Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"ORGANIZATIONAL MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES \u0000POPULATION HEALTH IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION","authors":"S. Cherkasov, A. Fedyaeva, D. Meshkov, P. Zolotarev, I. Moroz","doi":"10.17816/fm712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm712","url":null,"abstract":"The study is devoted to the analysis of the organizational technology for monitoring population health in the Russian Federation. The data of expert assessments of the WHO Collaborating Center on the Family of International Classifications of Information Coding Quality, the results of the discussion at conferences on the problems of population health monitoring were used. It has been shown that the organization of systemic monitoring as a method of managing public health should include the definition of a set of informative monitoring parameters with clear mechanisms for collecting and subsequent analysis. Additional parameters shall be possible if necessary. A family of international classifications should be used as a basis for monitoring, but derived classifications should be developed and used as a link between statistical and clinical classifications. It has been shown that the organization of systemic monitoring as a method of managing public health should include the definition of a set of informative monitoring parameters with clear mechanisms for collecting and subsequent analysis. Additional parameters shall be possible if necessary. A family of international classifications should be used as a basis for monitoring, but derived classifications should be developed and used as a link between statistical and clinical classifications.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127882990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF FORENSIC MEDICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF VIOLENT DEATH IN ST. PETERSBURG OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS","authors":"V. Isakov, A. Bozhchenko, O. D. Yagmurov, O. Yakovenko, Yur Viktorovih Nazarov","doi":"10.17816/fm694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm694","url":null,"abstract":"The levels of injuries and violent death depend on the state of the economy and health care in the region and the state as a whole. In recent years, another significant factor has been the spread of a new coronavirus infection. The purpose of the work is to study the dynamics of the volume and structure of violent death in the Russian Federation over the past 10 years, including the period of the spread of a new infection, using the example of a megalopolis. Research material: annual reports of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of St. Petersburg. Methods: data grouping, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, comparison, system analysis, inductive generalization. Results. Over the past 10 years, a number of significant changes have taken place in St. Petersburg in the scope and structure of forensic medical investigations of violent deaths. The main positive trend was a decrease in the absolute and relative number of cases of violent death. Statistically significantly (p0.05), the number of cases of transport trauma, injuries resulting from the action of blunt and sharp objects, gunshot, thermal trauma, mechanical asphyxia, as well as poisoning with ethanol and carbon monoxide decreased significantly; infant mortality decreased; there were fewer unidentified and unclaimed corpses. Along with this, there was a steady increase in the number of drug poisoning; the level of fatal injury as a result of falling from a height remained consistently high. The background incidence of a new coronavirus infection in 2020 was 2.4-3.2%. Among the dead with a confirmed diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection, the proportion of cases of falling from a height, thermal burns, strangulation with a noose increased; transport (primarily rail), gunshot and explosive injuries, cases of drowning, poisoning with drugs and alcohol detection in the biological environments of the body of the victims were less common.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129054585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of the fact and features of the transfer by a firearm of a substance barrier made of multilayer and combined materials","authors":"Sergey Leonov","doi":"10.17816/fm681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm681","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Currently, the issues of establishing the fact of a person being wounded by a firearm through a specific type of obstacle or due to a ricochet from it, as well as the identification of the material of the obstacle, have not been practically studied. \u0000Aims. Establishment of the fact and features of the transfer by a firearm of materials of multilayer and combined barriers (triplex, combined barrier made of keremogranite and foam concrete) when fired with 5.45x39 cartridges from a special shortened Kalashnikov assault rifle (AKSU). \u0000Material and methods. Shots were fired through various types of obstacles using a biological simulator of the human body from a distance of 5 meters. All experiments were recorded by means of high-speed video shooting using a Sony RX0 video camera with a frequency of 1000 frames per second. Bullets and their fragments extracted from the bullet trap or biological target tissues, after appropriate processing, were examined using a Leika M125 microscope, a Hitachi FlexSem1000 II scanning electron microscope and a Bruker Quantax 80 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. \u0000Results. Light microscopy of the firearms that overcame the obstacle revealed the presence of a characteristic deformation of the bullet when it breaks through each type of the studied obstacles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion analysis (EDX) revealed in each case the presence of overlays of barrier particles on the entire surface of both deformed bullets and fragments of their shells and cores. \u0000Conclusion. The conducted experimental study proved that by means of SEM/EDX it is possible to reliably establish the fact of a gunshot wound of a person through a barrier of multilayer and combined materials.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"22 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116917001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol and children: clinical and forensic study","authors":"S. C. Plis, L.A. Kovalenko, O. V. Veselkina, D. M. Dolginov, Y. N. Ostapenko, Vasily V. Vlassov, V. A. Klevno","doi":"10.17816/fm709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm709","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The study aimed to evaluate the differences in the clinical pictures in the group of alcohol intoxication (without the loss of conscious) and alcohol poisoning (with the loss of conscious). \u0000Aims. The study aimed to establish what levels of ethanol in the blood in children and adolescents lead to the loss of consciousness, and thus, ethanol poisoning. \u0000Materials and Methods. Based on the obtained data on underage children (forensic bureau, pediatric hospital No. 13, Moscow), the patients were divided into two groups: (1) children who had mild or significant disorders after alcohol consumption (alcohol intoxication) and (2) children who faced coma, respiratory arrest, or death after alcohol consumption (alcohol poisoning). Group 1 included 49 cases of hospitalization of children aged 12-17 years old to the Toxicological Unit. Group 2 included 18 children aged 11-17 years old. \u0000Results. The levels of ethanol in the blood and urine of males and in the blood of females were significantly higher than in patients with alcohol intoxication. The objective status of patients was the same. There were no differences in alcohol pharmacokinetics (resorption, elimination). There were no differences in the instrumental parameter readings either. In the present study, alcohol intoxication and alcohol poisoning were not associated with dangerous changes in such parameters as SBP, DBP, HR, and RR. \u0000Conclusion. The results showed that ethanol poisoning in children aged 11-17 years old developed at the concentration of ethanol 2.61 g/L in the blood and 3.01 g/L in the urine. Besides, there were no significant differences in the instrumental parameters.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131224556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINATION OF THE PRESCRIPTION OF DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURES BY RADIOGRAPHY: A CASE FROM EXPERT PRACTICE","authors":"Юлия Ли, Marina Valentinovna Vishnyakova, V. Klevno","doi":"10.17816/fm711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm711","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT.Background:When conducting a forensic medical examination of victims, accused persons, etc., it is important to determine the prescription of fractures, which allows the expert to immediately determine the causal relationship of the skeletal injury found in the sub-expert with the events described in the decision on the appointment of a forensic medical examination, especially in cases when the examination is carried out according to medical documents, there is, for one reason or another, the possibility of a forensic medical examination of the sub-expert, when there is concealment or distortion of the circumstances of the incident, and the investigating authorities, nevertheless, need to make a decision on the case and establish the truth. Often, medical documents, especially in cases of a single request for medical help, do not contain enough information about the clinical picture of the fracture, the description of the local status is scarce or absent at all. In such cases, one of the most important sources of information for the expert is radiography data (radiographs in electronic form or on X-ray film, computed tomograms), the study of which allows the expert to draw conclusions about the mechanism of injury and the prescription of fractures.The study of literary sources on this topic did not reveal the exact criteria for determining the prescription of fractures based on the study of the results of X-ray examination methods in the forensic aspect.Description of the expert case. The description of a case from practice is given: in our practice, there was a case when the fractures found in the subexpert did not correspond to the events of the incident described in the resolution, these fractures were not regarded by the surgeon as \"old\" and unrelated to the specified circumstances of the case. The examination of the presented radiographs allowed the forensic medical expert to determine the time frame of the fractures detected and establish the absence of a causal relationship of this injury with the events specified in the resolution. Conclusion. The analysis of this expert case allows us to come to the conclusion about the importance of examining the radiography data by the forensic medical expert himself in the aspect of determining the prescription of fractures.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128742315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRECOMATOSIS CONDITION AS A CAUSE OF VIOLENT DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: A RARE CASE REPORT","authors":"Pavel Akimov","doi":"10.17816/fm689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm689","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Diabetic coma is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Usually, the study of carbohydrate status is carried out with non-violent death, however, the death of patients with diabetes can occur with various types of violent death. The purpose of the study is to describe and analyze rare expert cases of the circumstances of violent death in patients with DM. \u0000Case presentation: This publication presents two cases of violent death of diabetic patients, the cause of which was a precomatous state - the beginning of the development of diabetic (hyperglycemic) coma. In the first case, the corpse of a 56-year-old man was found in an apartment in a bathtub with water. The man died from drowning in fresh water by aspiration. In the second case, a 62-year-old man lost control of the car and allowed the vehicle to overturn. The man died as a result of a closed craniocerebral injury to the body. In both described cases, the provoking factor was an acute complication of DM in the form of the development of a diabetic coma (precomatosis condition), which was confirmed by the data of a biochemical study of blood, urine, and the vitreous body. \u0000Conclusion: Due to the wide spread of DM among the population, one should not forget about the acute complications of this disease (diabetic comas), which can become provoking factors for the onset of violent death. In this regard, it is recommended to conduct a complete laboratory study in patients with DM, even under any circumstances of the case.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116514493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the issue of detecting fragments of an obstacle and a projectile in a gunshot injury","authors":"Sergey Leonov","doi":"10.17816/fm423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm423","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes a case from expert practice that demonstrates the possibility of establishing the presence of barrier particles on surrounding objects in the case of a gunshot injury to a person. In the case under consideration, the detection of fragments of an obstacle (triplex the windshield of a car) played a leading role in proving the suspect's involvement in the incident under investigation. Violations of the expert method of particle removal and evaluation of the obtained data, which contributed to the drawing of incorrect conclusions in the expert's conclusion, are described. The possibilities of modern scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion analysis are described, which make it possible to establish not only the presence of barrier particles on environmental objects, but also to identify signs of gunshot damage to human clothing and body, destroyed projectile particles, as well as to establish the elemental composition of all detected microparticles.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121904148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SKULL INJURY DUE TO ATYPICAL FIREARM: A CASE REPORT","authors":"Viachaslau V. Siamionau, A. Tsiatsiuyeu","doi":"10.17816/fm717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm717","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Injuries from atypical firearms are highly variable in their morphology and often differ from typical gunshot injuries. This can lead to problems in forensic diagnostics. Knowledge of the atypical weapons design and discovery of atypical projectiles inside a body or at crime scene allows proper injury nature assessment. \u0000Case presentation: The morphological features of the entrance and exit gunshot wounds of the occipital and frontal bones caused by an atypical projectile a concrete nail 4.5x60 mm are described. The entrance gunshot injury had typical morphological features associated with the specific action of the projectile (a tissue defect, internal beveling of wound). The exit wound was atypical due to the incomplete exit of the concrete nail from the cranial cavity, as well as the anatomical features of the damaged area. \u0000Conclusion: Atypical firearms and projectiles are diverse and their samples may have many unique designs and technological features knowledge of which may be crucial for forensic examination of gunshot injuries. A comprehensive medico-legal assessment of the injury gunshot nature and the number of shots is traditionally based on the injury morphology and revealing the gunshot residues. However, the presence of projectiles and/or their fragments in the body facilitates the solving of expert tasks. In our case the key to the correct interpretation of the wounds nature was the presence in the skull of an atypical projectile a concrete-nail.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129764323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRAJECTORY SIMULATIONS BY THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE POINT-MASS EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR 7.62MM/.308” RIFLE BULLETS","authors":"Dr. Richa Rohatgi","doi":"10.17816/fm730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm730","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Simulations of free-flight trajectories of seven different 7.62mm/.308 rifle bullets (designated B0-B6) have been carried out by the numerical solution of the equations of motion. The average drag force coefficients (CD) for B0-B6 have been calculated by scaling the variation of CD with the Mach number of flight with reference to the G7 standard projectile. The Point-Mass trajectory model and its Flat-Fire approximation have been studied with and without the effect of range winds. The solutions of the systems of equations have been carried out by writing scripts in the Python programming language. It is observed that an increase in the bullet weight and consequently the sectional density lowers the CD. Furthermore, a hollow-point adds to the drag, while a plastic tip on the bullet reduces the drag, when compared to a FMJ or Spitzer bullet. As expected, it is seen that the bullet with the highest drag (B0) has the shortest range and lowest apogee, while lower drag bullets fly further and higher. The crossover of trajectories is observed at ~30 angle of gun elevation, which implies that the maximum range is not achieved when fired at 45, as is the case with vacuum trajectories. Flat-fire approximation of the point-mass model was also solved to observe trajectories and crosswind deflections of the bullets when fired at 5 angles of elevation. The simulated trajectories exhibit rigid trajectory behaviour about the origin/gun muzzle.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":" 37","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120971531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS \u0000«TOPICAL ISSUES OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND EXPERT PRACTICE-2022»","authors":"A. Maksimov","doi":"10.17816/fm724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm724","url":null,"abstract":"2021April 2022in the Moscow Regional ResearchInstitute named after M. F. Vladimirsky was held theInternational Congress TopicalIssues of Forensic Medicine and Expert Practice-2022. This article an overview of the mostimportant events of the Congress.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"465 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116509504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}