Current Research in Insect Science最新文献

{"title":"A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid identification of Ceratitis capitata and related species","authors":"Wannes Dermauw,&nbsp;Yannick Van Moerkercke,&nbsp;Negin Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Hans Casteels,&nbsp;Jochem Bonte,&nbsp;Johan Witters","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>True fruit flies (Tephritidae) are among the most destructive agricultural pests in the world, attacking a wide range of fruits and vegetables. The Mediterranean fruit fly <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> is a highly polyphagous species but, being widely established in the Mediterranean region, is not considered as a EU quarantine pest. Hence, it is important to discriminate <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> from non-EU tephritid species, present in imported fruit and vegetables, as non-EU species have a quarantine status. However, morphological identification of tephritid larvae, the most frequently intercepted stage in non-EU produce, is difficult and an easy-to-use molecular diagnostic tool would be helpful for rapid species identification. Therefore, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was developed for <em>C. capitata</em> and non-EU tephritids <em>Ceratitis cosyra</em> group1 and <em>Ceratitis</em> species from the FARQ complex, <em>C. fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa</em> and <em>C. quilicii</em>. LAMP assays were run with DNA from ILVO collected specimens and DNA samples collected during previous research surveys. LAMP primers were species-specific, with LAMP amplification occurring within 45 minutes for the targeted species. In addition, LAMP assays were successful for all <em>C. capitata</em> life stages or a limited amount of tissue. To conclude, the LAMP assays developed in this study were able to distinguish <em>C. capitata</em> from non-EU Tephritidae species and could be a useful tool for the rapid identification of <em>C. capitata</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/56/main.PMC9387498.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40634792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of photoperiod on thermal responses in body size, growth and development in Lycaena phlaeas (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)","authors":"Maryam Semsar-kazerouni,&nbsp;Henk Siepel,&nbsp;Wilco C.E.P. Verberk","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many ectotherms species grow faster but attain a smaller body size when reared under warmer conditions, a phenomenon known as the Temperature-Size Rule (TSR). This rule appears to be stronger in aquatic ectotherms than in terrestrial ectotherms. The difference could be related to difficulties for oxygen uptake in water, whereas on land, adaptive responses in body size may relate to seasonal time constraints. To assess the role of seasonal time constraints in temperature size response of terrestrial ectotherms, we reared the small copper <em>Lycaena phlaeas</em> at three temperatures (18 ˚C, 23˚C and 28˚C) and two photoperiods (16L: 8D and 12L: 12D). We examined whether differences in body size across treatments was related to (1) differences in growth and development, (2) differences in breakpoints during growth trajectories, or (3) differences in ommatidia size (as a proxy for cell size). We found a weak inverse relationship between developmental temperature and the body size of adult butterflies; adult size decreased by approximately 1% for every degree warmer. Under warmer temperatures, caterpillars developed more quickly and had higher growth rates but reached a smaller body size. Under a short photoperiod, both growth and development were slower, especially at the two lower temperatures, but the body size resulting from slow growth over a longer developmental period did not vary with photoperiod. Breakpoints in growth trajectories occurred when larvae reached ∼40% of their maximum mass and these breakpoints were strongly correlated with the size of the resulting adults, suggesting that adult size is predetermined at an early stage. Temperature did not appear to cause reductions in body size through reductions in cell size. Butterflies were largely able to buffer their body size by modulating larval growth and development in tandem. They appear to use photoperiod as a cue to gauge the availability of time (with 12L: 12D indicating less time available) while temperature speeds up growth and development and as such governs the amount of time they need to complete a developmental cycle. Temperature and photoperiod thus induce changes in voltinism to fit a discrete number of generations into a growing season.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/d7/main.PMC9387441.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40636755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticity drives extreme cold tolerance of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) during a polar vortex","authors":"Meghan E. Duell ,&nbsp;Meghan T. Gray ,&nbsp;Amanda D. Roe ,&nbsp;Chris J.K. MacQuarrie ,&nbsp;Brent J. Sinclair","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Invasive species must often survive combinations of environmental conditions that differ considerably from their native range; however, for a given species it is unclear whether improved tolerance is the result of phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation (or both). <em>Agrilus planipennis</em> (Coleoptera: Buprestidae; the emerald ash borer) is an invasive pest of <em>Fraxinus</em> trees in North America and Europe. Previous studies in SW Ontario, Canada, showed that <em>A. planipennis</em> is freeze avoidant, preventing internal ice formation by accumulating Molar concentrations of glycerol in its hemolymph and depressing its supercooling point (SCP, the temperature at which it freezes). The cold tolerance of these SW Ontario animals was used to predict potential distribution, revealing that some Canadian cities should be too cold to allow populations to persist. However, a small population of <em>A. planipennis</em> has persisted in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, through several severe ‘polar vortex’ events. In 2018/19, we collected <em>A. planipennis</em> larvae and prepupae from Winnipeg, MB and Southern Ontario, and found that individuals from Winnipeg were extremely cold tolerant – with SCPs as low as -52°C in prepupae (compared to -32°C in SW Ontario), and observed survival of unfrozen individuals exposed to -50°C for one hour. This cold tolerance was accompanied by higher hemolymph osmolality and glycerol concentration than in the SW Ontario individuals. To distinguish between phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation, in 2020/21 we overwintered Winnipeg-sourced individuals either outdoors in SW Ontario or in a simulated Winnipeg winter. Simulated Winnipeg winter individuals had cold tolerance similar to those overwintered in Winnipeg, while SW Ontario overwintered individuals had cold tolerance similar to those collected previously in the region. The simulated winter individuals had higher hemolymph glycerol concentrations than SW Ontario overwintered animals, at least in part due to greater dehydration. Thus, <em>A. planipennis</em> are cold-tolerant enough to survive some of the harshest winters where their host trees can grow, and most likely attain this cold tolerance via phenotypic plasticity. These findings raise the importance of delineating sensitivity of conclusions to unexpected phenotypic plasticity when predicting potential distributions of new invasives or responses to climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9387492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40439522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells as a model system to investigate the role of detoxification gene expression in response to xenobiotics","authors":"Dries Amezian ,&nbsp;Sonja Mehlhorn ,&nbsp;Calypso Vacher-Chicane ,&nbsp;Ralf Nauen ,&nbsp;Gaëlle Le Goff","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (fall armyworm) is a highly destructive invasive pest that feeds on numerous crops including maize and rice. It has developed sophisticated mechanisms to detoxify xenobiotics such as secondary plant metabolites as well as manmade insecticides. The aim of the study was to explore the detoxification response to plant secondary metabolites and insecticides employing a <em>S. frugiperda</em> Sf9 cell model exposed to indole 3-carbinol (I3C) and methoprene. The cell Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC₅₀) for these molecules was determined and IC₁₀, IC₂₀ and IC₃₀ doses were used to monitor the induction profiles of detoxification genes. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) of the <em>CYP9A</em> subfamily were the most inducible genes of the seven examined. Our results also showed the induction of the transcription factor Cap‘n'collar isoform C (CncC). Transient transformation of Sf9 cells overexpressing CncC and its partner muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (<em>Maf</em>) induces overexpression of <em>CYP4M14, CYP4M15, CYP321A9</em> and <em>GSTE1</em> while CYP9As were not induced. Next, we determined the capacity of recombinantly expressed CYP9A30, CYP9A31 and CYP9A32 to interact with methoprene and I3C. Fluorescence-based biochemical assays revealed an interaction of methoprene with functionally expressed CYP9A30, CYP9A31 and CYP9A32 whereas almost no interaction was detected for I3C, suggesting the ability of CYP9As to metabolize methoprene. Our results showed that Sf9 cells could be a useful model to decipher detoxification pathways of <em>S. frugiperda</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f4/d7/main.PMC9387494.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40439524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-locus genotyping of stored sperm reveals female remating rates in wild populations of the Queensland fruit fly","authors":"Jason Shadmany ,&nbsp;Phillip W. Taylor ,&nbsp;Heng Lin Yeap ,&nbsp;Siu Fai Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Female insects commonly have more than one mate during a breeding period (‘polyandry’), storing and using sperm from multiple males. In addition to its evolutionary significance, insect polyandry has practical implications for pest management that relies on the sterile insect technique (SIT). The Queensland fruit fly, <em>Bactrocera tryoni</em> (Froggatt), is a major horticultural pest in Australia, and outbreaks are managed by SIT in some regions. The present study provides the first evidence for polyandry in female <em>B. tryoni</em> from field populations from New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (QLD) through multi-locus genotyping (ten microsatellite markers in four fluorescent multiplexes) of the stored sperm in ovipositing females. Polyandry level was significantly higher in the NSW collection (80.0 %) than the QLD collection (26.1 %), suggesting substantial regional and/or temporal variation. These findings have important implications for the use of SIT to suppress <em>B. tryoni</em> populations and to eradicate outbreaks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/7a/main.PMC9387433.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40634789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering of Cry3Bb1 provides mechanistic insights toward countering western corn rootworm resistance","authors":"Suyog S. Kuwar ,&nbsp;Ruchir Mishra ,&nbsp;Rahul Banerjee ,&nbsp;Jason Milligan ,&nbsp;Timothy Rydel ,&nbsp;Zijin Du ,&nbsp;Zhidong Xie ,&nbsp;Sergey Ivashuta ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Kouadio ,&nbsp;Jason M. Meyer ,&nbsp;Bryony C. Bonning","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The western corn rootworm (WCR), <em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em> LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is an economically important pest of corn (maize) in North America and Europe. Current management practices for WCR involve transgenic expression of insecticidal proteins to minimize larval feeding damage to corn roots. The evolution of resistant WCR populations to transgenic corn expressing insecticidal proteins (e.g. Cry3Bb1, Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1) necessitates efforts to discover and deploy new modes of action for WCR control. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the addition of short peptides selected for binding to the WCR gut would restore insecticidal activity of Cry3Bb1 to resistant insects. Phage display technology coupled with deep sequencing was used to identify peptides selected for binding to WCR brush border membrane vesicles and to recombinant putative receptors aminopeptidase and cadherin. The binding and specificity of selected peptides was confirmed by ELISA and pull-down assays, and candidate gut surface binding partners were identified. Although production of 284 novel Cry3Bb1 variants with these peptides did not restore activity against resistant WCR in artificial diet bioassays, 112 variants were active against susceptible insects. These results provided insights for the mechanism of Cry3Bb1 activity and toward engineering a new mode-of-action via receptor re-targeting in the context of protein structure and function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2d/c0/main.PMC9387510.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40634793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrochemical contaminants in six species of edible insects from Uganda and Kenya","authors":"Simon Labu ,&nbsp;Sevgan Subramanian ,&nbsp;Xavier Cheseto ,&nbsp;Perpetra Akite ,&nbsp;Patrice Kasangaki ,&nbsp;Moses Chemurot ,&nbsp;Chrysantus M. Tanga ,&nbsp;Daisy Salifu ,&nbsp;James P. Egonyu","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Edible insects are currently promoted worldwide as an alternative animal protein source, but they are mostly still harvested from the wild where they are predisposed to contamination with agrochemicals. This study analysed six species of edible insects (<em>Ruspolia differens, Rhynchophorus phoenicis, Schistocerca gregaria, Oryctes</em> sp, <em>Pachnoda ephippiata</em> and <em>Acanthoplus</em> sp) collected from different habitats and/or reared in the laboratory in Kenya and Uganda for safety from agrochemical contaminants using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The residue levels were statistically compared with the Codex Alimentarius Commission maximum residue limits (MRLs). Residues of only nine agrochemicals were detected in the insects out of 374 chemicals which were screened. The detected agrochemicals include two insecticides (aminocarb and pymetrozine), three herbicides (atraton, methabenzthiazuron and metazachlor) and four fungicides (carboxin, fenpropimorph, fludioxonil and metalaxyl). <em>Ruspolia differens</em> and adult <em>Oryctes</em> sp were free from detectable levels of any agrochemical. Whereas the pesticides residue levels in most insect samples were within maximum residue limits, some of them notably <em>P. ephippiata</em> from black soldier fly larval frass, <em>R. phoenicis</em> from oil palm and <em>P. ephippiata</em> from plant compost contained 2-, 8- and 49-fold higher levels of atraton, methabenzthiazuron and metazachlor, respectively, than MRLs. These findings demonstrate that edible insects may accumulate harmful residues of agrochemicals from the environment where they breed or forage, rendering them unsafe for human consumption or feeding animals. The mechanisms for possible bioaccumulation of these agrochemicals in the insects remains to be investigated. Development of methods for farming edible insects under regulated indoor conditions to ensure their safety as sources of food or feed is recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cf/48/main.PMC9846455.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10280612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral avoidance and biological safety of vetiver oil and its constituents against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say","authors":"Jirod Nararak ,&nbsp;Carole Di Giorgio ,&nbsp;Kanutcharee Thanispong ,&nbsp;Chutipong Sukkanon ,&nbsp;Unchalee Sanguanpong ,&nbsp;Valerie Mahiou-Leddet ,&nbsp;Evelyne Ollivier ,&nbsp;Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap ,&nbsp;Sylvie Manguin","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous plant-based repellents are widely used for personal protection against host-seeking mosquitoes. <em>Vitiveria zizanioides</em> (L.) Nash essential oil and its constituents have demonstrated various mosquito repellent activities. In this study, three chemical actions of vetiver oil and five constituents (terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, valencene, vetiverol and vetivone) were characterized against <em>Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus</em> and <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> by using the high-throughput screening assay system (HITSS). Significant contact escape responses in <em>Ae. aegypti</em> and <em>Ae. albopictus</em> to all test compounds at concentrations between 2.5 and 5% were observed. Spatial repellency responses were also observed in some tested mosquito populations depending upon concentrations. The most significant toxic response on mosquitoes was found at the highest concentration, except for vetivone which had no toxic effect on <em>Ae. aegypti</em> and <em>Ae. albopictus</em>. Results on phototoxic and genotoxic hazard revealed that vetiver oil and their constituents showed no phototoxic potential or any significant genotoxic response. In conclusion, vetiver oil and two constituents, valencene and vetiverol, are potentials as active ingredients for mosquito repellency and present no toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cc/82/main.PMC9846461.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10571855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti subjected to diapause-inducing conditions reveals conserved and divergent aspects associated with diapause, as well as novel genes associated with its onset","authors":"Diego Felipe Araujo Diniz ,&nbsp;Tatiany Patrícia Romão ,&nbsp;Elisama Helvécio ,&nbsp;Danilo de Carvalho-Leandro ,&nbsp;Morgana do Nascimento Xavier ,&nbsp;Christina Alves Peixoto ,&nbsp;Osvaldo Pompílio de Melo Neto ,&nbsp;Maria Alice Varjal de Melo-Santos ,&nbsp;Constância Flávia Junqueira Ayres","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Aedes albopictus</em> and <em>Aedes aegypti</em> are mosquito species that are distributed worldwide and transmit diverse arboviruses of medical importance, such as those causing yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and Zika. <em>A. albopictus</em> embryos may remain viable for long periods in the environment due to their ability to become dormant through quiescence or diapause, a feature that contributes to their dispersion and hinders control actions. Diapause incidence can vary among natural populations of <em>A. albopictus</em>, but metabolic and genetic parameters associated with its induction still need to be better defined. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to diapause-inducing conditions on several biological parameters in different populations of <em>A. albopictus</em> (from tropical and temperate areas) and the diapause-refractory <em>A. aegypti</em> (tropical and subtropical populations). As expected, only the <em>A. albopictus</em> populations exhibited diapause, but with a lower incidence for the population from a tropical area. Exposure to diapause-inducing conditions, however, led to a sharp reduction in fecundity for both <em>A. albopictus</em> and <em>A. aegypti</em> tropical populations, with no effect on fertility (&gt;90%). It also led to a prolonged period as pupae for the progeny of all induced groups, with a further delay for those from temperate climates. In all those induced groups, the lipid contents in eggs and adult females were higher than in the non-induced controls, with the highest values observed for both <em>A. albopictus</em> groups. Three genes were selected to have their expression profile investigated: <em>cathepsin, idgf4,</em> and <em>pepck</em>. Upon exposure to diapause-inducing conditions, all three genes were upregulated in the <em>A. albopictus</em> embryos from the tropical region, but only <em>idgf4</em> was upregulated in the temperate climate embryos. This represents a new gene associated with diapause that can be used as a target to evaluate and prevent embryonic dormancy, a possible new vector control strategy for mosquito species from temperate areas, such as <em>A. albopictus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/2a/main.PMC9846470.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10571849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mounting evidence that managed and introduced bees have negative impacts on wild bees: an updated review","authors":"Jay M. Iwasaki,&nbsp;Katja Hogendoorn","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Worldwide, the use of managed bees for crop pollination and honey production has increased dramatically. Concerns about the pressures of these increases on native ecosystems has resulted in a recent expansion in the literature on this subject. To collate and update current knowledge, we performed a systematic review of the literature on the effects of managed and introduced bees on native ecosystems, focusing on the effects on wild bees. To enable comparison over time, we used the same search terms and focused on the same impacts as earlier reviews. This review covers: (a) interference and resource competition between introduced or managed bees and native bees; (b) effects of introduced or managed bees on pollination of native plants and weeds; and (c) transmission and infectivity of pathogens; and classifies effects into positive, negative, or neutral. Compared to a 2017 review, we found that the number of papers on this issue has increased by 47%. The highest increase was seen in papers on pathogen spill-over, but in the last five years considerable additional information about competition between managed and wild bees has also become available. Records of negative effects have increased from 53% of papers reporting negative effects in 2017 to 66% at present. The majority of these studies investigated effects on visitation and foraging behaviour. While only a few studies experimentally assessed impacts on wild bee reproductive output, 78% of these demonstrated negative effects. Plant composition and pollination was negatively affected in 7% of studies, and 79% of studies on pathogens reported potential negative effects of managed or introduced bees on wild bees. Taken together, the evidence increasingly suggests that managed and introduced bees negatively affect wild bees, and this knowledge should inform actions to prevent further harm to native ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9387436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40636756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}