Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"E-scooters and associated injuries: forensic aspects (literature review)","authors":"M. S. Siedin, S. S. Plis, V. Klevno","doi":"10.17816/fm758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm758","url":null,"abstract":"Examinations in relation to living persons, as well as examinations of corpses of persons injured in incidents involving ground wheeled vehicles, continue to occupy one of the leading places in the practical activities of forensic medical experts. Over the past 3-5 years, means of individual mobility (hereinafter referred to as SIM) have become increasingly widespread. The use of SIM naturally leads to an increase in road accidents. To date, there is sufficient coverage of issues related to automobile, motorcycle and even bicycle injuries. However, there is no data on scooter trauma in the domestic forensic literature, which cannot be said about the work of foreign authors. This literature review provides some epidemiological data, as well as information on the mechanism and type of damage in cases of injuries involving electric scooters. Some statistical information of this kind of road incidents, including fatal ones, is shown. Scooter trauma is characterized by its seasonality with an upward trend mainly in the warm months of the year (summer, early autumn). Young persons who directly control electric scooters, as a rule, are especially often injured. The predominant type of incident is considered to be falls. The most \"traumatic\" parts are the head and limbs. Injuries, as a rule, are isolated in nature and can be both external (in the form of abrasions, bruises, wounds) and internal (in the form of fractures). Visceral injuries in scooter injuries are extremely rare.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132230127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETECTION OF CLOBAZAM AND ITS METABOLITE IN URINE DURING POISONING USING HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS","authors":"R. Kalekin","doi":"10.17816/fm705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm705","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The problem of determining the fact of acute and lethal poisoning with clobazam is still an urgent task of analytical toxicology. The medicinal substance clobazam belongs to the group of benzodiazepines, which is included in the list of psychoactive substances whose turnover is limited, since it has a high toxicity profile in overdose and abuse. \u0000Aims. To propose a simple, reliable and sensitive technique for the identification of clobazam and its metabolite in urine by the modern HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method. \u0000Materials and methods. We have described a simple and sensitive HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method for qualitative determination of clobazam in urine. \u0000Results. According to the results of the study, the retention time in the selected chromatography conditions for clobazam was 5.17 minutes, and its metabolite (norclobazam) found in urine was 4.56 minutes. The base peak for clobazam is 259 m/z, and for norclobazam it is 245 m/z. \u0000Conclusion. For the first time, a study is presented, which provides a validated method of chemical-toxicological examination for poisoning with clobazam by HPLC-MS /MS, tested both on a model mixture and on a real biological matrix of the patient's urine after taking clobazam. This technique can be used as a confirmatory research method and is an addition to the clinical picture in forensic medical examination. \u0000Keywords: clobazam, HPLC-QqQ-MS / MS, detection, urine sample preparation","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115057780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The possibilities of diagnosing stab-cut wounds in living persons using the results of computed tomography","authors":"Sergey Leonov","doi":"10.17816/fm716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm716","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Currently, such modern research methods as computer and magnetic resonance imaging (hereinafter CT and MRI) have been introduced into the medical and diagnostic practice of large hospitals. These research methods are used almost everywhere for the diagnosis of various types of injuries, and their results, together with the medical documents of the victims, law enforcement officials and courts provide to state forensic medical expert institutions for the production of forensic medical examinations. The study of CT and MRI results allows solving expert questions in cases of examinations and studies of living persons. \u0000Case presentation. The article presents a case from expert practice demonstrating the possibility of establishing the morphology and localization of stab-cut injuries, the number of traumatic effects and the direction of wound channels using the results of in vivo CT and using three-dimensional modeling. In the described expert case, initially in the submitted medical documents there were contradictory information about the number, localization and mechanism of formation of wounds inflicted on the victim. To eliminate the existing contradictions, the scars on the victim's body were examined, as well as the results of a CT scan performed on the victim in a medical institution upon admission. For a more complete visualization of external injuries, a three-dimensional model of the victim's body was recreated from CT data. As a result of the conducted research using the results of CT and three-dimensional modeling, it was possible to clearly recreate the picture of the injuries that the victim had and answer questions about the mechanism and conditions of their infliction. \u0000Conclusion. The described case demonstrates the possibilities of expert research and new methodological approaches to solving forensic problems, which is currently quite relevant, since virtopsia has been actively developing in forensic medicine in recent years. The research techniques described in the article may well be applied to a corpse with stab wounds, which will probably make it possible to more accurately visualize the direction and shape of the wound canal.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129289428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex determination using palm print ridge density among Egyptians","authors":"N. Ramadan, Asmaa Mohamed sayed Ahmed","doi":"10.17816/fm737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm737","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sex determination, as a part of the biological profile of a victim or assailant, plays an important role in resolving different forensic cases as it reduces susceptibility to its half (fifty percent). previous studies highlighted the role of palm print in sex identification, however, these studies were little when compared to fingerprints. \u0000Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 200 healthy young adults (113 males and 87 males, aged 18-22 years) from Cairo city, Egypt. The palm prints were taken by inking method and four areas of the palm print were analyzed to count the ridge density of each palm print area. \u0000Results: females describe higher ridge density than males in all palm areas with a significant high statistical difference (p0.001) for all areas of both hands. The areas of highest sexual discriminatory power for the right palm was Palmar area 4 (P4) and for the left palm was Palmar area 1 (P1) and sex could be accurately identified at an accuracy of 70 %. In addition, there was a significant correlation for ridge density in each palm area and other palm areas. \u0000Conclusion: the current study raises hope for the usage of palm print a newly added tool for sex identification in the forensic field, thus decreasing suspicion by fifty percent.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131285494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of morphological changes in the mandible associated with sexual dimorphism: A digital panoramic study.","authors":"K. Patil, Harshitha N, Sanjay Cj, Nagabhushana D, R. Kr, V. S","doi":"10.17816/fm706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm706","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The study aimed to measure, compare and distinguish the gender-related changes in the mandible among dentate of different age groups on digital panoramic radiographic images and to evaluate their reliability in sex determination that might serve as evidence in forensics. \u0000Methodology: Digital panoramic images were obtained for 420 patients, which included 210 males and 210 females. Various parameters such as gonial angle, condylar length, ramus length, cortical bone thickness and ramal notch width were measured and evaluated. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and two-way ANOVA test. \u0000Results: Comparison between gender groups showed statistically significant differences in all parameters with p 0.05 except the ramal notch width. The mean value of all parameters, was found to be comparatively higher in males. Among the groups, gonial angle and ramus length were found to be higher on right side, but in ramal notch width it was higher on left. The condylar length among males showed greater value on right side, and females showed greater value on left side. The cortical bone thickness among males depicted greater value on left side, and females depicted greater value on right side. Thus, all parameters except the ramal notch width were found to be reliable in sex determination. \u0000Conclusion: It was found that males had greater value when compared to females. Hence, this study recommends the use of these parameters for the purpose of sex determination.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116970277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL SIGNS OF FATAL ACUTE GENERAL COLD INJURY IN THE AIR","authors":"A. Chudakov, I. Tolmachev, A. Bozhchenko, Yulia Alexandrovna Khrustaleva","doi":"10.17816/fm742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm742","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents forensic information about morphological changes in persons who died from acute general cold injury in the air. The macro- and microscopic signs of cold injury have been clarified, supplemented and systematized. A quantitative assessment of the frequency of occurrence (detectability) of diagnostically significant signs, most often used in expert practice, is given. In its entirety, the established complex of characteristic and pathognomonic signs of general acute deep hypothermia allows reliable differential diagnosis of the cause of death during the forensic medical examination of a corpse.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123902188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF CYTOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS TO SOLVE THE QUESTION OF THE ORGANIC ORIGIN OF ANIMAL HORNS: A CASE FROM EXPERT PRACTICE.","authors":"A. Maltseva, A. Stolyarov","doi":"10.17816/fm704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm704","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. As the leading evidentiary mechanism in the investigation and disclosure of poaching cases is the conduct of forensic examinations. During the investigation, animal derivatives (horns, hooves, feathers) may be found and seized from poachers in addition to clothing, crime instruments and animal carcasses. Currently, it is the expensive horns of artiodactyls that are of the greatest value for extraction, and their quality is largely determined by the correctness of processing from the remnants of blood and skin and hair. Such processing does not allow the use of biological methods of analysis to establish the organic origin of the seized derivatives, and the conduct of genetic examination is complicated by the lack of proper equipment of laboratories with special equipment, appropriate reagents and the high cost of analysis. The purpose of the study is to use methods of forensic cytological examination, and in particular to establish the presence of cells and their tissue origin, to solve the question of the organic origin of the horns submitted for examination. Materials and methods. During the study, microparticles were obtained from the peripheral and central parts of the horns, from which pressed preparations were prepared, followed by their staining and microscopy. Results. Luminescent microscopy of preparations from solid plates of the central part of the horn stained with fluorochromes revealed osteocytes - cells characteristic of bone tissue. When azur eosin stained small particles from the peripheral part of the horn, epithelial cells that form the basis of the horn cover were detected. Conclusion. The identification of these cell types provides sufficient grounds for forming a conclusion about the organic origin of the horns presented for research.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127385109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEUROLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF DENTAL TREATMENT. LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FORMATION OF EXPERT CRITERIA.","authors":"E. Griga, A. Bozhchenko, I. Tolmachev, E. Borisova","doi":"10.17816/fm747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm747","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of modern literature data on defects and shortcomings in the provision of dental care to patients was performed. A consistently high number of commission and complex forensic medical examinations of the dental profile was noted. The absence of criteria for assessing the neurological consequences of dental treatment was revealed. \u0000Based on the results of the studies, scientific directions for studying the neurological consequences of dental treatment can be determined","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121918591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the mechanism of the formation of a traumatic brain injury, taking into account the data of multislice computed tomography: a case from expert practice.","authors":"Yulia Li, S. S. Plis, M. Vishnyakova, V. A. Klevno","doi":"10.17816/fm736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm736","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In the practice of a forensic medical expert, the question of the exact definition of a mechanism is often raised, which aims to identify accents during the investigation of a criminal case or on the basis of preliminary verification materials, when a sentence is passed, including the degree of guilt of each of the defendants in the case. On how significant the contribution of each of the choked cases was, respectively, depends on what the distribution of personality will be. In those cases where there is only one suspicion of the presence of bodily injuries, it is no less important for the investigation of the organs, it is determined which particular injuries in a sick person are manifested from a special effect on a person, and which ones are only consequences of a fatal confluence that take place at a given moment of time . In such a situation, a clear answer to the question about the disease often causes the disease, conducting an investigation, an adequately qualified act of suicide in accordance with the action of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. When it comes to the examination of victims, defendants and other persons (living persons), the situation is complicated by the fact that, in comparison with the examination of organs, the forensic expert is deprived of the opportunity to evaluate new material and evaluates only laboratory data, the results - instrumental methods of research and examination of a living face, often detected by the consequences of detection after a period of time after detection (weeks and periods). Description of the expert case. The results of multislice computed tomography of the brain, as a more accurate diagnostic method compared to standard radiography, coupled with the study of the presented video recording from surveillance cameras, made it possible to sequentially determine in the case of a severe traumatic brain injury what kind of bodily injuries occurred in the injured person from the direct impact of the attacker , and which - as a result of the subsequent fall with a blow to a hard blunt object, as well as to distinguish between damage to the impact and counter-impact zones. Conclusion. The analysis of this expert case allows us to conclude that modern methods of radiation diagnostics are important in forensic medicine, in particular, in determining the mechanism of traumatic brain injury.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130216908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLINICAL AND EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF DENTAL PROSTHESES IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLAINTS OF INTOLERANCE: CASES FROM EXPERT PRACTICE","authors":"O. Manin, Pavel Olegovich Romodanovskyi, L. V. Dubova, I.V. Zolotnitskiy","doi":"10.17816/fm697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm697","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of intolerance to structural materials of dentures is a complex multidisciplinary medical problem. To assess and solve the problem, close cooperation of dentists with doctors of other specialties is required. Criteria for a clinical and expert assessment of the state of dentures are proposed, with the help of which the examination tactics will be developed, differential diagnosis and treatment of patients with intolerance to the structural materials of dentures will increase, which will positively affect the effectiveness of dental orthopedic care. Based on the results obtained, it is planned to create an action algorithm for dentists, which will significantly reduce the number of complaints from patients, especially the elderly and senile, about the dental treatment provided, aimed at making fixed dentures.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121750692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}