Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic spray pelletizing-microwave pyrolysis for morphology-controlled ruthenium powder synthesis: Kinetics and precursor engineering","authors":"Gong Siyu ,&nbsp;Gui Qihao ,&nbsp;Liu Bingguo ,&nbsp;Ji Guangxiong ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Liu Peng ,&nbsp;Yuwen Chao ,&nbsp;Zhang Libo ,&nbsp;Guo Shenghui","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the inherent issues of severe particle agglomeration and difficult morphology control in traditional pyrolysis of ammonium hexachlororuthenate ((NH₄)₂RuCl₆) for ruthenium (Ru) powder preparation, this study developed a spray pelletizing-microwave pyrolysis coupled process to fabricate micron-sized spherical Ru powder with excellent dispersibility. By optimising spray pelletizing conditions (stirring for 2 h, slurry concentration of 0.02 mol/L, atomization temperature of 200 ℃, feeding speed of 20 r/min), irregular (NH₄)₂RuCl₆ precursor particles (600–1900 nm) were successfully transformed into smooth solid spheres (400–730 nm), providing homogeneous precursors for microwave pyrolysis. Through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) optimisation, a pyrolysis rate of 99.52 % was achieved under microwave pyrolysis conditions of 470 °C for 95 min with 22 g precursor, yielding micron-sized spherical Ru powder with controlled morphology: uniform particles of 150–300 nm featuring excellent dispersibility and sphericity, which meets the YS/T 1068–2015 industry standard (particle size &lt; 5 μm for sputtering targets). Spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the as-prepared powder produced target materials with 97.4 % relative density, fine-grained structure (average grain size 2.97 μm), and texture-free characteristics, effectively suppressing abnormal grain growth and enhancing the strength, plasticity, and sputtering stability of the targets. Non-isothermal kinetics analysis showed two pyrolysis stages: the first stage (apparent activation energies (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) = 254.5 kJ/mol) followed the volume contraction (R3) model, with gas release as the rate-controlling step; the second stage (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 222.6 kJ/mol) conformed to the nucleation and growth (A2) model, governed by Ru crystal nucleation and growth. This coupled process synergistically regulated Ru powder morphology, particle size, and distribution: spray pelletizing shaped precursors into uniform spheres, while microwave pyrolysis inhibited agglomeration via rapid homogeneous volumetric heating. The kinetic analysis provides theoretical guidance for process optimisation, and the obtained Ru powder demonstrates significant potential for high-performance sputtering target applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107338"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the catalytic pyrolysis conversion of metal salt-impregnated biomass into biogas and nanocatalyst-coated porous biochar","authors":"Mengqi Tang ,&nbsp;Alexandre Chevillot-Biraud ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Lau-Truong ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Khalil ,&nbsp;Jianying Deng ,&nbsp;Chi-Hwa Wang ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Chehimi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the pyrolysis kinetics behaviour and decomposition effects of Cu/Ni nitrate impregnation on sugarcane bagasse (SCPB) through slow pyrolysis. To probe this process, coupled thermogravimetric analysis/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TGA/FTIR) simulated pyrolysis in a traditional procedure with a tube furnace, analyzing both biochar formation and syngas evolution. The experimental results reveal that the maximum weight loss occurs at a thermochemical conversion of ∼60 % of the biomass into char; SCPB/CuNi showed intermediate decomposition at 328 °C, 10 °C below SCPB and 5 °C above CuNi. The carbonization kinetic study of biomass was performed using a TGA at dynamic heating rates (10, 20, and 30 °C min⁻¹) in nitrogen atmosphere. The kinetic parameters were estimated using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM)，i.e. Ea = 234 kJ·mol⁻¹ for SCPB, much higher than 90 kJ·mol⁻¹ for the SCPB/CuNi. Further, TGA-derived and tubular furnace-produced biochars were found to have nearly identical physicochemical properties as judged from proximate analysis, justifying TGA as a valid platform for biomass pyrolysis studies, whereas the simultaneously generated CO_x, N_xO_x, CH₄, and H₂ syngases were probed by TGA-FTIR/Py-MS. The syngases present valuable opportunities for energy recovery and chemical synthesis applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107337"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced oil and gas products in fast coal pyrolysis over iron oxide using infrared heating","authors":"Fan Xu ,&nbsp;Yongfu Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Lu ,&nbsp;Zuohua Liu ,&nbsp;Erfeng Hu ,&nbsp;Guangwen Xu ,&nbsp;Moshan Li ,&nbsp;Jianglong Yu ,&nbsp;Shuai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of iron oxide on the pyrolysis behavior of coal under varying heating methods, specifically infrared heating (IH) and electric heating (EH). Comprehensive analyses were conducted using TG-FTIR, GC-MS, XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy to elucidate the changes in pyrolysis product distribution, char structure, and functional group composition across different temperatures. The addition of iron oxide as a catalyst in coal pyrolysis significantly enhanced oil yield at temperatures below 600 °C and increased gas production across all temperatures. The gas composition showed improved heating value, with elevated levels of CH₄, H₂, and CO, and reduced CO₂ formation. GC-MS analysis indicated that iron oxide promoted the generation of valuable aliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols while minimizing the production of undesirable acids in the pyrolysis oil. Compared to EH, IH resulted in higher oil yields and lower water yields by facilitating greater cross-interaction between volatiles. Additionally, IH favored the production of aliphatic hydrocarbons and phenols while suppressing acid formation as temperatures increased. XRD analysis further revealed that IH predominantly yielded Fe₃O₄ in the char at lower temperatures, suggesting that IH effectively inhibited the reduction of Fe₃O₄ by non-condensable gases, thus preserving the gas products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107336"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving bio-oil fractions through fractional condensation of pyrolysis vapors from Eucalyptus globulus biomass residues in a prototype auger reactor","authors":"A.C.M. Vilas-Boas ,&nbsp;L.A.C. Tarelho ,&nbsp;C.C. Marques ,&nbsp;J.M.O. Moura ,&nbsp;M.C. Santos ,&nbsp;F. Paradela ,&nbsp;M.I. Nunes ,&nbsp;A.J.D. Silvestre","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass has potential as a biofuel or chemical precursor. However, its valorization is hindered by its complex composition, high water concentration, and the presence of oxygenated compounds. Operational strategies are therefore required to improve its quality. This study evaluated the technical feasibility of fractional condensation as an alternative to conventional single-stage condensation of vapors produced from pyrolysis of residual <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> biomass to collect bio-oil fractions with improved properties. The process was carried out using a prototype-scale auger reactor with continuous operation. The fractional condensation system comprised four sequential condensation stages operating at progressively lower temperatures: 140, 100, 80, and 0 ºC. The collected bio-oil fractions were analyzed in terms of product yields, water separation efficiency, elemental composition, heating value, and the presence of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. The results demonstrated that fractional condensation achieved total bio-oil yields comparable to those obtained with the single-stage condensation system, while enabling the recovery of bio-oil fractions with lower water concentration, higher carbon concentration and increased heating value. Notably, the first condensation stage collected heavy fractions with water concentration between 3 % and 6 %wt., oxygen concentration between 17 % and 21 %wt., and carbon concentration between 69 % and 72 %wt., resulting in O/C molar ratios between 0.17 and 0.22, values close to those of biodiesel. These fractions exhibited lower heating values of up to 31 MJ/kg, surpassing those of conventional liquid biofuels such as biomethanol and bioethanol. These findings highlight the potential of fractional condensation of pyrolysis vapors from residual biomass from <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> as an effective strategy to produce bio-oil with properties more suitable for direct energy use or as an intermediate feedstock for biofuels synthesis. Further research is recommended to optimize the condensation stages and assess the long-term stability of recovered fractions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on enameled wire pyrolysis of CO2 for high-quality recovery of copper and suppression of product toxicity","authors":"Sunjuanzi Gao ,&nbsp;Nengwu Zhu ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Haisheng Lin ,&nbsp;Rong Zhu ,&nbsp;Pingxiao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste motor windings in end-of-life electric spindles are recognized as a valuable resource for high-purity copper recovery, but conventional pyrolysis methods suffer from the toxicity of pyrolysis products and embrittlement of recycled copper. In this study, a CO₂-assisted pyrolysis method was proposed for efficient copper recovery and toxic compound suppression. High-purity copper (99.99 wt%) was recovered from waste motor windings by combined CO₂ pyrolysis and mechanical sieving, achieving a copper recovery efficiency of 99.51 %. The product distribution was restructured under CO₂ atmosphere, a 13.80 % reduction in benzene derivatives and a 12.03 % decrease in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis oil were observed. The favorable results were mainly attributed to the gas-phase reactions between CO₂ and volatile compounds, which suppressed polyaromatic condensation pathways and promoted oxidative cracking of volatile organics. In addition, the homogeneous reaction between CO₂ and pyrolysis products reduced the accumulation of hydrogen in copper, and the elongation of copper wire obtained at a CO₂ gas flow rate of 100 mL/min was enhanced by 134 % compared to that under N₂. This study suggested that CO₂ could be a sustainable alternative to N₂ in pyrolysis for the effective recovery of higher quality copper from enamelled wires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107335"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative flash pyrolysis of an artificially matured shale kerogen sequence: Deciphering evolution of liquid linear hydrocarbon generation throughout the oil window","authors":"Yinhua Pan ,&nbsp;Ying Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiulian Huang ,&nbsp;Liangliang Wu ,&nbsp;Yuhong Liao ,&nbsp;Lingling Liao ,&nbsp;Maowen Li ,&nbsp;Yongge Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular composition of kerogen and its thermal evolution play critical roles in revealing types and potential of hydrocarbon generation. In this study, on-line quantitative flash pyrolysis–gas chromatography (Py–GC) analysis was employed to investigate molecular composition and its evolution throughout the oil window by an artificially matured kerogen sequence. By introducing the Coats-Redfern model and Chen-Nuttall model, degradation kinetics of liquid linear hydrocarbons were calculated. Flash Py–GC of the kerogens yielded a considerable amount of C₈–C₂₈ <em>n</em>-alk-1-enes/<em>n</em>-alkanes that were derived from thermal cleavage of linear aliphatic moieties bonded to the kerogen structure. Generally, the abundance of linear aliphatic moieties shows a decreasing trend with increasing carbon number at a given thermal maturity. For a given chain length of linear aliphatic moieties, their generation also decreases progressively upon thermal maturity. Using the yield of <em>n</em>-alk-1-enes/<em>n</em>-alkanes from the original kerogen as a reference, the linear hydrocarbon generation amount (LHGA) of kerogen upon thermal maturity sequence was estimated. The results show that the calculated LHGA correlates well with the total hydrocarbon generation amount, suggesting that LHGA can be a measure to describe the evolution of liquid hydrocarbons within oil window. Given that thermal decomposition rate of kerogen follows overall first-order kinetics, the activation energies required for the breakdown of C₈<img>C₂₅ linear aliphatic moieties from kerogen structure are in the range of 27<img>45 kJ/mol. Degradation kinetic calculations of the linear aliphatic moieties demonstrate that the longer the chain length is, the easier the linear aliphatic moieties break down during thermal evolution. This has important implications for oil composition prediction and oil mobility due to chain length effects of linear hydrocarbons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107333"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of chemical treatment on the energy potential of Pachira aquatica A. fruit peel during pyrolysis","authors":"Mateus S. Carvalho ,&nbsp;João Daniel S. Castro ,&nbsp;Edinilson R. Camelo ,&nbsp;Hemerson O. Sousa ,&nbsp;Pablo S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Wilson S. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Shaojie Zhou ,&nbsp;Cesário F. Virgens","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable methods for producing fuels and chemicals are essential for addressing global warming and environmental damage. Biomass pyrolysis is a sustainable thermochemical process that converts biomass into fuels and valuable chemicals, potentially replacing fossil fuels. This study investigates the influence of acid treatment on the pyrolysis of <em>Pachira aquatica</em> A. (P) peel with phosphoric and sulfuric acid generating Pap and Pas respectively to produce energy or value-added chemical products. Slow pyrolysis was performed under non-isothermal conditions with heating rates of 5, 10, and 15 °C min⁻¹. Thermokinetic parameters were determined using the Friedman, KAS, FWO, and Starink isoconversional methods. All methods showed high correlation indices (R²) with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters calculated using the FWO method indicated greater spontaneity in the pyrolytic process for chemically treated samples. Acid treatment promotes partial removal and cracking chemical bonds, favoring greater conversion of lignocellulosic components such as cellulose and hemicellulose. Chemical treatment significantly enhances thermal decomposition and reduces the activation energy, following the order: E_A(Pap) &gt; E_A (Pas) &gt; E_A (P). Pyrolysis process results showed that the untreated sample was predominantly rich in phenolic compounds indicating extensive lignin depolymerization, in contrast both acids treated samples showed a shift toward furans, furfural and levoglucosenone, pointing to enhanced degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107325"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-catalytic methane pyrolysis for sustainable carbon production in steelmaking applications: Stainless steel catalysis and CO₂-enhanced catalyst regeneration","authors":"Shahab Bazri ,&nbsp;Carlo Mapelli ,&nbsp;Leonardo G. Mapelli ,&nbsp;Davide Mombelli ,&nbsp;Matteo Maria Saverio Tommasini ,&nbsp;Andrea Lucotti","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a scalable and eco-friendly thermo-catalytic methane pyrolysis (TCMP) for producing high-value carbon materials with tailored crystallinity and morphology, aiming to provide a sustainable alternative to conventional carbon materials such as furnace-derived morphology-controlled carbon. A key innovation is the use of stainless steel as both the reactor container and catalyst, utilizing the iron and nickel content to enhance methane decomposition efficiency. This dual function not only simplifies the reactor design but also supports large-scale production, solving the previous limitation of reactor clogging. Moreover, the study pioneers use of CO₂ injection as the second novel strategy for in-situ catalyst regeneration. These approaches simplify reactor design, reduce clogging, and improve process sustainability, addressing key limitations in existing TCMP systems. The resulting carbon materials exhibit diverse morphologies, allowing customization for varied industrial applications. Although definitive performance correlations require further study, Sample A displayed a relatively higher graphitization level, while Sample B exhibited more amorphous features, both addressing potential for distinct applications such as conductivity, catalysis, or adsorption depending on specific functionalization and purification. Characterization through Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms the structural adaptability achieved. While elemental traces of Fe, Cr, and Ni are present, they are consistent with catalytic residues and may be acceptable or beneficial in some industrial uses. This work also investigates the interconnection between hydrogen generation and carbon valorization, proposing that the solid carbon byproduct from methane pyrolysis, particularly the low-porosity, partially graphitized material, may serve as a feedstock in metallurgical processing such as ironmaking, where high-carbon-content reductants are essential. In this way, the dual utility of methane decomposition products enhances the overall sustainability and circularity of the TCMP process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107334"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogasoline production from co-pyrolysis of fresh palm fruit bunches and medical plastic waste for use in spark-ignition engines","authors":"Nathawat Unsomsri ,&nbsp;Khanes Chunyok ,&nbsp;Watcharapol Pakdee ,&nbsp;Phakwan Muncharoenporn ,&nbsp;Patchara Koedthong ,&nbsp;Sittinun Tawkaew ,&nbsp;Songkran Wiriyasart ,&nbsp;Sommas Kaewluan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work examines the co-pyrolysis of fresh palm fruit bunches (FFB) together with used medical saline bottles (UMSB) as an environmentally sustainable approach for biogasoline production. Three FFB:UMSB feed ratios (100:0, 75:25, and 50:50) were evaluated in a batch pyrolyzer at 450 °C to assess bio-oil yield, product distribution, and fuel quality. The bio-oil obtained was separated via fractional distillation into biogasoline and diesel-range fractions. GC–MS and FTIR analyses indicated that higher UMSB proportions increased light hydrocarbon levels while decreasing oxygen-containing compounds. The 50:50 blend achieved the highest biogasoline yield (87.7 %) with favorable properties including higher heating value (42.6 MJ/kg), low viscosity (0.88 cSt), and reduced acidity (pH 3.6). Engine tests using a 2 kW spark-ignition generator showed stable combustion, extended runtime (19.6 hr), and comparable electrical efficiency (16.8 %) to commercial gasoline (15.4 %). Emission measurements indicated significant reductions in CO (64 %) and NO_x (7.1 %) for the 50:50 blend. A simplified economic analysis showed cost competitiveness, with a production cost of 0.1 EUR/L and a profit margin of 0.8 EUR/L. The findings highlight co-pyrolysis as a promising circular-economy approach for converting palm biomass and plastic waste into value-added products via decentralized energy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107332"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the catalytic conversion of pyrolytic wax residue: Kinetics and co-pyrolysis","authors":"Himanshi Sharma ,&nbsp;Nandana Chakinala ,&nbsp;Chiranjeevi Thota ,&nbsp;Daya Shankar Pandey ,&nbsp;Anand Gupta Chakinala","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the valorization of pyrolysis waxy residue (PWR), a semi-solid byproduct remaining after the distillation of lighter fractions from paper and plastic waste derived pyrolysis oil, with the aim of optimizing hydrocarbon production. Three strategies were assessed: (1) co-pyrolysis of PWR with sawdust (SD) at varying ratios, (2) catalytic pyrolysis using molecular sieves (MS) and ZSM-5 catalysts, and (3) catalytic co-pyrolysis combining PWR, SD, and catalysts. Thermal decomposition analysis of the PWR revealed maximum volatile release, with complete conversion achieved at 550 °C. Kinetic parameters were estimated using Coats Redfern method and the activation energy was found in the range of 31.3 – 38.9 mol⁻¹ (avg: 35.3 mol⁻¹). Non catalytic fixed-bed co-pyrolysis at the optimum temperature of 550 ˚C showed a 3:1 PWR-to-SD ratio maximizing the hydrocarbon content (79.0 %) but resulted in low oil yields of (∼13 %,). In contrast, catalytic pyrolysis of PWR with MS resulted in a significantly higher hydrocarbon yield with negligible phenolic compounds, while ZSM-5 enhanced the gas production to 32.5 % but slightly reduced hydrocarbon yield to 65.9 %. Catalytic co-pyrolysis using MS provided higher oil yields of ∼40 % with hydrocarbon content at 71.0 %. Despite the challenge of converting long-chain hydrocarbons into oily sludge, the findings highlight the potential for complete conversion and maximized liquid yields through catalysts and co-pyrolysis with biomass mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107331"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}