Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"On the issue of ensuring the protection of personal data by chipping certain categories of persons: review","authors":"Almas Muratovich Amirov, Y. Begaliyev, A. A. Baimakhanov, Dmitryi Valerievich Bakhteev","doi":"10.17816/fm16096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16096","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The article presents the results of the research regarding the chipping of certain categories of persons. \u0000 Aim of the study is to try to determine the effectiveness of this mechanism for the protection of personal data and as an examination tool. \u0000Materials and Methods. The norms of the legislation of Kazakhstan and foreign countries concerning the protection of personal; scientific publications on the subject, as well as on the conduct of expert examinations were studied. The works of scientists, in which the problems of computer-technical examinations, and also successful application of the newest technologies in forensic medical examinations are marked, were singled out. It should be noted that there are no holistic works concerning the possibility of chipping citizens, as well as the application of this technology in various spheres, including forensic examinations. \u0000 According to the results of the research, generalization of scientists' works, analysis of legislation, the authors of the work proposed the application of chipping of individual citizens for the protection of personal data. \u0000Conclusion. Based on the analysis and research of the legislation, the proposal on chipping of law enforcement officers, civil servants, employees of organizations that have access to state databases of personal data, employees of organizations that are the owner or operator of non-state database has been formulated. The proposed mechanism will provide an opportunity to increase the security and reduce the facts of unauthorized access to information, minimize the probable unlawful manifestations in relation to personal data and data with limited access. \u0000During the research the SWAT-analysis of the issues related to the chipping of certain categories of persons for the protection of personal data, as well as for other purposes was carried out. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the implementation of this technology were considered.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"92 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the issue of the use of an underwater drone during the study of drowned bodies: scientific review","authors":"Zhandos Zh Zhantureyev, Y. Begaliyev, Anna A. Aubakirova, Saken S Bertleuov","doi":"10.17816/fm16097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16097","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The article describes the effectiveness of an unmanned underwater vehicle (underwater drone) in the search for drowned people in reservoirs, as well as the impact of an underwater drone on the production of forensic examination of drowned corpses. \u0000The purpose is to establish the norms of legislation regulating the procedure for the use of an underwater drone in the process of forensic support of crime investigations. \u0000Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the norms of legislation regulating the procedure for the use of scientific and technical means in criminology, scientific publications of researchers in the field of forensic medical examination. The methodological basis of the research in this work is a system of general theoretical and special legal methods that allowed us to reveal the effectiveness of using an underwater drone during the study of drowned bodies. \u0000According to the results of the research, generalization of scientific papers, analysis of the use of scientific and technical means in the activities of law enforcement agencies of foreign countries, the authors proposed the use of an underwater drone for examining a corpse on the water. \u0000Conclusion. An underwater drone can reach places inaccessible to humans and help identify key details of the crime. During the investigation of crimes on the facts of drowning corpses, they play a special role – they allow you to analyze the condition of the victim's body without having to raise it to the surface, which facilitates further investigation. \u0000A SWOT analysis of the use of an underwater drone to improve the quality of crime investigation was carried out. According to the results of the study, the positive and negative sides of the use of an underwater drone in investigative actions were determined.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"53 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the problem of medical-forensic procedure of remote examination of living persons: scientific review","authors":"Anna N. Badanova, Y. Begaliyev, Vyasheslav Borisovich Shabanov, A. M. Seraliyeva, Zhanna Bekpolovna Shayakhmetovna","doi":"10.17816/fm16091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16091","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The article presents the results of a study on the use of the possibility of conducting a remote medical examination. \u0000Aim of the study is an attempt to develop new proposals for improving the medical examination procedure in an online format, taking into account all the features of this procedure. \u0000Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the norms of the criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries regulating the procedure for conducting medical examinations, remote investigative actions; scientific publications of researchers on the topic under study in the field of medicine. When studying the literature on this topic, the works of scientists affecting aspects of medical examination, problems arising during their production, as well as the description of individual medical cases conducted remotely were noticed. At the same time, we would like to note the absence of a comprehensive holistic work, including the algorithm of actions, the legal basis for conducting a medical examination in a remote format, as well as the practical advantages of their production in this order. \u0000Based on the results of the research, generalization of scientific papers, analysis of domestic and foreign legislation on the subject, the authors of the work proposed an algorithm for conducting medical examination in an online format. \u0000Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the national mechanism of medical examination, as well as research and adaptation of the norms of foreign legislation on the issue under consideration, proposals have been formulated to improve the conduct of medical examination. Proposed Algorithm for remote medical examination, a number of practical tasks have been solved, which will significantly increase the efficiency of their production. \u0000In addition, the work carried out a SWOT - analysis of the remote medical examination, where the positive and negative sides of the introduction of the institute of remote medical examinations were noted. The trends and risks of their implementation in practice are considered.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"371 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochipping in forensic medicine as a technology for determining consent to harm: a scientific review","authors":"Zhanar Tukenova","doi":"10.17816/fm16092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16092","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The article deals with the issues of determining consent to harm, as grounds for excluding crime, through the prism of the totality of mental and physiological processes in the victim's body, taking into account the analysis of the emotional attitude to the traumatic situation. \u0000Aim. An attempt is made to use the interrelation of the emotional reactions of the organism to the stimulus, through its mental and chemical manifestations, to establish the nature of the attitude of the victim of violence to a specific action. \u0000Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the norms of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign states on the meaning of the victim's consent to harm to his or her peers and interests, in particular in cases of sexual inviolability. When studying the literature on this topic, the relationship between the subjective attitude of the victim of violence and the chemical and physiological processes in the body was noted. The achievements of scientists in determining chemical and physiological signs of stress in real time on the example of bioanalysts- biochips are analyzed. \u0000Based on the results of the research, generalization of scientific works, analysis of legislation on the subject, the authors of the work considered the evidentiary value of these technologies as a way to determine the consent of the victim in the absence of signs of stress at the time of exposure. \u0000Conclusion. The use of biochips with analyzers of chemical and physiological changes in the human body in real time will not only determine the stress state of the victim at the time of the attack, as a sign of consent or refusal to act, but also expand the possibilities of not only forensic medicine, but also in general practical medicine in early diagnosis of diseases and prompt treatment. \u0000In addition, the work carried out a SWOT analysis of the use of biocyping to resolve the issue of determining the victim's consent to harm, excluding the possibility of manipulation and falsification of evidence.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chipping pedophiles as an alternative to chemical castration","authors":"M. R. Mukanov","doi":"10.17816/fm15175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm15175","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the possibility of chipping persons who have committed sexual crimes against minors as an alternative to chemical castration. The relevance of the chosen research topic is confirmed by disappointing statistics. At the same time, currently, chipping of certain categories of citizens is not legalized. But there is already an example of a legislative regulation of the use of electronic tracking tools against suspects and convicted persons. Biochips may well be attributed to such means. At the same time, the author suggests the expediency of fixing chipping in criminal legislation as another compulsory medical measure.In the course of the study, an attempt was made to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the technology in question in comparison with chemical castration. From the point of view of medicine, chipping compared to chemical castration is safer for health, as well as cheaper. The only thing in which chipping is still inferior to chemical castration is in the matter of legislative regulation and data security, the solution of which is a matter of time. The author concludes that the use of chip technology in relation to pedophiles is a more effective and cheaper alternative to their chemical castration.The SWOT analysis made it possible to determine the strengths and weaknesses of pedophile chipping, as well as the capabilities of this technology and potential threats to its use. As a result, the predominance of the strengths of the application of the technology in question over the weaknesses was revealed.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochipping in forensic medicine as a technology for determining consent to harm: a scientific review","authors":"Zhanar Tukenova","doi":"10.17816/fm16092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16092","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The article deals with the issues of determining consent to harm, as grounds for excluding crime, through the prism of the totality of mental and physiological processes in the victim's body, taking into account the analysis of the emotional attitude to the traumatic situation. \u0000Aim. An attempt is made to use the interrelation of the emotional reactions of the organism to the stimulus, through its mental and chemical manifestations, to establish the nature of the attitude of the victim of violence to a specific action. \u0000Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the norms of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign states on the meaning of the victim's consent to harm to his or her peers and interests, in particular in cases of sexual inviolability. When studying the literature on this topic, the relationship between the subjective attitude of the victim of violence and the chemical and physiological processes in the body was noted. The achievements of scientists in determining chemical and physiological signs of stress in real time on the example of bioanalysts- biochips are analyzed. \u0000Based on the results of the research, generalization of scientific works, analysis of legislation on the subject, the authors of the work considered the evidentiary value of these technologies as a way to determine the consent of the victim in the absence of signs of stress at the time of exposure. \u0000Conclusion. The use of biochips with analyzers of chemical and physiological changes in the human body in real time will not only determine the stress state of the victim at the time of the attack, as a sign of consent or refusal to act, but also expand the possibilities of not only forensic medicine, but also in general practical medicine in early diagnosis of diseases and prompt treatment. \u0000In addition, the work carried out a SWOT analysis of the use of biocyping to resolve the issue of determining the victim's consent to harm, excluding the possibility of manipulation and falsification of evidence.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"163 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chipping pedophiles as an alternative to chemical castration","authors":"M. R. Mukanov","doi":"10.17816/fm15175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm15175","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the possibility of chipping persons who have committed sexual crimes against minors as an alternative to chemical castration. The relevance of the chosen research topic is confirmed by disappointing statistics. At the same time, currently, chipping of certain categories of citizens is not legalized. But there is already an example of a legislative regulation of the use of electronic tracking tools against suspects and convicted persons. Biochips may well be attributed to such means. At the same time, the author suggests the expediency of fixing chipping in criminal legislation as another compulsory medical measure.In the course of the study, an attempt was made to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the technology in question in comparison with chemical castration. From the point of view of medicine, chipping compared to chemical castration is safer for health, as well as cheaper. The only thing in which chipping is still inferior to chemical castration is in the matter of legislative regulation and data security, the solution of which is a matter of time. The author concludes that the use of chip technology in relation to pedophiles is a more effective and cheaper alternative to their chemical castration.The SWOT analysis made it possible to determine the strengths and weaknesses of pedophile chipping, as well as the capabilities of this technology and potential threats to its use. As a result, the predominance of the strengths of the application of the technology in question over the weaknesses was revealed.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the problem of medical-forensic procedure of remote examination of living persons: scientific review","authors":"Anna N. Badanova, Y. Begaliyev, Vyasheslav Borisovich Shabanov, A. M. Seraliyeva, Zhanna Bekpolovna Shayakhmetovna","doi":"10.17816/fm16091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16091","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The article presents the results of a study on the use of the possibility of conducting a remote medical examination. \u0000Aim of the study is an attempt to develop new proposals for improving the medical examination procedure in an online format, taking into account all the features of this procedure. \u0000Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the norms of the criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries regulating the procedure for conducting medical examinations, remote investigative actions; scientific publications of researchers on the topic under study in the field of medicine. When studying the literature on this topic, the works of scientists affecting aspects of medical examination, problems arising during their production, as well as the description of individual medical cases conducted remotely were noticed. At the same time, we would like to note the absence of a comprehensive holistic work, including the algorithm of actions, the legal basis for conducting a medical examination in a remote format, as well as the practical advantages of their production in this order. \u0000Based on the results of the research, generalization of scientific papers, analysis of domestic and foreign legislation on the subject, the authors of the work proposed an algorithm for conducting medical examination in an online format. \u0000Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the national mechanism of medical examination, as well as research and adaptation of the norms of foreign legislation on the issue under consideration, proposals have been formulated to improve the conduct of medical examination. Proposed Algorithm for remote medical examination, a number of practical tasks have been solved, which will significantly increase the efficiency of their production. \u0000In addition, the work carried out a SWOT - analysis of the remote medical examination, where the positive and negative sides of the introduction of the institute of remote medical examinations were noted. The trends and risks of their implementation in practice are considered.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed deaths in near hanging cases- An autopsy study of causes and associated factors","authors":"Jayanth S. Hosahally, Girish Chandra Y.P, B. Hugar","doi":"10.17816/fm14218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm14218","url":null,"abstract":"Background Near hanging cases are those who survive an attempt of hanging injury for varied duration. Such cases while being hospitalised succumb to complications resulting in delayed deaths. This study evaluates various factors associated with delayed causes of death in near hanging cases and provides insight in improving the emergency services. Material Methods A prospective autopsy based study was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College between 2012 and 2021. All near hanging cases who were hospitalised and later having succumbed to complications and subsequently subjected for medico-legal autopsy were included in the study. Results Females in the age group of 19-30 yrs were commonly the victims. More than half of them could reach the hospital within 30 mins to 1 hour. 47.8 % of them were suspended for between 1 to 3 mins. 65% survived for more than a day. Partial hanging with faint ligature mark was more common. 95.7% of them had taken off from a platform with falling height of less than 1 metre. Cerebral oedema and consolidation were the common post mortem findings in brain and lungs. Cause of death was attributed to hypoxic encephalopathy in majority of the cases. Conclusion Longer the duration of suspension, more the height of fall, no history of contact with ground while being suspended, cerebral oedema, hypoxia, pulmonary oedema, hypotension and need for resuscitation are the predictors of fatal outcome in near hanging cases.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of Poisoning Cases in a Tertiary Care Centre in Rural South India","authors":"Geetha Kb, Jayanth S Hoshally, M. Prakash","doi":"10.17816/fm14217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm14217","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Poisoning is the fourth most common cause of mortality in rural India. The commonest agents in India appear to be pesticides, sedatives, chemicals, alcohol, animal plant toxins and household toxins. Our hospital receives an average of 20 to 25 poisoning cases every month. Aims and Objectives To profile all cases of poisoning those are reported to casualty department at CDSIMER. To study the types and frequency of poisoning cases admitted to the centre. To study the socio demographic associations of the poisoning cases Material and Methods Present study is a hospital record-based retrospective observational study of acute poisoning cases registered in the medicolegal register in the casualty of CDSIMER, which is a tertiary care centre situated in rural area near Harohalli, Ramanagara District, India. Results Males constituted 58% of the cases and 33.52 % of the cases were in the age group of 21-30 years. 81.4 % of the cases were able to reach hospital between 1 to 8 hours. 56 % of the cases recovered and were discharged within 3 days. In 22 cases the duration of admission was more than 2 weeks as they went into complications. Organo phosphorus group of insecticide was the most common type of poison consumed constituting to 40.8 % of the cases followed by Snake bite. Attempt to suicide (60.35%) was more common than accidental poisoning. Conclusion Insecticides mainly Organophosphorus compound are the most common group of poisons which causes morbidity and mortality in rural Indian population especially in young adults between 21 to 40 years. Owing to the presence of forests in the region, Snake bite becomes the second largest type of poisoning. Suicide frequently prevails in the rural areas; financial problem is the leading cause for farmers to commit suicide.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}