Cleaner Environmental Systems最新文献

{"title":"Digital Product Passport in support of Data-Driven End-of-Use Strategies–a systems design perspective","authors":"Andreas Christensen,&nbsp;Verena Stingl,&nbsp;Muhammad Omair,&nbsp;Brian Vejrum Wæhrens","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The EU has proposed the Digital Product Passport (DPP) as an important mechanism to enable the circular economy (CE) by facilitating transparency and data sharing across value chains. Initially proposed for regulatory compliance, DPPs hold the potential to function as strategic assets for creating value within CE. However, leveraging DPPs beyond compliance introduces additional complexity, requiring a systems approach for design and implementation, which links the system's purpose with concrete design options. With this paper, we develop five fundamental design considerations that can guide the design of DPP systems, using a combination of structured literature review and conceptual development based on principles of systems engineering. The five design considerations are: strategic alignment between DPP and organizational goals, data requirements to support decision making, system requirements to ensure interoperability, tailoring DPP to different circular practices, and levers necessary to enable value chain collaboration. The proposed design considerations give structured guidance for the systems design of DPPs, tailoring the design to the needs and opportunities of the organization and ensure benefit capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and life cycle assessment of biomass-based synthetic natural gas production","authors":"Diana Dimande,&nbsp;Bettina Mihalyi-Schneider,&nbsp;Michael Harasek,&nbsp;Walter Wukovits","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meeting Austria's 2040 carbon neutrality target requires a rapid transition to industrial-scale processes. Biomass-based technologies are pivotal in this shift, as they reduce reliance on fossil resources while producing high-value products. This study models and evaluates the potential environmental impacts of producing biomass-based synthetic natural gas (Bio-SNG) through gasification and methanation, incorporating scenario analysis. Seven impact categories were assessed: acidification potential, eutrophication, land use, fossil resource use, water use, particulate matter, and climate change. Among the Bio-SNG scenarios, the Bio-SNG-W scenario, which utilises wind-generated electricity, shows the lowest impacts across climate and most non-climate categories. Using the IPCC, 2021 methodology, the base case (bio-SNG) estimated net global warming emissions of 41 kg_{CO2 eq}./MWh_Bio-SNG, mostly due to wood chip preparation and electricity consumption. Thus, when wind power is used as the electricity source (Bio-SNG-W), the greenhouse gas emissions reduce to 25 kg_{CO2 eq.}/MWh_Bio-SNG. In comparison, the emissions for natural gas production and processing, excluding the higher impact use phase, stand at 16 kg_{CO2 eq./MWhNG}. Except for fossil resource use, Bio-SNG-related scenarios show higher emissions than their fossil-based counterpart, underscoring these processes' resource and energy intensity as well as showing a potential burden-shifting effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145325791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data center waste heat utilization in district heating in a volatile low-carbon electricity market","authors":"Seela Tervo ,&nbsp;Pauli Hiltunen ,&nbsp;Sanna Syri","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data center waste heat utilization in district heating could be one solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, since it reduces emissions in the heating sector while increasing data center energy efficiency. The profitability of this solution depends on regulations and incentives in the data center location. In this paper, the tax regulation of data center waste heat utilization in district heating in Finland is examined with proposals for more sustainable outcomes. The large amount of variable wind power combined with nuclear and hydro power has caused low carbon dioxide emissions but volatile electricity prices in Finland. Two cases with data center waste heat utilization are inspected, Espoo (310 000 inhabitants) and Seinäjoki (66 000 inhabitants). In Espoo, a large data center is expected to be vital in abandoning coal and achieving 95 % fossil-free district heating. In Seinäjoki, data center waste heat would replace carbon-intensive peat in district heating. This paper shows how district heating connected heat pumps can together with waste heat sources provide balancing in energy systems with a large share of renewable energy sources. The methods include analyzing the district heating networks with energyPRO software and related profitability calculations. The results show that the Finnish tax incentives for waste heat utilization seem sufficient if district heating is fossil-fuel intensive and carbon dioxide emission prices are high. The analysis presents benefits for both district heating and data center operators. The challenges and lack of regulative support are stated, and ways to increase waste heat usage are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized pervious alkali-activated slag concrete for heavy metal adsorption and ecological risk reduction in LID applications","authors":"Zahra Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Shahrokh Soltaninia ,&nbsp;Kiachehr Behfarnia ,&nbsp;Milad Nimafar ,&nbsp;Sara Ahmadi","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development and optimization of a multifunctional pervious alkali-activated slag (PAAS) concrete incorporating phosphoric acid–activated almond shell carbon and natural zeolite for sustainable stormwater management. Designed to combine mechanical strength, permeability, and heavy metal removal, the material applies circular economy principles by integrating agricultural and industrial by-products. Experimental evaluations demonstrated a compressive strength of 22.6 MPa, permeability of 0.95 cm/s, and heavy metal removal efficiencies exceeding 85 % for copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn). The Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA) was employed to optimize the mix design across multiple performance objectives. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted using ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) within the ISO 14040/14044 framework, revealing a substantial reduction in global warming potential compared to conventional OPC-based mixes. The integrated system exhibited robust structural, hydraulic, and environmental performance, confirming its applicability for real-world stormwater applications. The proposed PAAS concrete offers a novel, waste-derived solution aligned with Low-Impact Development principles, promoting multifunctionality and sustainability in urban water infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life cycle assessment of selected maritime pine wood industries in the Landes de Gascogne forest of France","authors":"Haji Yazdeen ,&nbsp;Takunda Y. Chitaka ,&nbsp;Regis Pommier ,&nbsp;Guido Sonnemann","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forestry is a vital part of natural systems and has traditionally supplied renewable raw materials for industrial uses and domestic fuelwood. Life Cycle Assessment has become one of the most recognized and internationally accepted method for examining the environmental performance of forest products and processes. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the potential environmental impact associated with different commercial outputs of maritime pine wood (construction wood, pallets, plywood, pellets, unbleached (UB) pulpwood) from the Landes de Gascogne forest. The study showed that pulpwood presented the highest values in all the evaluated impact categories including climate change whilst pellets presented the lowest values. Maritime pine from the first thinning was the hotspot in the construction wood production process, while the nails presented the hotspot for the pallet production process. In the plywood production process, melamine formaldehyde resin was the highest contributor to environmental impacts. Maritime pine from the first thinning was also the hotspot in pellet production whilst heat from steam was the hotspot in UB pulp production. The results of this comprehensive assessment can be used to support environmentally sound decision-making for forest and factory management with regard to the beneficiation of wood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of waste-to-energy strategies for municipal solid waste landfills in Chennai: A case study using energy-economic-environmental (3E) approach","authors":"M. Madhavaraj,&nbsp;Karthikeyan K","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) for energy production has been widely adopted across the globe for several decades. In contrast, Chennai city continues to rely heavily on landfilling for MSW disposal, with Kodungaiyur and Perungudi being the city's two major dumpsites. Given the growing concerns over greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and diminishing availability of land, there is a pressing need to explore sustainable alternatives for solid waste management in Chennai.</div><div>This study evaluates the energy, economic, and environmental (3 E) feasibility of implementing Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technologies at the Kodungaiyur and Perungudi landfill sites in Chennai. Eight technology scenarios, including Landfill Gas Recovery Systems (LFGRS), Anaerobic Digestion (AD), incineration, gasification, and their hybrid combinations, are preferred. AD demonstrated Anaerobic Digestion (AD) was identified as the Pareto-optimal solution for Chennai's 3 E nexus, offering the best balance between energy recovery, economic returns, and environmental performance. AD achieved the highest energy recovery, generating output and producing up to 492,712 m³/day of biogas and 1034.69 MWh/day of electricity. Economically, it delivered net profits ranging from 31,397 to 159,964 USD/day, supported by revenues from electricity, district heating, and fertilizer. Environmentally, AD demonstrated strong climate benefits, with net emissions reduced to 136.36 tCO₂/day, compared to the landfill, which emits an average of 2452 tCO₂/day from AD and conventional landfilling. The hybrid LFGRS &amp; AD achieve substantially lower net emissions, with AD averaging −136.36 tCO₂/day. The scenario also performed well, offering a practical balance across all dimensions. These results underscore AD's potential as a scalable and LFGRS &amp; AD averaging 259.24 tCO₂/day, demonstrating strong climate benefits, which also enables digestate recovery and a sustainable WtE strategy for urban solid waste management in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-offs in technical and environmental performance of water utilities: Insights focused on water-energy-carbon nexus","authors":"Alexandros Maziotis ,&nbsp;Ramón Sala-Garrido ,&nbsp;Manuel Mocholi-Arce ,&nbsp;Maria Molinos-Senante","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the water-energy-carbon nexus, understanding the trade-offs among resource use, drinking water delivery, and greenhouse gas emissions is essential for ensuring the sustainable provision of drinking water. Addressing this challenge, this study estimates four performance indices—technical efficiency, ecological efficiency, process environmental quality efficiency, and overall efficiency —using a unified framework based on Data Envelopment Analysis. The analysis was conducted under two scenarios, reflecting water companies’ prioritization of production and environmental dimensions. The empirical application, performed on a sample of English and Welsh water companies, revealed that water companies focused on technical efficiency, achieving average scores of 0.648 and 0.798 under environmental and production prioritization scenarios, respectively. In contrast, process environmental quality and ecological efficiency metrics were considerably lower, with average values of 0.179 and 0.129 for the environmental scenario and 0.153 and 0.131 for the production scenario. The temporal evolution of these performance indices highlights a trade-off between technical efficiency and performance indices integrating carbon emissions under the environmental prioritization scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts assessment of open field burning of agricultural residues in Mexico","authors":"Luis Armando Becerra-Pérez ,&nbsp;Luis E. Rincón ,&nbsp;Benjamín García-Páez ,&nbsp;John A. Posada-Duque","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research estimates the number of agricultural residues burned in open field, their pollutant emissions and the energy lost in the 2,476 municipalities that make up Mexico. The emissions of Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) and 2.5 (PM2.5), Black Carbon (BC), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Methane Gas (CH4) at the municipal level were estimated. The bioenergy loss was also estimated, in terms of anhydrous ethanol. In addition, the economic value lost was estimated, as well as the amount of gasoline that could have been oxygenated at 6 % volume and the percentage of participation in the national gasoline demand. The results, aggregated at the national level, show that Mexico annually incinerates 4.1 million tons of corn stover which emits 13,662 tons of PM10, 11,178 tons of PM2.5, 787 tons of BC, 7.2 million tons of CO2 and 8,653 tons of CH4 to the atmosphere. If this amount of biomass were used to produce anhydrous ethanol, a volume of 1,106 million liters, worth US$840 million, could be produced, which might also be used to oxygenate 18,425 million liters of gasoline, covering approximately 100 % of the national demand for this biofuel. The results provide empirical evidence on open burning of agricultural residues in Mexico and can be used to design public policies to reduce the country's share of global pollutant emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcritical or supercritical? A comparative life cycle assessment of bioactive compound extraction from apple pomace","authors":"Lauriane Bruna ,&nbsp;Carla Marty ,&nbsp;Micheline Draye ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Cravotto ,&nbsp;Gregory Chatel","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apple pomace (AP), a by-product of the apple juice and cider industries, represents a significant waste challenge, generating approximately 5 million tons produced worldwide in 2021. Often disposed of in landfills, AP contributes to health and environmental risks. Despite its disposal, AP remains a valuable source of bioactive compounds, recognized for their biological properties. This study assesses the carbon footprint associated with extracting these bioactive compounds using innovative technologies, namely supercritical CO₂ (SC–CO₂) and subcritical water extraction (SWE). Utilizing SimaPro software and the ecoinvent database, the Life Cycle Assessments (LCA; cradle-to-gate) were conducted for extracting 1 g of bioactive compounds from AP. The findings reveal that the SC-CO₂ process emits 71.42 kg_CO2eq, while the SWE results in significantly lower emissions of 6.20 kg_CO2eq. These results highlight the environmental impact of different extraction technologies and emphasize the potential for more sustainable practices in valorizing AP. This study highlights the importance of conducting Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) for sustainable technologies, offering critical insights that can inform future industrial practices and policy decisions. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a technology labeled as 'green' is not necessarily environmentally superior, prompting a reconsideration of current sustainability definitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological review of life cycle assessments of carbon capture and utilisation – Does modelling reflect purposes?","authors":"Evelina Nyqvist,&nbsp;Henrikke Baumann,&nbsp;Gulnara Shavalieva,&nbsp;Matty Janssen","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide capture and utilisation (CCU) is considered a climate change mitigation strategy and life cycle assessment (LCA) is often used to assess its decarbonisation potential. The current study investigates the understandability of the LCA studies of CCU systems in this context by reviewing 106 LCA studies of CCU systems on their methodologies. The results show a diversity in LCA studies performed. They studied a range of CCU products created from varying sources of carbon dioxide and had different industrial scopes. The majority of studies compare the climate change impact of the investigated CCU process to the conventional production systems or products. Of the 106 articles, 47 report a reduced and 27 claim a negative impact regardless of the source of captured carbon or the storage time of the CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> in the product. Half of the reviewed studies did not report the goal with the LCA, and those who stated a goal seldom explained the purpose of the assessment. This made the methodological choices and results of the studies difficult to understand. For more understandable LCA studies of CCU systems, the modelling needs to reflect the purposes of the assessments. This includes considering the time aspects of when and for how long carbon is retained by the studied CCU systems and products. Furthermore, there is a need for improvement in both the reporting of LCA studies and the guidelines, especially regarding the reporting of the goal and how the goal definition phase is connected to the methodological decisions in the LCA study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}