Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A DOUBLE-EDGED WEAPON OR COMMISSION FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN CIVIL TRIAL ON MEDICAL CASES","authors":"A. A. Anisimov, E. S. Gilmetdinova, E. R. Nurmieva, G. Khamitova, V. A. Spiridonov","doi":"10.17816/fm675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm675","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To demonstrate a law case on bringing the medical organization of the first level to civil liability and recovering compensation for moral damage in the absence of direct causation between defects in the medical care and an unfavorable outcome. \u0000Сase presentation. Citizen A, 45 years old, was taken by ambulance to the emergency department of the Central Regional Hospital in the city M with complaints of acute abdominal pain. He was operated on for intestinal obstruction. The next day after the operation, due to severe condition, citizen A was transferred to the intensive care unit of the Emergency Hospital in the city N, where he died a few days later. A criminal case was initiated under Part 2 of Art. 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The relatives filed a civil claim for the total amount of 2,500,000 rubles. \u0000The commission forensic medical examination was unable to reliably establish the cause of death due to the improper execution of medical documentation. A causal relationship has not been established. The criminal case was dropped due to the absence of a crime event. \u0000The court of the first instance refused to satisfy the claims, as it considered the defendants' guilt unproven. \u0000The appellate court overturned this decision, justifying it by the fact that, given the improperly executed medical documentation, the defendants could not prove the compliance of the medical care provided to the established standards and thereby their innocence. The court recovered from the Central Regional Hospital of the city M and the Emergency Hospital of the city N compensation for non-pecuniary damage in the amount of 1,200,000 and 400,000 rubles, respectively. \u0000Conclusion. In civil disputes associated with harm to the life or health, the burden of proving innocence lies with the defendant. Healthcare institutions must take that fact into account when drawing up documents during medical care.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133032136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-play of trauma and disease- a case report","authors":"Jayanth S. Hosahally, Ankita Singh, Y. G. Girish Chandra","doi":"10.17816/fm708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm708","url":null,"abstract":"Determining cause and manner of death in medico legal cases is of paramount importance in forensic practice. A 29 year old woman was brought by the police for medico legal autopsy with history of assault by her boyfriend. As per the initial police investigation and crime scene visit by the police, the case was registered as culpable homicide amounting to murder. Autopsy revealed that the deceased had acute on chronic meningitis, a natural disease incompatible with life if left untreated. It was also observed that there was a faint ligature mark around neck and multiple contusions at places over the body. There were no features suggestive of asphyxia or other findings which could alone cause death. The deceased was alive for some time after the assault. Considering these facts, cause of death was attributed to meningitis and further it was opined that the assault could have expedited the death.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114271203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEW METHODS OF SECTIONAL STUDIES OF THE HUMAN PELVIS AND PERINEUM","authors":"S. Chemidronov, Vadim D. Kornilov, A. Kolsanov, Anatolii Ardashkin","doi":"10.17816/fm722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm722","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Background. Currently, the issue of developing methods of sectional studies for expert assessment in pelvis organs and perineum in road accidents, falls from a height, intentional injury of the perineum with any objects, sexual crimes remains relevant. \u0000The aim of the study is to develop standardized sectional methods for forensic examinations of the pelvis and perineum. \u0000Materials and methods. The material was 10 corpses of elderly and senile persons subject to pathologic anatomy examination no later than 8 hours after the death was confirmed. The paper considers 3 new methods for forensic studies of the pelvis and perineum: 1) study of the organ complex of the perineal region of a person (two men and one woman), 2) method of isolation of the perineal muscles (two women and two men), 3) method of access to the center of the perineum and the muscles that strengthen it (two women and one man). \u0000Results. Three new methods of forensic examination of the pelvis and perineum have been developed and patented. The method of isolating the organ complex of the perineal region of a person allows for sampling for expert studies of the organ complex of the pelvis and the perineal region of the corpse while preserving the topographic and anatomical relationships of organs and tissues. This method is of particular importance for expert studies of corpses with a large body weight. The method of perineal muscles isolating intended for visual access to examine the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm, intermuscular spaces and / or sampling tissue fragments for histological examination. The method of access to perineal center and associated muscles is intended for the study of urological or obstetric perineum and pelvic floor muscles. \u0000Conclusion. The proposed methods are recommended for sectional forensic studies in cases of suspicion of injuries and pathological processes of various genesis in pelvic region and perineum. These methods are simple in technical execution, including for expert studies of this area in corpses with a large body weight, do not require complex skills and special equipment.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132882420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Сharacteristics of the projectile trajectory after breaking through obstacles (biological material and triplex) fired from the «Horhe» non-lethal pistol and «Saiga» rifle","authors":"S. Leonov, N. Mikheeva, M. A. Suhareva, J. P. Shakiryanova","doi":"10.17816/fm690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm690","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: When conducting forensic and medico-criminalistic examinations in cases of gunshot injury, when establishing the possible relative position of the shooter and the victim, the direction of the release of fragments of the obstacle, its particles and the projectile is of great expert importance. The effect of projectile trajectory normalization by forensic experts has not been previously described - in the literature available to us there are only indications of changes in the projectile trajectory when breaking through an obstacle. Little knowledge of the topic, the lack of scientific developments on this study for more than 50 years prompted us to conduct an experimental study. \u0000AIMS: Study of the deviation of the emission of particles of obstacles, represented by biological material (pig skin) and laminated glass (triplex). \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of experimental shots were carried out with projectiles fired from a traumatic pistol Jorge and a carbine Saiga (a semi-shell bimetallic bullet with a lead core of a 5.4539 mm cartridge), it was noted that when breaking through both biological material and triplex glass located under angles of 4060 with respect to the line of sight, with a pre-obstruction distance of 1002001000 cm. Shots were fired from a distance of 12 m into a biological barrier, from 10 m ― into a triplex. The resulting damage was studied using visual, measuring, macroscopic, photographic analysis. \u0000RESULTS: The study showed that there is a discrepancy (change) in the trajectory of movement from the aiming line of secondary projectiles, which arose after the destruction of the barrier and the firearm, and its parts, formed as a result of the penetration of the barrier by a bullet. The deviation was fixed at a different value depending on the angle of inclination of the barrier. \u0000CONCLUSION: The results obtained can be taken into account when setting up various ballistic experiments, as well as in reconstructing the circumstances of the incident during forensic, medical-forensic and forensic ballistic examinations.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129695862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the problem of death of children from closure of respiratory tract by foreign object: expert observation","authors":"O. S. Lavrukova, Аleksei Yu. Polyakov, R. F. Beraya, V. Popov","doi":"10.17816/fm682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm682","url":null,"abstract":"In the special forensic literature, information on the deaths of children from mechanical asphyxiation as a result of closure of the airways by foreign objects is small and fragmentary, a small number of works are devoted to them, despite the fact that the social significance of this problem is great. \u0000An expert observation of a case of asphyxia developed in a child as a result of closure of the upper respiratory tract by a foreign object is given. The child played for 1.5 years and suddenly began to choke. A forensic examination of the corpse revealed the presence of a foreign body (part of a childs toy) in the area of the vocal cords, completely covering the lumen of the entrance to the larynx; acute pulmonary bloating, hemorrhages in soft tissues from the area of entrance to the larynx, foci of acute pulmonary alveoli emphysema, hemorrhages in pulmonary tissue, signs of rapid death. \u0000Forensic medical diagnosis: mechanical asphyxia from closing the lumen of the respiratory tract with a foreign body (the presence of a foreign body in the vocal cords, completely blocking the lumen of the entrance to the larynx; acute swelling of the lungs, hemorrhages in the soft tissues from the entrance to the larynx, foci of acute emphysema of the pulmonary alveoli, hemorrhages in the lung tissue, signs of rapid death). \u0000The work of a forensic medical expert is often hampered by the lack of clinical data and the circumstances of the incident, as well as difficulties in interpreting the results of the study. In cases where adults are present during the aspiration of a foreign body by a child, respiratory failure is recorded with cyanosis of the face, breath holding, followed by paroxysmal unproductive cough, which indicates an existing threat of asphyxia. In this expert observation, the detailed circumstances of the incident provided by law enforcement agencies and the asphyxic alertness of the expert helped to establish the cause of death and formulate a forensic diagnosis and conclusions. However, it is important to understand that cases of death of children from obstructive asphyxia are potentially preventable and require targeted preventive work.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126372922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of organizing the work of pathological and anatomical bureau (devices), forensic medical examination bureau in the conditions of COVID-19","authors":"E. A. Bogovskaya, O. Y. Aleksandrova, Angelina Boroday, Fedor G. Zabozlajev","doi":"10.17816/fm398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm398","url":null,"abstract":"The work of medical professionals is always associated with a risk to life, but during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, forensic experts and pathologists were faced with the need to diagnose a new and highly contagious disease in the presence of inadequate specific methodological guidelines. \u0000Optimization of work organization processes, analysis of risk factors for the spread of COVID-19 infection in pathological and anatomical bureaus (departments) and forensic medical examination bureaus is an urgent task of public health. Forensic pathologists and pathologists are among the most vulnerable groups of healthcare workers exposed to the risk of infection in the workplace during epidemics, pandemics, and in high-risk conditions when emerging infections such as COVID-19 coronavirus. \u0000The purpose of the study was to analyze and identify the problems of organizing the work of persons involved in forensic medical examinations, post-mortem examinations in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus. \u0000The study showed that the existing regulatory organization of the work of persons involved in the conduct of forensic medical examinations, post-mortem examinations does not allow to fully ensure the structural and procedural factors that regulate the activities of the personnel of pathological bureaus (departments) and forensic medical examination bureaus under the risk of coronavirus infection COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131720184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problems of determining of the age of bruises by modern diagnostic methods. Literature review","authors":"Anatoly V. Pligin, M. Kislov, A. Maksimov, V. A. Klevno","doi":"10.17816/fm699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm699","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of the age of bruises is an important task forensic medicine. The article provide a review of the literature concerning the state of the study of this problem. \u0000Traumatic hemorrhages, the most frequent injuries encountered in practice by a forensic medical expert, are formed as a result of accumulation of blood in the lesion due to rupture of blood vessels. Traditionally, the leading methods for determining the age of traumatic effects are macroscopy, colorimetry, radiography, impedance measurement, ultrasonography, infrared thermometry, spectrophotometry, etc. The difficulties of using instrumental methods are associated with the operation of devices, the high cost of equipment, and often with the contradictory opinion of the authors, which does not allow choosing a certain method. \u0000In various publications, the advantage is given to those methods that analyze color as the main characteristic of a bruise. In order to objectify this characteristic, is actively underway on the development of spectroscopy technologies capable of determining the spectrum of substances beyond the control of the human eye. A promising approach to establish the prescription of traumatic hemorrhages can be the method of hyperspectral spectroscopy by simultaneously capturing the image of a bruise and obtaining spectral, including spatial data of the studied skin area. The expediency of using hyperspectral technologies in forensic medical practice lies in the non-invasiveness of the study, harmlessness to living persons, compactness of the device, as well as the prospects of studying the lifetime of bruises in corpses. \u0000The conducted analysis of the literature creates the need to explore the possibilities of this method.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129265210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for studying the thanatogenesis and morphological manifestations of alcoholic cardiomyopathy","authors":"Boris N. Kulbitskiy, P. Dzhuvalyakov, D. Bogomolov, D. Sundukov, M. Fedulova, K. Kutsenko","doi":"10.17816/fm418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm418","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to analyze the current literature data on the morphology and thanatogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, as well as to determine further prospects for research on this issue. Domestic and foreign literary sources devoted to sudden death, pathomorphology of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, immunohistochemical and biochemical methods of its diagnosis were studied. As a result of the analysis, the essence of thanatogenesis in alcoholic cardiomyopathy is revealed, the prospect of immunohistochemical and morphometric methods is outlined. \u0000According to the literature data, based on the results of the studies, an approximate scheme of thanatogenesis and subsequent scientific directions for the study of investigative deaths in alcoholic cardiomyopathy, in search of other diseases, can be built. In the Australian literature, the benefits of immunohistochemical are used to elucidate the antecedent pathochemical consequences. Also, in relation to the diagnosis of death from alcoholic cardiomyopathy, thanatogenetic analysis can be provided, since the sequence of development of fatally significant events in the form of various sudden deaths is not the same. In the interpretation of the processes occurring at the end of thanatogenesis in the myocardium, polarization microscopic examination is indispensable. I would like to note a number of biochemical changes in alcoholic cardiomyopathy, which demonstrate some features of the course of metabolic processes in this pathology, especially since this method and the immunohistochemical study are more in line with the modern requirements of evidence-based medicine. \u0000As a result of the literature analysis, the essence of thanatogenesis in alcoholic cardiomyopathy was revealed, the prospect of immunohistochemical and morphometric methods was outlined.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130769430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic evaluation of ankle injury sustained as a result of a hoverboard impact: case from practice","authors":"M. S. Siedin, S. S. Plis, V. A. Klevno","doi":"10.17816/fm692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm692","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the so-called means of individual mobility are gaining high popularity. Their use naturally entailed an increase in the number of road incidents, as well as the number of examinations carried out. The question of the most traumatic parts of the human body, the type volume of injuries in this type of injury in the domestic forensic medical literature has not been studied to date. \u0000A description of the case from practice is given: citizen A. received an isolated injury to the right ankle joint when a person driving a hoverboard hit her. Citizen A. was hospitalized in the surgical department of the district hospital, where she underwent inpatient treatment and was discharged on the 16th day after the grass. The patient was examined by doctors, she underwent radiography of the right tibia. During the commission forensic medical examination on the case file with the examination of the victim, with the involvement of a radiologist as an expert and a detailed description of the radiographs, conclusions were made about the localization, nature, amount of damage, as well as the severity of the harm caused to health. \u0000Analysis of foreign studies suggests that injuries associated with the participation of gyroscooters occur mainly when falling with the formation of fractures of the bones of the upper limbs. However, some authors cite cases of lower limb injuries with ankle injury. This case confirms the research of some foreign authors. In addition, this case clearly illustrates the role and significance of an additional instrumental method of research (radiography) and objective examination of the injured of the expert commission.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117234202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathology of COVID-19","authors":"R. H. Sagidullin, A. A. Khalikov, Alina R. Nazmieva, K. O. Kuznetsov, Hyadi V. Kartoeva","doi":"10.17816/fm421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm421","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) has become a challenge for the health care system around the world due to the progressive increase in the number of cases with severe manifestations of the disease. Autopsy findings are fundamental and critical to better understanding how infection affects the human body. These data are needed to improve diagnostic and treatment methods, as well as to stratify risk groups. \u0000The purpose of the review is to analyze and summarize the pathological data available to date related to COVID-19. In COVID-19, the lungs are usually severe and swollen. Histologically, the most frequent is the detection of both exudative and proliferative diffuse alveolar injury with the formation of hyaline membranes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and stagnant small vessels. There is also evidence that SARS-CoV-2 causes endothelial dysfunction. There is still insufficient data to reflect the complete pathophysiological picture of SARS-CoV-2 infection. \u0000Almost all of the articles reviewed in this review focused on pulmonary macro- and microscopic changes; there is little data on the features of the virus affecting other organs and its systemic effect. Despite the tremendous attention and investment in the fight against the new coronavirus infection, diagnosis of most of the deaths associated with COVID-19 is difficult. \u0000It is necessary to conduct further pathological studies, the purpose of which should be the development of a standardized diagnostic method, as well as the isolation of pathognomonic signs of the disease.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127643579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}