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Small-Scale Pellet Boiler with Thermoelectric Generator 带热电发电机的小型颗粒锅炉
2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICT.2006.331221
W. Moser, G. Friedl, W. Haslinger, H. Hofbauer
{"title":"Small-Scale Pellet Boiler with Thermoelectric Generator","authors":"W. Moser, G. Friedl, W. Haslinger, H. Hofbauer","doi":"10.1109/ICT.2006.331221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2006.331221","url":null,"abstract":"Pellet boilers need auxiliary electrical power to provide CO2 -balanced heat in a comfortable and environment-friendly way. The idea is to produce this and some extra electricity within the furnace in order to save resources and to gain operation reliability and independency. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) allow direct conversion of heat to electrical power. They have the advantage of a long maintenance-free durability and noiseless operation without moving parts or any working fluid. The useful heat remains almost the same and still can be used for heating. The challenge is the system integration and optimisation of TEGs in pellet burners. The consumption of electricity by the complete heating system is analysed and optimised in order to fulfil the purpose of independency. Grid independent operation is difficult to realise and optimise. In order to be successful it needs a simplified system. We do experiments with different arrangements of burners, heat exchangers and TEGs. We identified the important parameters to maximise the electricity produced. The potential of this technology strongly correlates with the efficiency and costs of thermoelectric materials. Optimised integration will result in additional benefits and saved resources. A novel kind of decentralised small-scale and micro-scale biomass-based combined heat and power generation will be developed. The basic system allows grid-independent operation of automatically running biomass furnaces including fuel delivery from storage and circulating the cooling/heating water respectively. The advanced system also provides electricity for other electrical devices like radio, TV or light and is an additional benefit","PeriodicalId":346555,"journal":{"name":"2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics","volume":"4 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115851550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Measuring methods applicable to Thermoelectric Materials: Fraunhofer-IPM capabilities and services 适用于热电材料的测量方法:弗劳恩霍夫- ipm的能力和服务
2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICT.2006.331329
A. Jacquot, J. Konig, H. Bottner
{"title":"Measuring methods applicable to Thermoelectric Materials: Fraunhofer-IPM capabilities and services","authors":"A. Jacquot, J. Konig, H. Bottner","doi":"10.1109/ICT.2006.331329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2006.331329","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade Fraunhofer-IPM implemented various measurement techniques applicable to thin films and bulk materials. Fraunhofer-IPM is now developing customer-oriented measurement systems especially adapted for thermoelectric materials. They are combining accuracy, rapidity, little efforts for sample mounting, and are fully automated as far as the data acquisition is concerned. The following measurement techniques and their implementation at IPM will be presented: an integrated (acquisition and data interpretation) 3 omega-system for the measurement of the thermal conductivity and heat capacity, two push-button measuring-stations for the measurement of the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient at room temperature, and a new fully automated station for the measurement of the Seebeck coefficient at high temperatures. For the last mentioned measurement method, which will be discussed in detail, pressure contacts are used for contacting the thermocouples to the sample and the sample to the heat sink, making the measurement of both thin films and bulk materials possible, with a great flexibility on their geometrical dimensions. Finally, the validation of all methods is discussed in terms of suitability and availability of test-samples","PeriodicalId":346555,"journal":{"name":"2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129983186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Homologous rare earth boron cluster compounds: a possible n-type counterpart to boron carbide 同源稀土硼簇化合物:一种可能的n型碳化硼对应物
2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICT.2006.331324
T. Mori, T. Nishimura
{"title":"Homologous rare earth boron cluster compounds: a possible n-type counterpart to boron carbide","authors":"T. Mori, T. Nishimura","doi":"10.1109/ICT.2006.331324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2006.331324","url":null,"abstract":"There is a large incentive to discover/develop thermoelectric materials which can function at high temperature. Boron-rich cluster compounds are attractive as materials because of their stability under high temperature and \"unfriendly\" (e.g. acidic, corrosive) conditions. We have discovered that a homologous series of newly found layered rare earth B12 icosahedra compounds, exhibit both p-type and n-type behavior depending on the number of boron icosahedra layers. This is the first discovery of a B12 icosahedra compound exhibiting n-type behavior without extreme doping and is exciting because it may be a possible counterpart to the p-type boron carbide which is well known to be an attractive high temperature thermoelectric material. The first samples were prepared by conventional hot press and cold press methods and were not so dense. Utilizing spark plasma synthesis (SPS) we have been able to prepare samples with significantly improved properties","PeriodicalId":346555,"journal":{"name":"2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129330182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Application of Thermoelectric Modules Fabricated with (Bi,Sb)2(Te,Se)3 using Rapid Solidification Technique for the Projector System 快速凝固技术制备(Bi,Sb)2(Te,Se)3热电模块在投影系统中的应用
2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICT.2006.331255
Y. Horio, T. Hayashi, N. Kamimura, T. Tachibana, N. Tomita
{"title":"Application of Thermoelectric Modules Fabricated with (Bi,Sb)2(Te,Se)3 using Rapid Solidification Technique for the Projector System","authors":"Y. Horio, T. Hayashi, N. Kamimura, T. Tachibana, N. Tomita","doi":"10.1109/ICT.2006.331255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2006.331255","url":null,"abstract":"A thermoelectric generator system was developed to convert low grade waste heat from a bulb inside an optical projection system into electricity. A new type of thermoelectric module with (Bi,Sb)2(Te,Se)3 compounds and intended for consumer use was installed in the system. Bismuth-telluride-based thermoelectric compounds with fine grains and unidirectional crystal orientation prepared using a rapid solidification technique, exhibited high performance at temperatures ranging from 298 to 473 K. Thermoelectric properties were optimized by controlling the microstructure and oxygen content of the specimens. A maximum conversion efficiency of 5.7% was obtained from the developed thermoelectric module at a temperature differential of 150 K (Tc = 323 K, Th = 473 K). A thermoelectric power generating system using a new type of aluminum alloy reflector was developed and evaluated for the prototype projection system","PeriodicalId":346555,"journal":{"name":"2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128016974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Band structure and thermoelectric properties of type-III barium clathrates iii型钡包合物的能带结构和热电性能
2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICT.2006.331389
K. Akai, K. Koga, M. Matsuura
{"title":"Band structure and thermoelectric properties of type-III barium clathrates","authors":"K. Akai, K. Koga, M. Matsuura","doi":"10.1109/ICT.2006.331389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2006.331389","url":null,"abstract":"The electronic structure of type-III Ba clathrates was calculated by using a full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method. In the calculation of Ba<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>21</sub> a virtual crystal approximation was used. The calculated band structure shows that Ba<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>21</sub> is an intrinsic semiconductor with an indirect gap. The top of the valence band is at the Gamma point and the bottom of the conduction band is on the Lambda axis. The thermoelectric properties are calculated by using the calculated electronic states","PeriodicalId":346555,"journal":{"name":"2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115941169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Integration Technology for PbTe Element PbTe元件集成新技术
2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICT.2006.331278
Chunquan Long, Yong Yan, Jianzhong Zhang, B. Ren, Zeshen Wang
{"title":"New Integration Technology for PbTe Element","authors":"Chunquan Long, Yong Yan, Jianzhong Zhang, B. Ren, Zeshen Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICT.2006.331278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2006.331278","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports a new technology for integration of PbTe elements. In traditional procedure, the first step is to prepare PbTe materials, then to bond them together with electrodes. We press the PbTe powder together with the powder of electrode and buffer materials by powder metallurgy after PbTe alloy was prepared, and obtain the elements directly. The paper described the technical process in detail. The authors prepared some samples of N-type PbTe elements using the technology. The electrode, buffer, PbTe material and their interfaces of the prepared samples are characterized by SEM and ED. The contact resistances have been measured and compared with the sample prepared by traditional technology. The results indicate that the proposed technology is easy, economic and feasible. It may simplify preparation process of PbTe elements, reduce the times PbTe materials suffered at high temperature and decrease the contact resistance","PeriodicalId":346555,"journal":{"name":"2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125489966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Thermoelectric Properties of Epitaxial Films of Layered Cobalt Oxides Fabricated by Topotactic Ion-Exchange Methods 拓扑定向离子交换法制备层状钴氧化物外延膜的热电性能
2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICT.2006.331290
K. Sugiura, H. Ohta, K. Nomura, T. Saito, Y. Ikuhara, M. Hirano, H. Hosono, K. Koumoto
{"title":"Thermoelectric Properties of Epitaxial Films of Layered Cobalt Oxides Fabricated by Topotactic Ion-Exchange Methods","authors":"K. Sugiura, H. Ohta, K. Nomura, T. Saito, Y. Ikuhara, M. Hirano, H. Hosono, K. Koumoto","doi":"10.1109/ICT.2006.331290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2006.331290","url":null,"abstract":"Epitaxial film of a layered cobalt oxide, Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4 </sub>O<sub>9</sub>, was fabricated on a (0001)-face of alpha-Al<sub>2 </sub>O<sub>3</sub> substrate by a topotactic ion exchange method using a Na<sub>0.8</sub>CoO<sub>2</sub> epitaxial film as a precursor. High-resolution X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope measurements revealed that the film was high-quality (001)-oriented Ca <sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> with stepped & terraced surface morphology. The film exhibits a high electrical conductivity of 2.95 times 10<sup>2</sup> Scm<sup>-1</sup> and a large Seebeck coefficient of ~+125 muVK<sup>-1</sup>, which leads to the thermoelectric power factor of 4.5 times 10<sup>-4</sup> Wm<sup>-1 </sup>K<sup>-1</sup> at 300 K","PeriodicalId":346555,"journal":{"name":"2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121464078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Test Method for Heat to Electricity Conversion Efficiency of Thermoelectric Unicouple 热电偶热电转换效率的试验方法
2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICT.2006.331279
Lili Zhang, Jianzhong Zhang, B. Ren, Zeshen Wang
{"title":"Test Method for Heat to Electricity Conversion Efficiency of Thermoelectric Unicouple","authors":"Lili Zhang, Jianzhong Zhang, B. Ren, Zeshen Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICT.2006.331279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2006.331279","url":null,"abstract":"The heat to electricity conversion efficiency is the basic parameter of thermoelectric element, thermoelectric unicouple and thermoelectric devices. The authors present a new test method for heat to electricity conversion efficiency of thermoelectric unicouple. The input heat of thermoelectric unicouple has been divided into two parts including the output electric power and output heat out of the unicouple cold side. The later has been determined by a thermoelectric heat meter. The thermoelectric heat meter has a high sensitivity, so that high test accuracy could be gained on the determination of heat out of the unicouple cold side. The paper presents test results for heat to electricity conversion efficiency of some thermoelectric unicouple, and discusses about the factors which affect the test results, especially about the calibration of the heat meter","PeriodicalId":346555,"journal":{"name":"2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129075265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Enhancement of Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Ternary Silver Thallium Tellurides by Controlling the Carrier Concentration 控制载流子浓度提高三元碲化银铊的热电优值
2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICT.2006.331327
K. Kurosaki, K. Goto, H. Muta, S. Yamanaka
{"title":"Enhancement of Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Ternary Silver Thallium Tellurides by Controlling the Carrier Concentration","authors":"K. Kurosaki, K. Goto, H. Muta, S. Yamanaka","doi":"10.1109/ICT.2006.331327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2006.331327","url":null,"abstract":"We tried to improve the thermoelectric figure of merit of a ternary silver thallium telluride, Ag<sub>9</sub>TlTe<sub>5</sub>, by controlling the carrier concentration. We studied the effect of deviation from the stoichiometric composition by measuring the thermoelectric properties from room temperature to slightly below the melting temperature of polycrystalline Ag<sub>9</sub>TlTe<sub>5</sub> with different nominal compositions. A minimal compositional deviation of Ag<sub>9</sub>TlTe<sub>5</sub> improved the power factor while the thermal conductivity remained extremely low, leading to an enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit","PeriodicalId":346555,"journal":{"name":"2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128171036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Standoff Pressures and Thermal Characterization of the Peltier-Actuated Microvalve peltier微阀的侧差压力和热特性
2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICT.2006.331218
R. Welle, C. Chrystal, B. Hardy
{"title":"Standoff Pressures and Thermal Characterization of the Peltier-Actuated Microvalve","authors":"R. Welle, C. Chrystal, B. Hardy","doi":"10.1109/ICT.2006.331218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2006.331218","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted with Peltier-actuated microvalves to determine the maximum stand-off pressures possible with such valves, and to investigate the effect of supercooling on valve operation. Stand-off pressures were found to exceed the limits of measurability at 10 MPa. The experimental data, supported by thermal modeling, indicated that supercooling in linear-junction microvalves was typically about -15 C, while supercooling in tube-type Peltier valves ranged from -8 to -20 C","PeriodicalId":346555,"journal":{"name":"2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics","volume":"503 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134033092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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