Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Review of the monograph \"Improving the forensic \u0000medical examination of a corpse\"","authors":"Maksim Kislov","doi":"10.17816/fm16104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16104","url":null,"abstract":"The author gives a review of the monograph \"Improving the forensic medical examination of a corpse\", prepared by a team of authors O.B. Dolgova, V.I. Starodubov, P.O. Romodanovsky, N.V. Nozhkina. \u0000The monograph is devoted to a scientific approach to improving the forensic medical examination of a corpse, contains data on the regulatory and legal regulation of expert activities and scientific and methodological quality assurance of examinations, the authors present the results of an analysis of the opinions of state bodies and the medical service on the process of forensic medical examinations, data on forensic diagnostics of violent and nonviolent death, criteria and approaches to assess the qualitative component of expert activity; the concept of effective stage-by-stage training of a forensic medical expert at a medical university is proposed, the importance of the quality of forensic medical examination for improving methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients in medical organizations is determined. \u0000The publication is intended for forensic medical experts and medical practitioners, health care organizers, residents, graduate students studying in the specialty \"forensic medical examination\", including it can be recommended to judicial investigative authorities and a wide range of readers.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the application of artificial intelligence and chipping of persons in forensic medicine: review","authors":"Mukhtar B. Sadykov, Y. Begaliyev, D. Bakhteev, Assel N. Kaziyeva, Oleg B. Khussainov","doi":"10.17816/fm16093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16093","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The article presents the results of a study on the use of artificial intelligence and human microchipping in forensic medical expertise. \u0000The aim of the study is to review the practice of using artificial intelligence and human chipping in the context of their use in forensic medicine, as well as to identify ethical and legal issues regarding the integration of artificial intelligence and human chipping in forensic medicine. \u0000Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the works from scientists of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries aimed at studying the use of artificial intelligence and human chipping in the context of use in forensic medical examination. As a result of the literature review, it was noted that the greatest application of artificial intelligence systems at this stage of development of science and technology was found in forensic psychiatry. We note the lack of research on the use of human microchipping for forensic purposes. In general, there is a lack of work addressing the topic of the synergy of artificial intelligence and human chipping for use in forensic medicine, as well as the legal and ethical aspects of their use in this area. \u0000Based on the results of the study, generalization of scientific works, analysis of domestic and foreign experience on the issue, the authors of the work developed ethical and legal aspects of the integration of artificial intelligence and human chipping in forensic medicine. \u0000Conclusion. Based on the study of literature and the practice of using artificial intelligence and human chipping in forensic medicine, legal aspects related to the synergy of artificial intelligence and human chipping have been identified, which can be divided into several key areas: confidentiality and data security, informed consent, ownership and control;","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"334 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the problem of forensic research of torture through the use of artificial intelligence system: scientific review","authors":"Yerbol Galymovich Chonbayev, Y. Begaliyev, Guldana Amangeldievna Kuanaliyeva, Berik Mazhitovich Imashev, Syrym Avgustkhanovich Avgustkhan","doi":"10.17816/fm16102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16102","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the use of artificial intelligence in order to identify violations and deficiencies in the activities of forensic institutions and law enforcement agencies, as well as chipping employees of criminal prosecution agencies in order to prevent illegal investigative methods, including torture. \u0000The legislation of foreign countries regulating the procedure for conducting medical research and investigating cases of torture is considered. \u0000In terms of obtaining high-quality materials for examining the scene of an accident and using their results during a forensic medical study, the authors proposed a \"Modular kit for recording the results of an inspection of the scene\" (utility model patent dated 08/04/2023). \u0000The authors of the paper propose the procedure for using artificial intelligence to improve the quality of work of criminal prosecution bodies and forensic institutions. A SWOT analysis of the use of artificial intelligence to improve the quality of law enforcement agencies and forensic institutions was carried out. Based on the results, the positive and negative sides of the use of artificial intelligence are determined. \u0000Based on the analysis of the national mechanism for conducting forensic research, proposals have been formulated to improve the work of investigators and forensic experts.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the role of virtual reality in improving forensic examination in cases of violation of labor protection rules: a scientific review","authors":"Samal Kassenova, Denis V. Voyevodkin","doi":"10.17816/fm16105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16105","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to analyze the impact of virtual reality on the process and outcomes of forensic examination in cases of labor safety violations to enhance efficiency, objectivity, and safety of the process. \u0000The research materials include regulatory acts governing forensic examination in the field of labor safety violations, including laws, rules, documentation from previous cases, and official recommendations for conducting forensic examinations. Scientific publications on the influence of virtual reality on forensic examinations and the general theme of workplace safety were also used as sources. \u0000The research methodology involved creating a three-dimensional virtual environment with scenarios of labor safety violations, involving an expert in virtual reality for conducting forensic examinations, comparing the results with traditional examinations, and obtaining feedback through surveys and interviews. Experiments were conducted using virtual reality glasses, motion trackers, and sound systems in controlled virtual spaces. \u0000Based on the research results, authors proposed an algorithm for conducting forensic examinations in the field of labor safety using virtual reality. This algorithm includes steps for creating a virtual environment, interacting with the expert in virtual space, comparing results with traditional examinations, and analyzing the obtained data. The proposed algorithm can serve as a basis for developing more effective and safe methods of conducting forensic examinations in virtual reality. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the conducted research aimed at integrating virtual reality into the process of forensic medical examination, the following measures are proposed for improving this process: \u0000First and foremost, it is essential to actively implement virtual reality technologies in forensic medical examinations, providing specialists with access to modern programs and equipment. The development of detailed three-dimensional models of bodily injuries simulating real incident scenarios will allow for a more precise and objective assessment of injuries.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Forensic Study of the Biochip as a Tool to Prevent Child Trafficking: A Scientific Review","authors":"Nurlanali Myrzabaev, Y. Begaliyev, Guldana Amangeldievna Kuanalieva, A. A. Baimakhanov, Z. A. Kuranbek","doi":"10.17816/fm16101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16101","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this article lies in the fact that in different countries the practice of using the institute of chipping is spreading to preserve the life and health of children, to protect them from committing crimes. \u0000The aim is to study the institute of chipping children from a legal, forensic, social and technological point of view to identify its advantages and disadvantages as a means of preventing child trafficking. \u0000Materials and methods. When writing the work, general scientific and special methods were used. The theoretical part of the work was formed and the existing normative documents on the topic were investigated and individual results of the work were achieved using specially scientific methods. \u0000The position of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding chip technology is evaluated by the formal legal method. A conclusion was made about the compliance of legislation with modern realities, and the institute of chipping was investigated for compliance with the Basic Law of the State – the Constitution. \u0000Based on the results of the research, generalization of scientific works, analysis of legislation on the subject, the authors of the work proposed ways to solve the problem of forensic examination of the biochip as a means of preventing child trafficking. \u0000Conclusion. A comprehensive study of the expediency and legality of using the institute of chipping minors in order to prevent crimes, as well as the impact of technology on children, has been conducted. The article is of practical importance, since it introduces into legal science a new comprehensive view of the institute of chipping and its application in relation to minors. \u0000The article presents a SWOT analysis of the use of a biochip to address the issue of its application in the field under consideration, which revealed the advantages and disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"136 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Forensic Study of the Biochip as a Tool to Prevent Child Trafficking: A Scientific Review","authors":"Nurlanali Myrzabaev, Y. Begaliyev, Guldana Amangeldievna Kuanalieva, A. A. Baimakhanov, Z. A. Kuranbek","doi":"10.17816/fm16101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16101","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this article lies in the fact that in different countries the practice of using the institute of chipping is spreading to preserve the life and health of children, to protect them from committing crimes. \u0000The aim is to study the institute of chipping children from a legal, forensic, social and technological point of view to identify its advantages and disadvantages as a means of preventing child trafficking. \u0000Materials and methods. When writing the work, general scientific and special methods were used. The theoretical part of the work was formed and the existing normative documents on the topic were investigated and individual results of the work were achieved using specially scientific methods. \u0000The position of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding chip technology is evaluated by the formal legal method. A conclusion was made about the compliance of legislation with modern realities, and the institute of chipping was investigated for compliance with the Basic Law of the State – the Constitution. \u0000Based on the results of the research, generalization of scientific works, analysis of legislation on the subject, the authors of the work proposed ways to solve the problem of forensic examination of the biochip as a means of preventing child trafficking. \u0000Conclusion. A comprehensive study of the expediency and legality of using the institute of chipping minors in order to prevent crimes, as well as the impact of technology on children, has been conducted. The article is of practical importance, since it introduces into legal science a new comprehensive view of the institute of chipping and its application in relation to minors. \u0000The article presents a SWOT analysis of the use of a biochip to address the issue of its application in the field under consideration, which revealed the advantages and disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"30 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the issue of ensuring the protection of personal data by chipping certain categories of persons: review","authors":"Almas Muratovich Amirov, Y. Begaliyev, A. A. Baimakhanov, Dmitryi Valerievich Bakhteev","doi":"10.17816/fm16096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16096","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The article presents the results of the research regarding the chipping of certain categories of persons. \u0000 Aim of the study is to try to determine the effectiveness of this mechanism for the protection of personal data and as an examination tool. \u0000Materials and Methods. The norms of the legislation of Kazakhstan and foreign countries concerning the protection of personal; scientific publications on the subject, as well as on the conduct of expert examinations were studied. The works of scientists, in which the problems of computer-technical examinations, and also successful application of the newest technologies in forensic medical examinations are marked, were singled out. It should be noted that there are no holistic works concerning the possibility of chipping citizens, as well as the application of this technology in various spheres, including forensic examinations. \u0000 According to the results of the research, generalization of scientists' works, analysis of legislation, the authors of the work proposed the application of chipping of individual citizens for the protection of personal data. \u0000Conclusion. Based on the analysis and research of the legislation, the proposal on chipping of law enforcement officers, civil servants, employees of organizations that have access to state databases of personal data, employees of organizations that are the owner or operator of non-state database has been formulated. The proposed mechanism will provide an opportunity to increase the security and reduce the facts of unauthorized access to information, minimize the probable unlawful manifestations in relation to personal data and data with limited access. \u0000During the research the SWAT-analysis of the issues related to the chipping of certain categories of persons for the protection of personal data, as well as for other purposes was carried out. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the implementation of this technology were considered.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"63 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the problem of using chipping technology and DNA identification during the identification of a minor: scientific review","authors":"Aitolkyn Bugybaykyzy Doszhanova, Y. Begaliyev, Zhanar Kuanyshbaykyzy Kurmangali, Berik Mazhitovich Imashev","doi":"10.17816/fm16095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16095","url":null,"abstract":"Aim is to identify problems and prospects for the use of information and communication technologies in the identification of juvenile offenders. \u0000Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is a universal dialectical method of cognition of the process of establishing the identity of a juvenile offender using such information and communication technologies as chipping and genomic identification. Comparative-legal analysis was used, which allowed to identify the possibility of using chipping and genomic identification in the RK when establishing the identity of a juvenile offender. \u0000Results. Currently, Kazakhstani society rejects the possibility of chipping people, much less children. Therefore, it is important to consider all aspects and carefully analyze possible consequences before making a decision regarding this technology. But today the activity of Kazakhstani law enforcement agencies is unthinkable without the use of information technologies. To improve this process it is necessary to develop new modern systems of personal identification and create a database of biometric parameters. \u0000Conclusion. Genomic registration is a relatively new and developing area for Kazakhstan. However, improvement of legislation in this area and integration with other methods of forensic registration (dactyloscopic and habitoscopic) will significantly increase the efficiency of crime detection and investigation. It will also ensure prompt and accurate identification of criminals. In addition, the DNA-based registration system effectively eliminates the need to use other specialized forms of record-keeping, as it ensures high accuracy in the identification of individuals.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"10 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the issue of the use of an underwater drone during the study of drowned bodies: scientific review","authors":"Zhandos Zh Zhantureyev, Y. Begaliyev, Anna A. Aubakirova, Saken S Bertleuov","doi":"10.17816/fm16097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16097","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The article describes the effectiveness of an unmanned underwater vehicle (underwater drone) in the search for drowned people in reservoirs, as well as the impact of an underwater drone on the production of forensic examination of drowned corpses. \u0000The purpose is to establish the norms of legislation regulating the procedure for the use of an underwater drone in the process of forensic support of crime investigations. \u0000Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the norms of legislation regulating the procedure for the use of scientific and technical means in criminology, scientific publications of researchers in the field of forensic medical examination. The methodological basis of the research in this work is a system of general theoretical and special legal methods that allowed us to reveal the effectiveness of using an underwater drone during the study of drowned bodies. \u0000According to the results of the research, generalization of scientific papers, analysis of the use of scientific and technical means in the activities of law enforcement agencies of foreign countries, the authors proposed the use of an underwater drone for examining a corpse on the water. \u0000Conclusion. An underwater drone can reach places inaccessible to humans and help identify key details of the crime. During the investigation of crimes on the facts of drowning corpses, they play a special role – they allow you to analyze the condition of the victim's body without having to raise it to the surface, which facilitates further investigation. \u0000A SWOT analysis of the use of an underwater drone to improve the quality of crime investigation was carried out. According to the results of the study, the positive and negative sides of the use of an underwater drone in investigative actions were determined.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the problem of using chipping technology and DNA identification during the identification of a minor: scientific review","authors":"Aitolkyn Bugybaykyzy Doszhanova, Y. Begaliyev, Zhanar Kuanyshbaykyzy Kurmangali, Berik Mazhitovich Imashev","doi":"10.17816/fm16095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16095","url":null,"abstract":"Aim is to identify problems and prospects for the use of information and communication technologies in the identification of juvenile offenders. \u0000Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is a universal dialectical method of cognition of the process of establishing the identity of a juvenile offender using such information and communication technologies as chipping and genomic identification. Comparative-legal analysis was used, which allowed to identify the possibility of using chipping and genomic identification in the RK when establishing the identity of a juvenile offender. \u0000Results. Currently, Kazakhstani society rejects the possibility of chipping people, much less children. Therefore, it is important to consider all aspects and carefully analyze possible consequences before making a decision regarding this technology. But today the activity of Kazakhstani law enforcement agencies is unthinkable without the use of information technologies. To improve this process it is necessary to develop new modern systems of personal identification and create a database of biometric parameters. \u0000Conclusion. Genomic registration is a relatively new and developing area for Kazakhstan. However, improvement of legislation in this area and integration with other methods of forensic registration (dactyloscopic and habitoscopic) will significantly increase the efficiency of crime detection and investigation. It will also ensure prompt and accurate identification of criminals. In addition, the DNA-based registration system effectively eliminates the need to use other specialized forms of record-keeping, as it ensures high accuracy in the identification of individuals.","PeriodicalId":346404,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"124 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}