823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Unions and Inequality Over the Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey Data 20世纪的工会与不平等:来自调查数据的新证据
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.3386/W24587
H. Farber, Daniel Z. Herbst, I. Kuziemko, S. Naidu
{"title":"Unions and Inequality Over the Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey Data","authors":"H. Farber, Daniel Z. Herbst, I. Kuziemko, S. Naidu","doi":"10.3386/W24587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W24587","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 U.S. income inequality has varied inversely with union density over the past 100 years. But moving beyond this aggregate relationship has proven difficult, in part because of limited microdata on union membership prior to 1973. We develop a new source of microdata on union membership dating back to 1936, survey data primarily from Gallup (N ≈ 980,000), to examine the long-run relationship between unions and inequality. We document dramatic changes in the demographics of union members: when density was at its mid-century peak, union households were much less educated and more nonwhite than other households, whereas pre-World War II and today they are more similar to nonunion households on these dimensions. However, despite large changes in composition and density since 1936, the household union premium holds relatively steady between 10 and 20 log points. We use our data to examine the effect of unions on income inequality. Using distributional decompositions, time series regressions, state-year regressions, as well as a new instrumental-variable strategy based on the 1935 legalization of unions and the World War II–era War Labor Board, we find consistent evidence that unions reduce inequality, explaining a significant share of the dramatic fall in inequality between the mid-1930s and late 1940s.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121959280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 252
Bad and Good Inequality in the Advance of the Korean Literacy 韩国文化进步中的好坏不平等
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-02-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3129501
M. Cha
{"title":"Bad and Good Inequality in the Advance of the Korean Literacy","authors":"M. Cha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3129501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3129501","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies two distinct types of inequality affecting the advance of the Korean literacy in opposite ways. Literacy improvement in colonial Korea was checked by the presence of landed elite with pre-colonial origins, but helped by the development of profit-seeking land tenancy associated with contractual formalization. Abolishing both the aristocratic and market-oriented landlordism, the post-colonial land redistribution accelerated the advance of literacy by destroying the structural inequality, rather than by reducing the market inequality. It is thus imperative for policymakers to identify the nature of inequality they face before embarking on redistribution.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131954006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Income Inequality and Voter Turnout 收入不平等与选民投票率
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-02-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3126657
T. Matsubayashi, Shiro Sakaiya
{"title":"Income Inequality and Voter Turnout","authors":"T. Matsubayashi, Shiro Sakaiya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3126657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3126657","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the importance of the topic in the era of growing income inequality around the world, it remains inconclusive whether higher income inequality in the society exaggerates or lessens income bias in turnout (i.e., high-income citizens are more likely to vote than low-income citizens). This study revisits this question and ultimately offers novel evidence about how and why income inequality changes the degree of income bias. Our analysis using large-scale cross-national survey data reveals that: (1) strong income bias in voter turnout exists in many parts of the world, (2) higher income inequality in the society tends to reduce income bias in turnout by demobilizing high-income citizens and mobilizing low-income citizens, and (3) this relationship arises partly because vote buying is more common in societies with higher income inequality, which mobilizes low-income citizens but decreases political efficacy among high-income citizens. Ultimately, this study suggests that growing income inequality does not exaggerate political inequality, but might challenge the legitimacy of democratic elections due to the higher prevalence of vote buying.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115066038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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