Cleaner Environmental Systems最新文献

{"title":"Sustainability of wall construction techniques for self-built rural housing. A case study from Brazil","authors":"Bernat Vinolas ,&nbsp;Maria del Mar Casanovas-Rubio ,&nbsp;Oriol Pons-Valladares ,&nbsp;Irene Josa ,&nbsp;Jaume Armengou ,&nbsp;Albert de la Fuente","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the sustainability of eight wall construction alternatives suitable for self-built housing in rural informal settlements, comparing different building solutions in the Brazilian context. Housing affordability is a global challenge, particularly relevant in developing countries where informal settlements are prevalent. This research addresses the need for sustainable construction practices in these contexts, focusing specifically on wall construction as a critical building element. The study relies on MIVES, a multi-criteria decision-making method, to evaluate the environmental, economic, and social impacts of each alternative. The eight alternatives include variations of soil-cement blocks (precast and on-site produced), ceramic blocks, concrete blocks, and precast concrete panels, with and without mortar and plaster coatings. A hierarchical requirements tree, encompassing criteria and indicators related to resource consumption, emissions, cost, empowerment, safety, comfort, and innovation, was developed based on technical literature and expert knowledge. Weights for these criteria and indicators were determined using the Delphi technique. Value functions were used to standardize quantitative indicator values onto a 0-to-1 scale. This research aims to provide a structured framework for evaluating the sustainability performance of different wall construction techniques in rural informal settlements, thus providing valuable insights for informed decision-making in self-built housing projects. Results indicate that concrete blocks and precast concrete panels without coatings achieved the highest sustainability index, primarily due to their lower economic costs and environmental impacts. Conversely, ceramic blocks with coatings achieved the lowest sustainability performance. Alternatives without coatings were generally preferred due to their lower costs, aligning with real-world practices in rural areas where economic constraints govern material choices. However, these alternatives performed less favorably in terms of social sustainability, particularly in comfort and community acceptance. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the evaluation framework across different weighting scenarios, with economic, environmental, and social biases leading to only minor ranking shifts. The findings highlight the importance of balancing cost-effectiveness with durability and habitability in self-built housing, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions, particularly in self-built soil-cement blocks, to improve sustainability while maintaining affordability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and economic sustainability assessment of biofuels from valorising spent coffee grounds","authors":"Piya Gosalvitr ,&nbsp;Rosa M. Cuéllar-Franca ,&nbsp;Robin Smith ,&nbsp;Adisa Azapagic","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantifies and compares the life cycle environmental and economic sustainability of five most common and widely researched valorisation routes for spent coffee grounds (SCGs): i) fuel pelletizing; ii) combination of transesterification and pyrolysis; iii) pyrolysis; iv) combination of transesterification and fermentation; and v) anaerobic digestion. The scope of the study is from cradle-to-gate and the functional unit is defined as the “treatment of 1 t of SCGs”. The results indicate that fuel pelletizing is the best option from the environmental point of view, with all 19 impacts considered being net-negative. Pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion are the second-best options with 18 net-negative impacts, followed by the combination of transesterification with pyrolysis, with 13 net-negative impacts. Transesterification and fermentation is the worst option for 16 categories, including climate change, due to the lowest credits from the products produced. The results of the economic sustainability assessment reveal that all options earn profits and are economically feasible. Pyrolysis is the most economically sustainable alternative with a profit of £172/t SCGs, which is 2–3 times higher than for the other options. Transesterification and fermentation is again the worst option but still earning a profit of £58/t. Applying multi-criteria decision analysis reveals that pyrolysis is the best and transesterification and fermentation the least sustainable option. Therefore, coffee producers, local authorities, and other relevant stakeholders could consider prioritising pyrolysis for achieving both economic and environmental benefits. Fuel pelletizing, transesterification &amp; pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion should also be considered as they too offer significant sustainability benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of 3D printed dysphagic food","authors":"Alexandros Stratakos ,&nbsp;Antonia Vyrkou ,&nbsp;Oluwatobi Fatola ,&nbsp;Athanasios Angelis-Dimakis","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D-printing of food is an emerging technology that has great potential not only to leading to more efficient food production with less waste but also for developing functional foods, suitable for consumers with specific medical conditions such as dysphagia. An aspect that has not been addressed so far, though, is its environmental performance compared to conventional food production and the potential economic benefits of decentralised 3D-printing of food. We have examined the case of a care home which hosts between 10 and 30 dysphagic residents, with specific dietary requirements, and assessed three alternative scenarios: (a) decentralised 3D printed dysphagic food; (b) centralised 3D printed dysphagic food, distributed to the care home; and (c) centralised conventionally prepared dysphagic food. The analysis has shown that 3D-printing of dysphagic food has a better environmental performance compared to conventionally prepared food, with a 5–13 % improvement in all the midpoint impact indicators. Moreover, the purchase of a 3D-printer by the case home for decentralised production of dysphagic food can be a profitable investment, with the price of conventionally prepared food being the main parameter affecting the decision. A commercial purchase price conventionally prepared food higher than £3.80 per portion of 250 g will definitely render such an investment economically viable, while prices as low as £3.25 can also lead to a viable investment, when the number of residents increases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life cycle assessment of organic chocolate production in Peru","authors":"Ian Vázquez-Rowe ,&nbsp;Patricia Mogrovejo ,&nbsp;Eizo Muñoz-Sovero ,&nbsp;Pablo González-Socorro ,&nbsp;Jhonnatan Murga ,&nbsp;Shenali Madhanaroopan ,&nbsp;Salma Fotovat ,&nbsp;Taylor Stanley ,&nbsp;Karin Bartl ,&nbsp;Isabel Quispe","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limited studies have been conducted in Latin America related to the environmental profile of cocoa and chocolate production using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The current study conducts a cradle-to-gate LCA of the production of organic chocolate products in Peru, considering cocoa cultivation practices by a group of 21 female producers located in central Peru in the year 2022. Data were collected on-site at cultivation sites and processing plant using questionnaires with the technical staff. Beyond fossil and biogenic emissions linked to cultivation, transport of dried cocoa, and manufacturing activities at the chocolate producing plant, carbon capture on fields by cocoa and shading trees was modeled and included in the carbon balance. A total of 8 impact categories were selected, considering different environmental compartments. Results for global warming using the main scenario show a range of values from 4.33 kg CO₂eq per kilogram of final chocolate product to 4.88 kg CO₂eq. Most impacts are derived from the production of dry cocoa beans and, to a lesser extent, upstream sugarcane production. However, important differences were evident when the individual cocoa producers were analyzed, with agroforestry systems presenting lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than cocoa monocrops. Regarding water scarcity, the activities at the chocolate processing plant were found to contribute more than water use at the cocoa cultivation sites. For other impact categories, toxicity emissions at the cultivation site were relatively low given the organic characteristics of the fields, which do not use conventional pesticides. The post-harvest management of the cocoa pods (i.e., composting) is a critical source of GHG emissions. Hence, adequate composting conditions maintain methane emissions low, but direct return of the pods to the field can generate a substantial increase in GHG emissions. Carbon sequestration from above ground biomass, mainly from shading and cocoa trees, appears to mitigate an important fraction of these emissions if shading is homogeneous and sufficiently dense across the fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional openness and green low-carbon transition ——empirical evidence from China","authors":"Yanping Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global pursuit of the “dual carbon” goals continues to accelerate, the realization of carbon emission reduction and green transformation through institutional innovation has emerged as a critical scholarly and policy concern. Based on city-level data from 283 Chinese cities between 2012 and 2023, this study systematically examines the impact of institutional openness on carbon emission reduction and urban green transition, and conducts empirical tests on the underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal that institutional openness can be regarded as a significant catalyst for carbon reduction. Disaggregated analyses indicate that the transformation of government functions exhibiting the most pronounced effect. Mechanistic investigations suggest that institutional openness can foster green low-carbon transformation through multiple pathways, including the promotion of emerging industries, the elevation of intelligent manufacturing, the stimulation of green patent innovation, and the enhancement of green total factor productivity. Moreover, the carbon mitigation effects are found to be more salient in eastern China, resource-based cities, and cities hosting data trading platforms. Further evidence suggests that institutional openness not only significantly curtails carbon emissions, but also exerts a positive influence on the source control of major industrial pollutants such as wastewater and particulate matter. This study provides both a theoretical underpinning and policy reference for the coordinated advancement of institutional openness and green transformation in China and internationally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative life cycle sustainability of transformer cores with metallic glass alloys","authors":"Fahid Abu-Salah ,&nbsp;Elsa Maalouf","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the sustainability of metallic glasses (MGs), specifically in applications as a core material in transformers. The environmental, economic, and social performance of the transformer is assessed through a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of three low-voltage transformer configurations: ferrite, silicon steel, and amorphous (MG) core transformers. To do that, we conducted two analyses. First a cradle-to-gate LCA under four distinct production scenarios, reflecting varied energy intensities in MG manufacturing, revealing that the sustainability of MGs depends on the energy needed during their production. Second, a cradle-to-use LCA over an operational period of 40 years to capture long-term environmental advantages of amorphous transformers. Under energy-intensive manufacturing conditions, the amorphous core transformer reduced environmental impacts by almost 50 % compared to silicon steel. Additionally, the influence of alloy composition is further explored by comparing several Fe–B–Si amorphous alloys, showing that alloys with an optimized iron-to-silicon ratio are more sustainable as amorphous core materials. To further validate the findings, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to validate the robustness of the results under variations in use-phase lifetime. The outcomes consistently confirmed the superior sustainable performance of amorphous core transformers compared to silicon steel core transformers. Finally, the impacts of material use and societal implications are discussed and integrated by analyzing human well-being, health implications, and noise pollution of transformers. The findings collectively show that amorphous core transformers offer superior sustainability across environmental, economic, and social dimensions, paving the way for greener power systems and more sustainable transformer design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operationalizing sustainability measurement in the agrifood sector: Insights from the foodmeter tool","authors":"S. Falasco,&nbsp;A. Saladini,&nbsp;P. Caputo,&nbsp;B. Mura,&nbsp;G. Ferla","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The food sector plays a crucial role in environmental, social, and economic sustainability, yet Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) often face challenges in adopting existing assessment tools due to their complexity and data requirements. To address this, Foodmeter was developed as a web-based decision support system that allows SMEs to perform accessible, actionable, and multi-dimensional sustainability assessments. The tool integrates heterogeneous variables following multi-criterial decision analysis principles, providing interpretable results to guide improvement actions and support continuous sustainability tracking. It was tested with a panel of Italian strawberry SMEs, leading to the development of Foodmeter 2.0, which includes improved Good Agricultural Practices indicators and report usability. Its effectiveness and user acceptance were evaluated through feedback and statistical analysis. Testing showed that Foodmeter 2.0 assigned lower overall scores (a decrease of 10 percentage points, from 67 % to 57 %) due to stricter scoring criteria, reflecting the completeness of sustainability efforts rather than isolated actions. Feedback based on the Technology Acceptance Model indicated a 13 % increase in Behavioral Intention to use the tool, a positive trend in Perceived Usefulness, and stable Perceived Ease of Use. Overall, Foodmeter 2.0 offers more actionable insights, stronger diagnostic value, and high usability for small-scale agricultural enterprises. Foodmeter demonstrates its potential not only as a reporting tool but also as a decision-support system that, by translating complex sustainability data into actionable insights, empowers farmers to take ownership of their sustainability journey, to identify priorities, and to enhance both environmental and socio-economic performance, contributing to more sustainable agri-food systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-innovation and green entrepreneurship: Transforming challenges into opportunities for the environment","authors":"Leola Dewiyani ,&nbsp;Arita Marini ,&nbsp;Gusti Yarmi ,&nbsp;Nelfiyanti ,&nbsp;Dwi Atmanto ,&nbsp;Sardi Salim ,&nbsp;Desy Safitri ,&nbsp;Parulian Irwansyah ,&nbsp;Musril Zahari ,&nbsp;Rezeqi Hardam Saputro ,&nbsp;Asep Marfu","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to analyze the impact of eco-innovation and green entrepreneurial orientation on environmental awareness and sustainability practices, and their effect on green business strategies among engineering students in Indonesia. The study employs a quantitative approach with a survey method, and data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the relationships between variables. The respondents in this study were engineering students in Indonesia who are involved in sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial activities or technological innovations. The key findings of this study indicate that eco-innovation and green entrepreneurial orientation have a positive and significant impact on environmental awareness and sustainability practices. Additionally, environmental awareness is found to mediate the relationship between eco-innovation, green entrepreneurial orientation, and green business strategies. However, sustainability practices were not found to be a significant mediator in the relationship between these variables and green business strategies. These findings highlight the importance of integrating environmental awareness into engineering education to foster innovative green entrepreneurs. The contribution of this study lies in expanding the literature on the role of environmental awareness in shaping green business strategies, particularly within the context of engineering education in Indonesia. The originality of this study is reflected in testing the model of relationships between eco-innovation, green entrepreneurial orientation, and green business strategies among engineering students, an area that remains underexplored in previous research in Indonesia. This study provides recommendations for educational policies to facilitate the development of green entrepreneurship among engineering students.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decarbonization in the automotive sector: A scenario-based analysis of original equipment manufacturer pathways","authors":"Thomas Fugger ,&nbsp;Joseph Poligkeit ,&nbsp;Christoph Herrmann","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The automotive industry plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation due to its significant share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the life cycle of its products. As a result, many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have adopted absolute or relative carbon reduction targets covering scope 1–3 emissions. However, there is a lack of industry-wide insight into how these efforts align with the reductions needed to meet a well-below 2 °C or 1.5 °C climate pathway. This paper addresses this gap through a scenario analysis of major automotive manufacturers from 2020 to 2050. Starting from OEM GHG inventories for 2020, sector decarbonization pathways (SDPs) are developed for all scope 1–3 emission categories, focusing on key emission hotspots. Three comparative scenarios (benchmark, ambitious, net-zero) are constructed and compared to an OEM-based scenario reflecting current corporate targets and production plans. The analysis reveals that published OEM targets are insufficient in both scope and ambition to meet the well-below 2 °C target. Moreover, substantial differences exist among OEMs regarding target coverage, ambition levels, and timelines. To enable a more effective decarbonization of the automotive sector, urgent, comprehensive, and collaborative action is needed. This includes robust portfolio planning, the adoption of clear and ambitious climate targets, and the development of actionable strategies—particularly in addressing future emission hotspots, notably scope 3 category 1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability beyond buildings: Assessing environmental impacts of Swedish urban life using LCA and emergy indicators","authors":"Louise Bartek ,&nbsp;Daniel Bergquist ,&nbsp;Daniela Garcia-Caro ,&nbsp;Christopher Malefors ,&nbsp;Mattias Eriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As cities continue to grow, understanding the full scope of environmental impacts associated with urban living becomes increasingly critical to ensure sustainable development and the fulfilment of ecological goals. This study integrates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) into the Emergy Synthesis (ES) framework, generating a hybrid EmLCA method to assess environmental footprint of urban life, offering a holistic analysis of both material and service-related impacts. Using a Swedish residential complex as case study, results show that lifestyle factors, such as meat consumption, fast fashion, and private car use, are major contributors to climate change, eutrophication, acidification, and resource depletion, while the built environment accounts for only 1–2 % of total impact. These findings challenge the conventional sustainability aspects such as construction materials and energy use, underscoring the need to also address consumption patterns and societal systems that shape urban life. The inclusion of services, despite certain limitations, offers a broader and more realistic perspective on urban sustainability. This study highlights the importance of supporting sustainable lifestyles through policies that promote shared resources, reduce reliance on private vehicles, and encourage shifts toward less resource-intensive diets. By moving beyond the building envelope, the EmLCA approach offers valuable insights for urban planning and policy aimed at reducing emissions and fostering more sustainable cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}