Current Research in Insect Science最新文献

{"title":"Indigenous and introduced Collembola differ in desiccation resistance but not its plasticity in response to temperature","authors":"Steven L Chown ,&nbsp;Charlene Janion-Scheepers ,&nbsp;Angus Marshall ,&nbsp;Ian J Aitkenhead ,&nbsp;Rebecca Hallas ,&nbsp;WP Amy Liu ,&nbsp;Laura M Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2022.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biological invasions have significant ecological and economic impacts. Much attention is therefore focussed on predicting establishment and invasion success. Trait-based approaches are showing much promise, but are mostly restricted to investigations of plants. Although the application of these approaches to animals is growing rapidly, it is rare for arthropods and restricted mostly to investigations of thermal tolerance. Here we study the extent to which desiccation tolerance and its phenotypic plasticity differ between introduced (nine species) and indigenous (seven species) Collembola, specifically testing predictions of the ‘ideal weed’ and ‘phenotypic plasticity’ hypotheses of invasion biology. We do so on the F2 generation of adults in a full factorial design across two temperatures, to elicit desiccation responses, for the phenotypic plasticity trials. We also determine whether basal desiccation resistance responds to thermal laboratory natural selection. We first show experimentally that acclimation to different temperatures elicits changes to cuticular structure and function that are typically associated with water balance, justifying our experimental approach. Our main findings reveal that basal desiccation resistance differs, on average, between the indigenous and introduced species, but that this difference is weaker at higher temperatures, and is driven by particular taxa, as revealed by phylogenetic generalised least squares approaches. By contrast, the extent or form of phenotypic plasticity does not differ between the two groups, with a ‘hotter is better’ response being most common. Beneficial acclimation is characteristic of only a single species. Laboratory natural selection had little influence on desiccation resistance over 8–12 generations, suggesting that environmental filtering rather than adaptation to new environments may be an important factor influencing Collembola invasions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/35/73/main.PMC9800180.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10473142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letting ChatGPT do your science is fraudulent (and a bad idea), but AI-generated text can enhance inclusiveness in publishing","authors":"Brent J. Sinclair","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d0/45/main.PMC10172689.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9470872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic extremes or extreme phenotypes? On the use of large and small-bodied “phenocopied” Drosophila melanogaster males in studies of sexual selection and conflict","authors":"Kyle Schang ,&nbsp;Renée Garant ,&nbsp;Tristan A.F. Long","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2023.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the fruit fly, <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, variation in body size is influenced by a number of different factors and may be strongly associated with individual condition, performance and success in reproductive competitions. Consequently, intra-sexual variation in size in this model species has been frequently explored in order to better understand how sexual selection and sexual conflict may operate and shape evolutionary trajectories. However, measuring individual flies can often be logistically complicated and inefficient, which can result in limited sample sizes. Instead, many experiments use large and/or small body sizes that are created by manipulating the developmental conditions experienced during the larval stages, resulting in “phenocopied” flies whose phenotypes resemble what is seen at the extremes of a population's size distribution. While this practice is fairly common, there has been remarkedly few direct tests to empirically compare the behaviour or performance of phenocopied flies to similarly-sized individuals that grew up under typical developmental conditions. Contrary to assumptions that phenocopied flies are reasonable approximations, we found that both large and small-bodied phenocopied males frequently differed from their standard development equivalents in their mating frequencies, their lifetime reproductive successes, and in their effects on the fecundity of the females they interacted with. Our results highlight the complicated contributions of environment and genotype to the expression of body size phenotypes and lead us to strongly urge caution in the interpretation of studies solely replying upon phenocopied individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49773772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential gene expression underlying the biosynthesis of Dufour's gland signals in Bombus impatiens","authors":"Nathan Derstine,&nbsp;David Galbraith,&nbsp;Gabriel Villar,&nbsp;Etya Amsalem","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2023.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pheromones regulating social behavior are one of the most explored phenomena in social insects. However, compound identity, biosynthesis and their genetic basis are known in only a handful of species. Here we examined the gene expression associated with pheromone biosynthesis of two main chemical classes: esters and terpenes, using the social bee <em>Bombus impatiens</em>. We conducted chemical and RNA-seq analyses of the Dufour's gland, an exocrine gland producing a plethora of pheromones regulating social behavior in hymenopteran species. The Dufour's gland contains mostly long-chained hydrocarbons, terpenes and esters that signal reproductive and social status in several bee species. In bumble bees, the Dufour's gland contains queen- and worker-specific esters, in addition to terpenes and terpene-esters only found in gynes and queens. These compounds are assumed to be synthesized de novo in the gland, however, their genetic basis is unknown. A whole transcriptome gene expression analysis of the gland in queens, gynes, queenless and queenright workers showed distinct transcriptomic profiles, with thousands of differentially expressed genes between the groups. Workers and queens express genes associated with key enzymes in the biosynthesis of wax esters, while queens and gynes preferentially express key genes in terpene biosynthesis. Overall, our data demonstrate gland-specific regulation of chemical signals associated with social behavior and identifies candidate genes and pathways regulating caste-specific chemical signals in social insects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49815440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of an antennally-expressed carboxylesterase suggests lepidopteran odorant degrading enzymes are broadly tuned","authors":"Jacob A. Corcoran ,&nbsp;Cyril Hamiaux ,&nbsp;Nicoletta Faraone ,&nbsp;Christer Löfstedt ,&nbsp;Colm Carraher","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insects rely on the detection of chemical cues present in the environment to guide their foraging and reproductive behaviour. As such, insects have evolved a sophisticated chemical processing system in their antennae comprised of several types of olfactory proteins. Of these proteins, odorant degrading enzymes are responsible for metabolising the chemical cues within the antennae, thereby maintaining olfactory system function. Members of the carboxyl/cholinesterase gene family are known to degrade odorant molecules with acetate-ester moieties that function as host recognition cues or sex pheromones, however, their specificity for these compounds remains unclear. Here, we evaluate expression levels of this gene family in the light-brown apple moth, <em>Epiphyas postvittana,</em> via RNAseq and identify putative odorant degrading enzymes. We then solve the apo-structure for EposCCE24 by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.43 Å and infer substrate specificity based on structural characteristics of the enzyme's binding pocket. The specificity of EposCCE24 was validated by testing its ability to degrade biologically relevant and non-relevant sex pheromone components and plant volatiles using GC–MS. We found that EposCCE24 is neither capable of discriminating between linear acetate-ester odorant molecules of varying chain length, nor between molecules with varying double bond positions. EposCCE24 efficiently degraded both plant volatiles and sex pheromone components containing acetate-ester functional groups, confirming its role as a broadly-tuned odorant degrading enzyme in the moth olfactory organ.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7d/c9/main.PMC10313914.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii, first instar larval salivary gland transcriptome","authors":"Boyd A. Mori ,&nbsp;Cathy Coutu ,&nbsp;Martin A. Erlandson ,&nbsp;Dwayne D. Hegedus","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2023.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proteins in saliva of gall-forming insect larvae govern insect-host plant interactions. <em>Contarinia nasturtii</em>, the swede midge, is a pest of brassicaceous vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli) and canola. We examined the salivary gland (SG) transcriptome of first instar larvae reared on <em>Brassica napus</em> and catalogued genes encoding secreted proteins that may contribute to the initial stages of larval establishment, the synthesis of plant growth hormones, extra-oral digestion and evasion of host defenses. A significant portion of the secreted proteins with unknown functions were unique to <em>C. nasturtii</em> and were often members of larger gene families organized in genomic clusters with conservation patterns suggesting that they are undergoing selection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49775617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced maternal age has negative multigenerational impacts during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis","authors":"Halie Ostberg ,&nbsp;Laura Boehm Vock ,&nbsp;Margaret C. Bloch-Qazi","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2023.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing maternal age is commonly accompanied by decreased fitness in offspring. In <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, maternal senescence negatively affects multiple facets of offspring phenotype and fitness. These maternal effects are particularly large on embryonic viability. Identifying which embryonic stages are disrupted can indicate mechanisms of maternal effect senescence. Some maternal effects can also carry-over to subsequent generations. We examined potential multi- and transgenerational effects maternal senescence on embryonic development in two laboratory strains of <em>D. melanogaster</em>. We categorized the developmental stages of embryos from every combination of old and young mother, grandmother and great grandmother. We then modelled embryonic survival across the stages and compared these models among the multigenerational maternal age groups in order to identify which developmental processes were most sensitive to the effects of maternal effect senescence. Maternal effect senescence has negative multigenerational effects on multiple embryonic stages, indicating that maternal provisioning and, possibly epigenetics, but not mutation accumulation, contribute to decreased offspring survival. This study shows the large, early and multi-faceted nature of maternal effects senescence in an insect population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49775635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Many parasitoids lack adult fat accumulation, despite fatty acid synthesis: A discussion of concepts and considerations for future research","authors":"Bertanne Visser ,&nbsp;Cécile Le Lann ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Hahn ,&nbsp;Mark Lammers ,&nbsp;Caroline M. Nieberding ,&nbsp;Hans T. Alborn ,&nbsp;Thomas Enriquez ,&nbsp;Mathilde Scheifler ,&nbsp;Jeffrey A. Harvey ,&nbsp;Jacintha Ellers","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fat reserves, specifically the accumulation of triacylglycerols, are a major energy source and play a key role for life histories. Fat accumulation is a conserved metabolic pattern across most insects, yet in most parasitoid species adults do not gain fat mass, even when nutrients are readily available and provided <em>ad libitum</em>. This extraordinary physiological phenotype has evolved repeatedly in phylogenetically dispersed parasitoid species. This poses a conundrum because it could lead to significant constraints on energy allocation toward key adult functions such as survival and reproduction. Recent work on the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms has spurred a debate on fat accumulation versus fat production, because of incongruent interpretation of results obtained using different methodologies. This debate is in part due to semantics, highlighting the need for a synthetic perspective on fat accumulation that reconciles previous debates and provides new insights and terminology. In this paper, we propose updated, unambiguous terminology for future research in the field, including “fatty acid synthesis” and “lack of adult fat accumulation”, and describe the distinct metabolic pathways involved in the complex process of lipogenesis. We then discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the main methods available to measure fatty acid synthesis and adult fat accumulation. Most importantly, gravimetric/colorimetric and isotope tracking methods give complementary information, provided that they are applied with appropriate controls and interpreted correctly. We also compiled a comprehensive list of fat accumulation studies performed during the last 25 years. We present avenues for future research that combine chemistry, ecology, and evolution into an integrative approach, which we think is needed to understand the dynamics of fat accumulation in parasitoids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/32/main.PMC10139962.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9399055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Still standing: The heat protection delivered by a facultative symbiont to its aphid host is resilient to repeated thermal stress","authors":"Kévin Tougeron ,&nbsp;Corentin Iltis ,&nbsp;Eliott Rampnoux ,&nbsp;Alexandre Goerlinger ,&nbsp;Linda Dhondt ,&nbsp;Thierry Hance","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insects have evolved diverse strategies to resist extreme high temperatures (EHT). The adaptive value of such strategies has to be evaluated when organisms experience multiple EHT events during their lifetime, as predicted in a changing climate. This is particularly the case for associations with facultative microbial partners involved in insect heat tolerance, the resilience of which to repeated heat stress has never been studied. We compared two artificial lines of the pea aphid (<em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em>) differing by the absence or presence of the heat-protective facultative bacterium <em>Serratia symbiotica</em>. We exposed insect nymphs to a varying number of EHT events (between 0 and 3), and recorded fitness parameters. Except survival traits, fitness estimates were affected by the interaction between aphid infection status (absence/presence of <em>S. symbiotica</em>) and thermal treatment (number of heat shocks applied). Costs of bacterial infection were detected in the absence of thermal stress: symbiont-hosting aphids incurred longer development, decreased fecundity and body size. However, symbiotic infection turned neutral, and even beneficial for some traits (development and body size), as the number of heat shocks increased, and compared to the aposymbiotic strain. Conversely, symbiotic infection mediated aphid response to heat shock(s): fitness decreased only in the uninfected group. These findings suggest that (i) the facultative symbiont may alternatively act as a pathogen, commensal or mutualist depending on thermal environment, and (ii) the heat protection it delivered to its host persists under frequent EHT. We discuss eco-evolutionary implications and the role of potentially confounding factors (stage-specific effects, genetic polymorphism displayed by the obligate symbiont).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/30/main.PMC10250925.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9611778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural differences in predator aware and predator naïve Wellington tree wētā, Hemideina crassidens.","authors":"Meg Kelly ,&nbsp;Priscilla M Wehi ,&nbsp;Sheri L Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.cris.2023.100058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2023.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insects have evolved a wide range of behavioural traits to avoid predation, with anti-predator behaviours emerging as important adaptive responses to the specific strategies employed by predators. These responses may become ineffective, however, when a species is introduced to a novel predator type. When individuals cannot recognise an introduced predator for instance, they may respond in ways that mean they fail to avoid, escape, or neutralize a predator encounter. New Zealand's endemic insect fauna evolved in the absence of terrestrial mammalian predators for millions of years, resulting in the evolution of unique fauna like the large, flightless Orthopteran, the wētā. Here we investigate how experience with introduced mammalian predators might influence anti-predator behaviours by comparing behaviours in a group of Wellington tree wētā (<em>Hemideina crassidens</em>) living in an ecosanctuary, Zealandia, protected from non-native mammalian predators, and a group living in adjacent sites without mammalian predator control. We used behavioural phenotyping assays with both groups to examine rates of activity and defensive aggression shortly after capture, and again after a period of acclimation. We found that wētā living in protected areas were more active shortly after capture than wētā in non-protected habitats where mammalian predators were present. Male wētā living in non-protected areas tended to be less aggressive than any other group. These results suggest that lifetime experience with differing predator arrays may influence the expression of antipredator behaviour in tree wētā. Disentangling innate and experiential drivers of these behavioural responses further will have important implications for insect populations in rapidly changing environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34629,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Insect Science","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49774046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}