Current Research in Insect Science最新文献

{"title":"Exploring novel pyrethroid resistance mechanisms through RNA-seq in Triatoma dimidiata from Colombia","authors":"Sara Zuluaga ,&nbsp;Geysson Javier Fernandez ,&nbsp;Ana María Mejía-Jaramillo ,&nbsp;Carl Lowenberger ,&nbsp;Omar Triana-Chavez","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrethroids are the most widely used insecticides for controlling insect vectors carrying medically and economically significant pathogens. In Colombia, studies on triatomine insecticide resistance are limited. Due to the increasing challenge of insecticide resistance, this work focuses on determining resistance to different pyrethroid insecticides in populations of <em>Triatoma dimidiata</em> from Colombia. To define the possible causes of resistance, three potential molecular mechanisms were explored: 1) mutations in the coding region of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (<em>vgsc</em>), the insecticide target site; 2) modulation of enzymatic activity associated with metabolic resistance; and 3) changes in the mRNA profiles using RNA-seq. The results showed that the field population of <em>T. dimidiata</em> was resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin insecticides. Insects surviving sublethal doses of insecticides did not exhibit the classical mutations in the <em>vgsc</em> gene. Transcriptomic profile analyses of <em>T. dimidiata</em> revealed differentially regulated genes in field and laboratory populations under selective pressure with lambda-cyhalothrin. Gene enrichment analysis showed the positive regulation of transcripts related to detoxifying enzymes and mitochondrial proteins, which could play a significant role in insecticide resistance. This comprehensive investigation is crucial for providing insights into resistance mechanisms and generating strategies to manage these critical vector species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms and comparative transcriptomics of diapause in two corn rootworm species (Diabrotica spp.)","authors":"Melise C. Lecheta ,&nbsp;Chad Nielson ,&nbsp;B. Wade French ,&nbsp;Emily A.W. Nadeau ,&nbsp;Nicholas M. Teets","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diapause is a programmed developmental arrest that can occur at any developmental stage depending on species, but the mechanisms that underscore embryonic diapause are poorly understood. Here, we identified molecular mechanisms underscoring distinct phases of diapause in the <em>Diabrotica</em> spp. complex. This species complex includes economically significant agricultural pests, notably the western corn rootworm (WCR) and northern corn rootworm (NCR), which cause major losses in maize production. Rootworms undergo an obligate embryonic diapause to synchronize their life cycles with host plants, and we sequenced transcriptomes from both species at five time points (pre-diapause, diapause initiation, diapause maintenance, diapause termination, and post-diapause). Our results indicate that transcriptional regulation is dynamic during diapause. Diapause initiation involves shutdown of the cell cycle by downregulating cyclin-related genes, downregulation of aerobic metabolism, with concurrent upregulation of stress-related genes, especially heat shock proteins, the proteasome, and immune-related genes. During post-diapause development, there is a dramatic activation cellular respiration, which may be controlled by insulin signaling. Comparative transcriptomic analyses between WCR and NCR indicated that while many gene expression changes were conserved across species, overall gene expression profiles were distinct, indicating that many transcriptional changes are species-specific, despite the close phylogenetic relationship and phenotypic similarity between these species. This study sheds light on the suite of mechanisms that allow some organisms to pause the symphony of cellular events that occur during embryonic development and persist for several months as a tiny egg. Further, the mechanisms identified here may contribute to further research and pest management efforts in this economically important pest group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of “zombie-making” and generalist fungal pathogens on carpenter ant microbiota","authors":"Sophia Vermeulen ,&nbsp;Anna M Forsman ,&nbsp;Charissa de Bekker","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bacterial microbiome of the ant <em>Camponotus floridanus</em> has been well characterized across body regions and maturation levels. However, potential effects of entomopathogens on the gut microbiome, and the fungal communities therein, are yet to be assessed. Additionally, the mycobiome remains often overlooked despite playing a vital role in gut ecology with potential implications for health and infection outcomes. We characterized the effects of two entomopathogens with different infection strategies on the gut micro- and mycobiota of <em>C. floridanus</em> over time; <em>Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani</em> and <em>Beauveria bassiana.</em> Specialist, ‘zombie-making’ <em>O. camponoti-floridani</em> fungi hijack the behavior of <em>C. floridanus</em> ants over three weeks, leading them to find an elevated position and fix themselves in place with their mandibles. This summiting behavior is adaptive to <em>Ophiocordyceps</em> as the ant transports the fungus to conditions that favor fruiting body development, spore production, dispersal, and transmission. In contrast, the generalist entomopathogen <em>B. bassiana</em> infects and kills the ant within a few days, without the induction of obvious fungus-adaptive behaviors. By comparing healthy ants with <em>Beauveria-</em> and <em>Ophiocordyceps-</em>infected ants we aimed to 1) describe the dynamics of the micro- and mycobiome of <em>C. floridanus</em> during infection<em>,</em> and 2) determine if the effects on gut microbiota are distinctive between fungi that have different infection strategies. While <em>Beauveria</em> did not measurably affect the ant host micro-and mycobiome, <em>Ophiocordyceps</em> did, especially for the mycobiome. Moreover, ants that were sampled during <em>Ophiocordyceps</em>-adaptive summiting behavior had a significantly different micro- and mycobiome composition compared to healthy controls and those sampled before and after manipulation took place. This suggests that the host microbiome might have a role to play in the manipulation strategy of <em>Ophiocordyceps</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental adaptation to singular pathogen challenge reduces susceptibility to novel pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Aparajita Singh,&nbsp;Aabeer Basu ,&nbsp;Biswajit Shit ,&nbsp;Tejashwini Hegde ,&nbsp;Nitin Bansal ,&nbsp;Nagaraj Guru Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hosts often encounter and must respond to novel pathogens in the wild, that is pathogens that they have not encountered in recent evolutionary history, and therefore are not adapted to. How hosts respond to these novel pathogens and the outcome of such infections can be shaped by the host's evolutionary history, especially by how well adapted the host is to its native pathogens, that is pathogens they have evolved with. Host adaptation to one pathogen can either increase its susceptibility to a novel pathogen, due to specialization of immune defenses and trade-offs between different arms of the immune system, or can decrease susceptibility to novel pathogens by virtue of cross-resistance. Using laboratory <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> populations, we explore if hosts experimentally adapted to surviving infection challenges by a single bacterial pathogen are also better at surviving infection challenges by novel bacterial pathogens. We found that such hosts can survive infection challenges by multiple novel pathogens, with the expanse of cross-resistance determined by the identity of the native pathogen and sex of the host. Therefore, we have demonstrated that cross-resistance can evolve in host populations by virtue of adaptation to a single pathogen. This observation has important ecological consequences, especially in the modern era where spillover of novel pathogens is a common occurrence due to various factors, including climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trypanosomatid (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites in bees: A review on their environmental circulation, impacts and implications","authors":"Rossella Tiritelli ,&nbsp;Giovanni Cilia ,&nbsp;Tamara Gómez-Moracho","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2025.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2025.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trypanosomatids, obligate parasites capable of impacting insects' hindgut, have recently obtained considerable attention, especially about their effects on bees. While <em>Crithidia mellificae</em> and <em>C. bombi</em> were initially discovered and studied in honey bees and bumblebees, respectively, molecular techniques revealed <em>Lotmaria passim</em> as the predominant trypanosomatid in honey bees globally. New species like <em>C. expoeki</em> and <em>C. acanthocephali</em> have also been identified. These parasites have complex life cycles involving various host developmental stages and are transmitted horizontally within and outside colonies through direct contact, oral interactions, and contaminating flowers with infected faeces. The impact of trypanosomatids on honey bee colony health remains uncertain. In bumblebees, studies highlighted the widespread presence of <em>C. bombi</em>, affecting colony and individual fitness, development, and foraging behaviour. Bee trypanosomatids have been detected in various species, including other insects, and mammals, suggesting diverse epidemiological pathways and potential effects that warrant further investigation. Biotic factors, including co-infections, gut microbiota, food contamination, and abiotic factors like environmental conditions, pesticides, and urbanization, play crucial roles in infection dynamics. This review aimed to summarise key research on trypanosomatid transmission and infection in both managed and wild bees, focusing on the influence of biotic and abiotic factors. The work highlights significant gaps in current knowledge and provides a valuable foundation for future studies. Understanding the pathogenicity and infection dynamics of trypanosomatids, along with the impact of environmental factors, is essential for developing effective conservation strategies that support pollinator health and overall ecosystem resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multifaceted role of brood communication in wasp societies","authors":"Rafael Carvalho da Silva ,&nbsp;Fabio Santos do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Cintia Akemi Oi","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2025.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2025.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The family Vespidae represents a key group to understand the evolutionary trajectory of social behavior in insects, as these wasps display the entire spectrum of social behaviors, from solitary to highly eusocial. The evolution of eusociality likely depended on a coordinated communication system, with chemical communication being suggested as the most commonly used among social insects. Chemical communication provides information about colony identity and an individual's identity, sex and caste, and can help resolve intracolonial conflicts. Parallel to the communication observed in adult-to-adult interactions, several reports have highlighted that the brood (eggs, larvae or pupae) can also act as direct or indirect sources of chemical compounds that can convey information. For example, eggs are covered with chemical substances that provide information about egg maternity and the queen's fertility. Given the increase in the past years of studies aiming to understand how brood can contribute to social dynamics, we reviewed the literature about the information conveyed by brood in wasp's nests across different levels of sociality. The main goal of this review was to synthesize the current knowledge and provide new venues of research. We addressed five main subjects (1) brood mediated conflicts and underlying mechanisms, (2) brood parasitism, (3) hydrocarbon cues covering brood, (4) juvenile hormone influencing brood scent and (5) other modes of communication used by brood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public and media interest in bed bugs-Europe 2023","authors":"Peter Brimblecombe ,&nbsp;Gabi Mueller ,&nbsp;Pascal Querner","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2024.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In late summer of 2023 bed bug (<em>Cimex lectularius</em>) infestations received much media attention especially from Paris Fashion Week (2023–09–25/2023–10–03). Concern in France has grown in recent years and the public may have been sensitised from the recent release of the report <em>Les punaises de lit: impacts, prévention et lutte</em> from the Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire. Additionally, families returning from summer travel for the start of the school year (2023–09–04) may have brought <em>Cimex</em> spp. with them. A belief, typically false, that they are associated with poor housekeeping and the commercial sensitivity of infestations makes quantitative data on the occurrence and frequency of the insects difficult to find. Often it was based on the number of consultations with physicians and enquiries about bed bugs. Our study has used Google search frequency (Google Trends) to assess the growth and spread of public interest. It found that concern over the Paris outbreak spread to neighbouring countries and was an inverse function of distance. Health issues are a popular topic in science journalism and articles with bad news, threat, continuity and geographic proximity helped generate considerable media activity such that the public perceptions of the problem were enhanced and suggests that government agencies need to collect well standardised data on bed bug occurrence. Google Trends proved a sensitive tool to follow the public concern over an insect that invokes considerable dread.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266651582400009X/pdfft?md5=febdcbd73e3c5fbef06660ce109d829d&pid=1-s2.0-S266651582400009X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentially expressed microRNAs in brains of adult females may regulate the maternal block of diapause in Sarcophaga bullata","authors":"Julie A. Reynolds ,&nbsp;Emma M. Waight","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The maternal regulation of diapause is one type of phenotypic plasticity where the experience of the mother leads to changes in the phenotype of her offspring that impact how well-suited they will be to their future environment. <em>Sarcophaga bullata</em> females with a diapause history produce offspring that cannot enter diapause even if they are reared in a diapause inducing environment. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs regulate diapause and, possibly, maternal regulation of diapause. We found significant differences in the abundances of several microRNAs (miR-125–5p, miR-124–3p, miR-31–5p, and miR-277–3p) in brains dissected from adult female <em>S. bullata</em> that had experienced diapause compared to females with no diapause history. We also found moderate differences in the mRNA expression of the circadian-clock related genes, <em>clock, clockwork orange,</em> and <em>period</em>. MiR-124–3p and miR-31–5p are part of a gene network that includes these circadian clock-related genes. Taken together our results suggest the maternal block of diapause in <em>S. bullata</em> is regulated, at least in part, by a network that includes microRNAs and the circadian clock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nutritional dimension of facultative bacterial symbiosis in aphids: Current status and methodological considerations for future research","authors":"François Renoz","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aphids are valuable models for studying the functional diversity of bacterial symbiosis in insects. In addition to their ancestral obligate nutritional symbiont <em>Buchnera aphidicola</em>, these insects can host a myriad of so-called facultative symbionts. The diversity of these heritable bacterial associates is now well known, and some of the ecologically important traits associated with them have been well documented. Some twenty years ago, it was suggested that facultative symbionts could play an important role in aphid nutrition, notably by improving feeding performance on specific host plants, thus influencing the adaptation of these insects to host plants. However, the underlying mechanisms have never been elucidated, and the nutritional role that facultative symbionts might perform in aphids remains enigmatic. In this opinion piece, I put forward a series of arguments in support of the hypothesis that facultative symbionts play a central role in aphid nutrition and emphasize methodological considerations for testing this hypothesis in future work. In particular, I hypothesize that the metabolic capacities of <em>B. aphidicola</em> alone may not always be able to counterbalance the nutritional deficiencies of phloem sap. The association with one or several facultative symbionts with extensive metabolic capabilities would then be necessary to buffer the insect from host plant-derived nutrient deficiencies, thus enabling it to gain access to certain host plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666515823000197/pdfft?md5=18ed72756397d672297a36e389ee7606&pid=1-s2.0-S2666515823000197-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138991901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of specific immune memory by bacterial exposure in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Nashrin F. Patel ,&nbsp;Shüné V. Oliver","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2024.100085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2024.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a growing body of evidence that invertebrates can generate improved secondary responses after a primary challenge. This immunological memory can be primed by a range of pathogens, including bacteria. The generation of immunological memory has been demonstrated in mosquitoes, with the memory primed by a range of initial stimuli. This study aimed to examine whether insecticide resistance affects the capacity to generate immunological memory. The primary hypothesis was tested by examining the capacity of genetically related laboratory-reared <em>Anopheles arabiensis</em> strains that differ by insecticide resistant phenotype to generate immunological memory. The competing hypothesis tested was that the bacterial virulence was the key determinant in generating immunological memory. Immune memory was generated in F1 females but not males. Immunological memory was demonstrated in both laboratory strains, but the efficacy differed by the insecticide resistant phenotype of the strain. An initial oral challenge provided by a blood meal resulted generated better memory than an oral challenge by sugar. The efficacy of memory generation between the two bacterial strains differed between the two mosquito strains. Regardless of the challenge, the two strains differed in their capacity to generate memory. This study therefore demonstrated that insecticide resistant phenotype affected the capacity of the two strains to generate immunological memory. Although this study needs to be replicated with wild mosquitoes, it does suggest that a potential role for insecticide resistance in the functioning of the immune system and memory generation of <em>An. arabiensis</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666515824000155/pdfft?md5=e49bf5d732199bbc241ef1330c8dcee5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666515824000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140948285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}