Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL INTOXICATION ON THE SURVIVAL PERIOD IN SUBDURAL HEMORRHAGE","authors":"N. Averkin, A.R. Stolyarov, E. Kharitonov, Irina Zhivankina","doi":"10.17816/fm7130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm7130","url":null,"abstract":"Aims. to study the influence of alcohol intoxication on the survival period in subdural hemorrhage. \u0000Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted. 42 deaths from subdural hematoma were included, of which two groups were distinguished - those who died before medical care (n=20) and those who received medical care in a hospital (n=22). The circumstances of the injury, the amount of blood spilled under the dura mater, the presence and degree of alcohol intoxication were established, the level of consciousness on the Glasgow coma scale was noted. A histological examination of a subdural hematoma was performed to determine its prescription. \u0000Results. Street injuries and traffic accidents are the most common causes of subdural hematoma. In 52.3% of cases, hematomas are combined with skull fractures, in 73.8% with leptomeningeal hemorrhages, in 81% of cases with bruises and in 88% with cerebral edema. Unilateral subdural hematoma is more common than bilateral. The fact of alcoholic intoxication was recorded in most of the victims, while the concentration of ethyl alcohol in the blood of persons who died before medical care was 2 times higher. Significant correlations were established between the degree of impaired consciousness according to SHG and the concentration of ethyl alcohol in the blood (r = -0,701, p0,05), the volume of SDH (r= -0,526, p0,05) and the period of hospitalization (r=0,559, p0,05). \u0000Conclusion. Persons with subdural hemorrhage in a state of high degree of alcohol intoxication, as a rule, die before medical care is provided to them. At the same time, if help was provided, the outcome is most often unfavorable, accompanied by a shorter survival period even in the presence of a small hematoma. The histological method is currently the most optimal in terms of determining the prescription of subdural hematoma.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115628656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Victims of Alleged Sexual Assault","authors":"B. Hugar, Jayanth S. Hosahally, Y. G. Girish Chandra, S. Praveen","doi":"10.17816/fm6708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm6708","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Sexual assault has been a major concern to our society. It is one of the most underreported offences to the law enforcement agencies. Such offences are multi-faceted and certain details of the offence may be hard to be unearthed even after a thorough investigation. \u0000AIMS: To study factors associated with reporting of sexual assault cases and to correlate findings with the alleged history. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College Bangalore from January 2018 and December 2020. All victims of alleged sexual assault brought for medical examination to the Department of Forensic Medicine were interviewed through a detailed questionnaire after taking consent. Relevant information was sought from the victim and the consent from victims. Descriptive statistics for qualitative type of data were summarized using frequency and percentage. \u0000RESULTS: 82 victims those who had come to or brought by the parents or guardian or police with alleged history of sexual assault were subjected for medical examination. All of them were females except two juveniles. Majority of the victims (n=71, 86.5%) were less than 18 years of age and were considered as juvenile / minors under Indian law. Either the victims or their parents reported to the police in most of the cases (n=76, 92.7%). In 53.65% of the cases the alleged assaults were reported to the police after three days of alleged recent sexual assault. The purpose of reporting to the police was because of honour or pride of the parents / guardian in 59.75% of the cases. It was observed that only in four cases there were positive findings of recent penetrative sexual assault in the form of fresh hymeneal tears or presence of spermatozoa in the swabs taken during genital examination. \u0000CONCLUSION: Majority of the victims of alleged sexual assault were minors. Only 12% of them reported to the law enforcement directly without anybody persuading. More than 50% of victims presented to the hospital after 3 days of the alleged sexual assault. In most of minor victims the sexual intercourse was consented, but it was invalid since the girl below 18 years cannot consent for sexual intercourse. Majority of adult victims had consented for sexual intercourse on promise of marriage. In view of these, no physical injuries were seen on victims and positive evidence of sexual assault was detected only in 5% of cases.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127453957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract as a result of suicide attempt.","authors":"E. Mehdiyev","doi":"10.17816/fm5710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm5710","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common cases in practice is the adoption by mentally ill and healthy people of various objects and chemicals for the purpose of suicide.These observations are interesting as a matter of fact, a sick soldier at the age of 21, with the intention of suicide, swallowed 32 pieces of metal nails, each of which was about 15 cm long. Taking into account our examinations and observations, we can conclude that for mental patients who have taken foreign bodies for the purpose of suicide, the type and shape of the objects taken do not play a special role. The intellectual level of individuals who took foreign bodies with the intention of suicide is not satisfactory. Their actions are the product of primitive thinking.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129054491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X ANNIVERSARY INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS \u0000«TOPICAL ISSUES OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND EXPERT PRACTICE-2023»","authors":"V. A. Klevno","doi":"10.17816/fm10686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm10686","url":null,"abstract":"19 20April 2023in the Moscow Regional ResearchInstitute named after M. F. Vladimirsky was held the10th Anniversary International Congress TopicalIssues of Forensic Medicine and Expert Practice-2023. This article an overview of the mostimportant events of the Congress.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A RARE CASE OF DIAPHYSISAL FRACTURES OF THE SHIN BONES IN A CHILD WHEN JUMPING ON A TRAMPOLINE. WAYS TO PREVENT EXPERT ERRORS USING COMPLEX ANALYSIS OF RADIOGRAPHY DATA AND CASE MATERIALS: A CASE FROM PRACTICE","authors":"Yu-lin Li, V. A. Klevno, M. Vishniakova","doi":"10.17816/fm5955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm5955","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Given the significant contribution of childhood injuries to the structure of common problems associated with the health of the child, it is important during the examination to determine the exact mechanism of fractures, in particular, diaphyseal fractures of the shin bones, since the specification of the mechanism for the formation of bodily injuries leads to the actual origins of injuries and allows further development a set of preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of these situations, moreover, it sometimes makes it possible to accurately distribute the burden of responsibility for what happened between the defendants in the case. \u0000Description of the expert case. In the presented expert case, the circumstances of bodily injury described by the subject and her legal representative were not consistent with the type and nature of the fractures received during trampoline jumping, while the video recording from the surveillance camera did not provide complete information about the specific conditions of injury. A detailed analysis of the results of radiography of the shin bones, including the determination of the morphological features of fractures and their nature, as well as a frame-by-frame study of the presented video recording, made it possible for the expert to specify the mechanism of injury. \u0000Conclusion. \u0000The diaphyseal fractures of the shin bones of atypical localization for a \"trampoline injury\" detected in a child could serve as a source of expert errors in determining the mechanism of their occurrence, however, a thorough comprehensive assessment of all objects for examination submitted for examination: medical documents, including X-ray data, case materials, taking into account the age-specific morphology of the bone tissue of the child, it was possible to determine the exact mechanism of the occurrence of fractures.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123629310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF VARIOUS RESEARCH METHODS IN FORENSIC PRACTICE TO DETERMINE LIFETIME AND AGE OF INJURY: LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"F. Frolova, V. A. Klevno, F. Zabozlaev","doi":"10.17816/fm6696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm6696","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The problem of the prescription of damage formation has been of interest to forensic physicians since the XIX century to the present. After analyzing the literature sources on the problem of the prescription of traumatic hemorrhages, it becomes clear that there is no single position, approach to the study of this issue, an unambiguous time frame that accurately determines the period from injury to the moment of death of the victim. Both in the nineteenth century and in the twenty-first, forensic doctors initially focused on the macroscopic picture of the injury followed by microscopic examination. When studying micropreparations, they are guided by: the cellular composition of hemorrhage, based on already known data, on their own experience and knowledge in this matter, on the brief circumstances of the incident (if any are indicated in the direction of forensic histological examination), on the age of the victim. Over the years, with the acquired experience and accumulated knowledge, researchers have determined approximate, developed approximate time frames for the formation of damage, now taking into account not only the above parameters, but also the condition of the victim during and after the injury. But scientists have not come to a consensus. Medicine, achievements, progress and perseverance of scientists strive forward, involving related sciences in the study of antiquity. As a result, such methods as: molecular genetic, biophysical, biochemical, immunohistochemical, etc., have found their application, allowing to study not only the cellular composition, but also enzymatic, hormonal changes in damaged tissues. Instrumental methods are being developed: ultrasound. When using both laboratory and instrumental methods, as well as their combination, this problem remains completely unresolved.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127049644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TO THE QUESTION OF FORENSIC DIAGNOSIS OF THE CAUSE OF DEATH OF A HUMAN FROM THE EXPOSURE TO LOW TEMPERATURE IN WATER","authors":"Igor Anatolevich Tolmachev, Alexander Yuryevich Chudakov, Y. Khrustaleva, A. Bozhchenko","doi":"10.17816/fm797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm797","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Examination of corpses taken from the water often causes difficulties in forensic medical evaluation. \u0000Aim - proposal of a clarifying set of differential diagnostic features characteristic of a fatal cold injury in conditions of low water temperature. \u0000Material and methods. Clinical observations, forensic examination of the corpses of people who died from general hypothermia and drowning in ice water. \u0000Results. A complex of the most pronounced diagnostic signs for the differential diagnosis of acute deep hypothermia in water from other types of hypothermia and drowning was revealed. \u0000Conclusions. Morphofunctional changes in the internal organs have always been determined by the type, degree and speed of hypothermia. The most characteristic signs for a fatal cold injury in conditions of low water temperature depended on the state of the blood supply, the structure of organs and tissues. Pathological changes developed according to the type of edema, focal ischemia and focal necrosis.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116515562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TWO COMPONENTS OF THE FORENSIC ASSESSMENT PROCESS \u0000SEVERITY OF LOCAL INJURIES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYS-TEM THAT ARE NOT LIFE-THREATENING","authors":"Sergey N Kulikov","doi":"10.17816/fm6711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm6711","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we present the main explanatory provisions addressed to colleagues in the workshop and the authors of the article to the controversial definition of clause 6.11, 194th order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia in 2008. See order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2008 N 194n \"On the approval of Medical criteria for determining the severity of harm caused to human health.\" In the future - clause 6.11.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121126631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETHINKING THE PRINCIPLES OF WORK \u0000FORENSIC MEDICAL EXPERTS IN CASES OF EMERGENCIES WITH MASSIVE HUMAN CASUALTIES","authors":"A. V. Maksimov","doi":"10.17816/fm766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm766","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of the participation of forensic experts in the elimination of the consequences of emergencies with a large number of human casualties has remained relevant for many years. Every year there are more and more reports about problematic issues of the organization and provision of forensic medical support in cases of mass death of people, including in cases of armed conflicts. \u0000The presented report is an attempt to rethink the tasks and formulate the principles of work of forensic medical specialists working in emergency situations with mass death and unknown disappearance of people. \u0000Based on international and domestic experience, work is needed to standardize procedures and algorithms for registering primary information and identifying signs of the deceased. \u0000Standardized work algorithms and standardized forms are important components of the identification process of the deceased, will simplify and formalize the registration, description and further exchange of information regarding unidentified dead bodies, avoid mistakes and omissions","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133215984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON THE ISSUE OF USING THE RESULTS OF A VIRTUAL AUTOPSY (VIRTOPSY) DURING THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES. LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"","doi":"10.17816/fm774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm774","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose is to establish the norms of legislation regulating the use of the results of a virtopsy in the process of criminalistic support for the investigation of crimes, as well as to develop new proposals for improving legislation during forensic medical examination. Methods. The research material was the norms of the СPC of the RK and the RF regulating the use of virtopsy results; scientific publications of researchers on the topic under study in the field of forensic medicine and statistical data. The methodological basis of the research in this work is a system of methods of epistemological and dialectical analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction, as well as other general theoretical and special legal methods, which together allowed to reveal the main issues of applying the results of virtopsy in criminal cases. With the help of an effective combination of these methods of scientific research, it was possible to substantiate the most appropriate approaches to standardizing procedures and rules for using the results of a virtopsy for the effective investigation of crimes. Results. When studying these literature, a number of works have been published that present algorithms for using the results of computer modeling of a corpse in the investigative process, as well as legal aspects of the use of autopsy in the field of forensic expertise and the description of some medical cases. However, the comprehensive work covering the legal grounds for using the results of a virtopsy during an investigation and the practical aspects of using this method for evidence in certain categories of court hearings have not been sufficiently studied. A SWOT analysis of the virtopsy was carried out to improve the quality of crime investigation","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116291403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}