Current Research in Insect Science最新文献

{"title":"Aedes albopictus and Aedes flavopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) pre-imaginal abundance patterns are associated with different environmental factors along an altitudinal gradient","authors":"Luis Fernando Chaves ,&nbsp;Mariel D. Friberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2020.100001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2020.100001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus</em> (Skuse) is a major global invasive mosquito species that, in Japan, co-occurs with <em>Aedes (Stegomyia) flavopictus</em> Yamada, a closely related species recently intercepted in Europe. Here, we present results of a detailed 25-month long study where we biweekly sampled pupae and fourth instar larvae of these two species from ovitraps set along Mt. Konpira, Nagasaki, Japan. This setting allowed us to ask whether these species had different responses to changes in environmental variables along the altitudinal gradient of an urban hill. We found that spatially <em>Ae. albopictus</em> abundance decreased, while <em>Ae. flavopictus</em> abundance increased, the further away from urban land. <em>Ae. flavopictus</em> also was more abundant than <em>Ae. albopictus</em> in locations with homogenous vegetation growth with a high mean Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), platykurtic EVI, and low SD in canopy cover, while <em>Ae. albopictus</em> was more abundant than <em>Ae. flavopictus</em> in areas with more variable (high SD) canopy cover. Moreover, <em>Ae. flavopictus</em> abundance negatively impacted the spatial abundance of <em>Ae. albopictus</em>. Temporally we found that <em>Ae. flavopictus</em> was more likely to be present in Mt. Konpira at lower temperatures than <em>Ae. albopictus</em>. Our results suggest that spatial and temporal abundance patterns of these two mosquito species are partially driven by their different response to environmental factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cris.2020.100001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40653138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing the transcription factor interactome in response to sub-lethal insecticide exposure","authors":"Victoria A Ingham ,&nbsp;Sara Elg ,&nbsp;Sanjay C Nagi ,&nbsp;Frank Dondelinger","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing levels of pesticide resistance in agricultural pests and disease vectors represents a threat to both food security and global health. As insecticide resistance intensity strengthens and spreads, the likelihood of a pest encountering a sub-lethal dose of pesticide dramatically increases. Here, we apply dynamic Bayesian networks to a transcriptome time-course generated using sub-lethal pyrethroid exposure on a highly resistant <em>Anopheles coluzzii</em> population. The model accounts for circadian rhythm and ageing effects allowing high confidence identification of transcription factors with key roles in pesticide response. The associations generated by this model show high concordance with lab-based validation and identifies 44 transcription factors putatively regulating insecticide-responsive transcripts. We identify six key regulators, with each displaying differing enrichment terms, demonstrating the complexity of pesticide response. The considerable overlap of resistance mechanisms in agricultural pests and disease vectors strongly suggests that these findings are relevant in a wide variety of pest species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cris.2021.100018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39780168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shrubs as magnets for pollination: A test of facilitation and reciprocity in a shrub-annual facilitation system","authors":"Ally Ruttan,&nbsp;Christopher J. Lortie,&nbsp;Stephanie M. Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The magnet species hypothesis proposes that flowering plants that are attractive to pollinators can increase the relative pollination rates of neighbouring plants by acting as ‘magnets.’ Here, we test the hypothesis that insect-pollinated shrub species <em>Larrea tridentata</em> and wind-pollinated shrub species <em>Ambrosia dumosa</em> act as magnets for the pollinator visitation of understory annual plant species in an arid ecosystem. As an extension to the magnet species hypothesis, we propose the double magnet species hypothesis in which we further test for reciprocity by the floral island created in the understory of the benefactor shrubs as an additional pollinator magnet for the shrub itself. We used an annual plant placed near each shrub and the open to measure the effect of shrubs on annuals. The double magnet species hypothesis was tested using L. <em>tridentata</em> with and without surrounding annuals. We measured pollinator visitation and visit duration using video and <em>in-situ</em> observation techniques to test whether shrubs increase pollinator visitation to understory annual plants, if insect-pollinated shrubs act as better pollinator magnets than wind-pollinated shrubs (to determine the effects of the floral resource itself), and whether shrubs with annuals in their understory have higher pollinator visitation rates relative to shrubs without annuals. We found that insect-pollinated shrubs increased the visitation rate and duration of visits by pollinators to their understory plants and that wind-pollinated shrubs decreased the duration of visits of some insect visitors, but these relationships varied between years. While the presence of annuals did not change the visitation rate of all possible pollinators to L. <em>tridentata</em> flowers, they did decrease the visitation duration of specifically bees, indicating a negative reciprocal effect of the understory on pollination. Thus, the concentrated floral resources of flowers on insect-pollinated shrubs can act as a magnet that attract pollinators but that in turn provide a cost to pollination of the shrub. However, while wind-pollinated shrubs may provide other benefits, they may provide a cost to the pollination of their understory. These findings support the magnet species hypothesis as an additional mechanism of facilitation by insect-pollinated shrubs to other plant species within arid ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cris.2021.100008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40653132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional and seasonal activity predictions for fall armyworm in Australia","authors":"James L. Maino ,&nbsp;Rafael Schouten ,&nbsp;Kathy Overton ,&nbsp;Roger Day ,&nbsp;Sunday Ekesi ,&nbsp;Bosibori Bett ,&nbsp;Madeleine Barton ,&nbsp;Peter C. Gregg ,&nbsp;Paul A. Umina ,&nbsp;Olivia L. Reynolds","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since 2016, the fall armyworm (FAW), <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>, has undergone a significant range expansion from its native range in the Americas, to continental Africa, Asia, and in February 2020, mainland Australia. The large dispersal potential of FAW adults, wide host range of immature feeding stages, and unique environmental conditions in its invasive range creates large uncertainties in the expected impact on Australian plant production industries. Here, using a spatial model of population growth and spread potential informed by existing biological and climatic data, we simulate seasonal population activity potential of FAW, with a focus on Australia's grain production regions. Our results show that, in Australia, the large spread potential of FAW will allow it to exploit temporarily favourable conditions for population growth across highly variable climatic conditions. It is estimated that FAW populations would be present in a wide range of grain growing regions at certain times of year, but importantly, the expected seasonal activity will vary markedly between regions and years depending on climatic conditions. The window of activity for FAW will be longer for growing regions further north, with some regions possessing conditions conducive to year-round population survival. Seasonal migrations from this permanent range into southern regions, where large areas of annual grain crops are grown annually, are predicted to commence from October, i.e. spring, with populations subsequently building up into summer. The early stage of the FAW incursion into Australia means our predictions of seasonal activity potential will need to be refined as more Australian-specific information is accumulated. This study has contributed to our early understanding of FAW movement and population dynamics in Australia. Importantly, the models established here provide a useful framework that will be available to other countries should FAW invade in the future. To increase the robustness of our model, field sampling to identify conditions under which population growth occurs, and the location of source populations for migration events is required. This will enable accurate forecasting and early warning to farmers, which should improve pest monitoring and control programs of FAW.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cris.2021.100010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40653133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical thermal maximum of diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae): a comparison of subterranean and surface-dwelling species","authors":"Karl K. Jones ,&nbsp;William F. Humphreys ,&nbsp;Mattia Saccò ,&nbsp;Terry Bertozzi ,&nbsp;Andy D. Austin ,&nbsp;Steven J.B. Cooper","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal tolerance limits in animals are often thought to be related to temperature and thermal variation in their environment. Recently, there has been a focus on studying upper thermal limits due to the likelihood for climate change to expose more animals to higher temperatures and potentially extinction. Organisms living in underground environments experience reduced temperatures and thermal variation in comparison to species living in surface habitats, but how these impact their thermal tolerance limits are unclear. In this study, we compare the thermal critical maximum (CTmax) of two subterranean diving beetles (Dytiscidae) to that of three related surface-dwelling species. Our results show that subterranean species have a lower CTmax (38.3-39.0°C) than surface species (42.0-44.5°C). The CTmax of subterranean species is ∼10°C higher than the highest temperature recorded within the aquifer. Groundwater temperature varied between 18.4°C and 28.8°C, and changes with time, depth and distance across the aquifer. Seasonal temperature fluctuations were 0.5°C at a single point, with the maximum heating rate being ∼1000x lower (0.008°C/hour) than that recorded in surface habitats (7.98°C/hour). For surface species, CTmax was 7-10°C higher than the maximum temperature in their habitats, with daily fluctuations from ∼1°C to 16°C and extremes of 6.9°C and 34.9°C. These findings suggest that subterranean dytiscid beetles are unlikely to reach their CTmax with a predicted warming of 1.3-5.1°C in the region by 2090. However, the impacts of long-term elevated temperatures on fitness, different life stages and other species in the beetle's trophic food web are unknown.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/82/main.PMC9387432.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40653135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhodnius prolixus uses the peptidoglycan recognition receptor rpPGRP-LC/LA to detect Gram-negative bacteria and activate the IMD pathway","authors":"Nicolas Salcedo-Porras ,&nbsp;Shireen Noor ,&nbsp;Charley Cai ,&nbsp;Pedro L. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Carl Lowenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2020.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2020.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insects rely on an innate immune system to recognize and eliminate pathogens. Key components of this system are highly conserved across all invertebrates. To detect pathogens, insects use Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind to signature motifs on the surface of pathogens called Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). In general, insects use peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) in the Immune Deficiency (IMD) pathway to detect Gram-negative bacteria, and other PGRPs and Gram-negative binding proteins (GNBPs) in the Toll pathway to detect Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, although there is crosstalk and cooperation between these and other pathways. Once pathogens are recognized, these pathways activate the production of potent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Most PRRs in insects have been reported from genome sequencing initiatives but few have been characterized functionally. The initial studies on insect PRRs were done using established dipteran model organisms such as <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, but there are differences in the numbers and functional role of PRRs in different insects. Here we describe the genomic repertoire of PGRPs in <em>Rhodnius prolixus</em>, a hemimetabolous hemipteran vector of the parasite <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> that causes Chagas disease in humans. Using a <em>de novo</em> transcriptome from the fat body of immune activated insects, we found 5 genes encoding PGRPs. Phylogenetic analysis groups <em>R. prolixus</em> PGRPs with <em>D. melanogaster</em> PGRP-LA, which is involved in the IMD pathway in the respiratory tract. A single <em>R. prolixus</em> PGRP gene encodes isoforms that contain an intracellular region or motif (cryptic RIP Homotypic Interaction Motif-cRHIM) that is involved in the IMD signaling pathway in <em>D. melanogaster</em>. We characterized and silenced this gene using RNAi and show that the PGRPs that contain cRHIMs are involved in the recognition of Gram-negative bacteria, and activation of the IMD pathway in the fat body of <em>R. prolixus</em>, similar to the PGRP-LC of <em>D. melanogaster</em>. This is the first functional characterization of a PGRP containing a cRHIM motif that serves to activate the IMD pathway in a hemimetabolous insect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cris.2020.100006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91729677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenological synchrony between the hoary squash bee (Eucera pruinosa) and cultivated acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo) flowering is imperfect at a northern site","authors":"D. Susan Willis Chan,&nbsp;Nigel E. Raine","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2021.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phenology of crop flowering and pollinator reproduction can become asynchronous at the edge of their respective ranges. At a northern site in Peterborough County, Ontario, we evaluated offspring emergence of <em>Cucurbita</em> pollen specialist hoary squash bees (<em>Eucera pruinosa</em>) from nests in enclosures to determine their phenological synchrony with a squash crop (<em>Cucurbita pepo</em>). For the crop, we evaluated the percentage of bees that emerged in time to provide pollination services during the crop pollination window. For the bees, we compared the period when both male and females were present and could mate to the whole crop flowering period. We found that fewer than half the bees had emerged by the time the crop pollination window closed and only 34.1% of the flowering period of the crop could support the reproductive activities of the bees, suggesting that phenological synchrony was imperfect from the perspective of both the crop and the pollinator at this northern site.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666515821000147/pdfft?md5=a0fcca847a58d9fe326fec34d003f920&pid=1-s2.0-S2666515821000147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91765539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological status is a stronger predictor of nutrient selection than ambient plant nutrient content for a wild herbivore","authors":"Marion Le Gall ,&nbsp;Mira L. Word ,&nbsp;Alioune Beye ,&nbsp;Arianne J. Cease","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2020.100004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2020.100004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is generally a close relationship between a consumer's food and its optimal nutrients. When there is a mismatch, it is hypothesized that mobile herbivores switch between food items to balance nutrients, however, there are limited data for field populations. In this study, we measured ambient plant nutrient content at two time points and contrasted our results with the nutrient ratio selected by wild female and male grasshoppers (<em>Oedaleus senegalensis</em>). Few plants were near <em>O. senegalensis’</em> optimal protein:carbohydrate ratio (P:C), nor were plants complementary. Grasshoppers collected earlier all regulated for a carbohydrate-biased ratio but females ate slightly more protein. We hypothesized that the long migration undertaken by this species may explain its carbohydrate needs. In contrast to most laboratory studies, grasshoppers collected later did not tightly regulate their P:C. These results suggest that field populations are not shifting their P:C to match seasonal plant nutrient shifts and that mobile herbivores rely on post-ingestive mechanisms in the face of environmental variation. Because this is among the first studies to examine the relationship between ambient nutrient landscape and physiological state our data are a key step in bridging knowledge acquired from lab studies to hypotheses regarding the role ecological factors play in foraging strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cris.2020.100004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40424931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prey identity but not prey quality affects spider performance","authors":"Gina M. Wimp ,&nbsp;Danny Lewis ,&nbsp;Shannon M. Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing host plant quality affects higher trophic level predators, but whether such changes are simply a result of prey density or are also affected by changes in prey quality remain uncertain. Moreover, whether changes in prey quality affect measures of predator performance is understudied. Using a combination of field and greenhouse mesocosm experiments, we demonstrate that the survival and body size of a hunting spider (<em>Pardosa littoralis</em> Araneae: Lycosidae) is affected more by prey species identity than the trophic level of the prey. Furthermore, increasing host plant quality does not necessarily propagate through the food web by altering prey quality. While changes in plant quality affected spider body mass, they did so in opposite ways for spiders feeding on <em>Prokelisia</em> (Hemiptera: Delphacodes) herbivores relative to <em>Tytthus</em> (Hemiptera: Miridae) egg predators, and had no impact on spider body mass for two additional species of intraguild prey. These changes in body mass were important because greater body mass increased spider egg production. To examine the generality of this pattern, we reviewed the literature and found a consistent positive relationship between female body size and egg production for <em>Pardosa</em> species, indicating that body size is a reliable proxy for fitness. While many studies emphasize the importance of nitrogen to arthropod diets, this focus may be driven largely by our understanding of herbivore diets rather than predator diets. Thus, the positive impact of host plant quality on higher trophic level predators appears to be driven more by altering prey composition, density, and availability rather than simply providing predators with more nutritious prey.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cris.2021.100013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40424925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance and survival to extreme heat shows circadian and sex-specific patterns in A cavity nesting bee","authors":"Tayia Hayes ,&nbsp;Giancarlo López-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2021.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pollination services provided by insects have been a crucial part of evolution and survival for many species, including humans. For bees to be efficient pollinators they must survive the environmental insults they face daily. Thus, looking into the short- and long-term effects of heat exposure on bee performance provides us with a foundation for investigating how stress can affect insect pollination. Solitary bees are a great model for investigating the effects of environmental stress on pollinators because the vast majority of insect pollinator species are solitary rather than social. One of the most pervasive environmental stressors to insects is temperature. Here we investigated how a one-hour heat shock affected multiple metrics of performance in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, <em>Megachile rotundata</em>. We found that a short heat shock (1hr at 45°C) can delay adult emergence in males but not females. Bee pupae were rather resilient to a range of high temperature exposures that larvae did not survive. Following heat shock (1hr at 50°C), adult bees were drastically less active than untreated bees, and this reduction in activity was evident over several days. Heat shock also led to a decrease in bee survival and longevity. Additionally, we found a connection between starvation survival after heat shock and time of exposure, where bees exposed in the morning survived longer than those exposed in the afternoon, when they would normally experience heat shock in the field. These data suggest that there is an unexplored daily/circadian component to the stress response in bees likely similar to that seen in flies, nematodes, and plants which is constitutive or preemptive rather than restorative. Taken together our data indicate that single heat shock events have strong potential to negatively impact multiple life history traits correlated with reproduction and fitness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/13/main.PMC9387514.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40653137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}