Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Thermal conversion of plastic waste into fuels and lubricant additives for hydrogen internal combustion engines: A systematic review","authors":"Huiyi Tan ,&nbsp;Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman ,&nbsp;Sien Jie Wong ,&nbsp;Hong Yee Kek ,&nbsp;Kok Sin Woon ,&nbsp;Guo Ren Mong ,&nbsp;William Chong Woei Fong ,&nbsp;Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ,&nbsp;Bohong Wang ,&nbsp;Xue-Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Syie Luing Wong ,&nbsp;Keng Yinn Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating accumulation of plastic and microplastic wastes underscores the urgent need for innovative approaches to convert these pollutants into valuable products. Thermal conversion processes, including pyrolysis, plasma-catalytic pyrolysis and graphitization, have emerged as effective pathways to transform plastic waste into fuels and lubricant additives. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the production of fuels and hydrogen via thermal conversion processes, emphasizing their applications in hydrogen-powered internal combustion engines. Among the thermal conversion techniques, steam gasification of blended plastic waste with a CaO catalyst demonstrated a high hydrogen fuel yield of 104 mmol/g_plastic. Meanwhile, pressurized batch pyrolysis and batch pyrolysis exhibited superior liquid fuel and polymer-originated oil production efficiencies, achieving yields of 97 wt% and 96.7 wt%, respectively. This review also underscores the significant potential of thermal conversion processes for producing lubricant additives from plastic waste. The conversion pathways are categorized into direct and indirect thermal conversion methods, each offering distinct advantages for lubricant performance enhancement. In direct thermal conversion, processes such as pyrolysis, flash joule heating and graphitization transform plastic waste into carbon-based materials, including carbon nanomaterials, graphite and graphene. These carbon derivatives are highly valued for their superior tribological properties, which significantly enhance lubricant performance by reducing friction, minimizing wear and improving overall mechanical efficiency. Conversely, indirect thermal conversion methods produce various functionalized hydrocarbons, heterocyclic nitrogen-enriched carbon additives and other high-value compounds. These derivatives improve lubricant characteristics by enhancing viscosity stability, oxidation resistance and thermal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107345"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of hydrogen and nanocarbon via catalytic pyrolysis of waste polyolefin over nickel-impregnated coal flyash catalyst","authors":"Abdul Rafey ,&nbsp;Ejaz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Sreedevi Upadhyayula ,&nbsp;Kamal K. Pant","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conversion of waste polyolefins into valuable products like hydrogen and nanocarbon offers a promising pathway for waste management and resource recovery. This study investigates the catalytic pyrolysis using coal flyash (FA) and nickel-impregnated flyash (Ni-FA) as catalysts. Coal flyash, rich in Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, serves as a sustainable and low-cost support for Ni impregnation, enhancing catalytic efficiency. Characterization using TPR, XRD, and FESEM confirmed effective dispersion of Ni on the surface of flyash. The catalysts were then used during pyrolysis of LDPE, HDPE, and PP in a fixed-bed reactor. Ni-FA catalyst yielded 60–75 vol% H₂ as compared to 25–60 vol% obtained using FA alone. The nanocarbon structures formed on the Ni-FA catalysts were predominantly multi-walled carbon nanotubes with diameters ranging from 10 to 60 nm, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, and HRTEM. The findings indicate that Ni-FA is a cost-effective and sustainable catalyst, leveraging industrial waste material to address both plastic pollution and the growing demand for H₂ and nanocarbon. This study highlights the dual benefit of waste valorization and energy recovery, offering a scalable and environmentally friendly approach for a circular economy. Future research will delve into enhancing the ability of the catalyst by recovering the nanocarbon and regenerating the catalyst for further cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107357"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive study on the pyrolysis characteristics of end-of-life photovoltaic module backsheet: Kinetic analysis, ReaxFF MD simulation and DFT calculation","authors":"Shangming Wang ,&nbsp;Yunan Chen ,&nbsp;Guoping Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comprehensive investigation of the pyrolysis of typical Tedlar-PET-Tedlar (TPT) backsheet was conducted under nitrogen, integrating macro-scale thermal analysis with atomistic simulations using reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) and density functional theory (DFT). Thermogravimetric experiments reveal that TPT backsheet undergoes single-stage weight-loss process with activation energy increasing initially and then leveling off to an approximately constant value. The iso-conversional method identified pyrolysis kinetic triplet parameters. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism function was reconstructed and optimized based on an adjustment function, which showed improved accuracy in predicting actual pyrolysis behavior compared to traditional solid-state reaction kinetic models. ReaxFF-MD simulations indicate that random scission of polymer chains dominates the pyrolysis process. The decomposition initiates at the C-O bonds adjacent to ester groups in the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) chains, leading to the formation of terephthalic acid (TPA) as major intermediate. Concerted reaction involving six-membered ring transition state with energy barrier of 210.50 kJ/mol was identified as the dominant pathway in the initial pyrolysis of TPT. Subsequently, dehydrofluorination of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) side groups occurs with energy barrier of 242.90 kJ/mol, producing HF. Synergistic effect between PVF and PET was observed. Fluorinated radicals generated from PVF can react with radicals such as TPA to form fluorinated carbon compounds. Additionally, HF facilitates the cleavage of ester bonds in PET, thus lowering the initial depolymerization barrier to 174.73 kJ/mol. The reaction network constructed, together with the calculated energy barriers and identified rate-determining steps, provides critical insights for the development of energy-efficient and pollution-reducing pyrolysis processes for end-of-life PV backsheet recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107353"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pyrolysis of biosolids in a novel fluidized bed heat exchanger reactor: Pilot plant trials, biochar properties, gas emissions testing, and fate of PFAS","authors":"Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem ,&nbsp;Shivani Agnihotri ,&nbsp;Savankumar Patel ,&nbsp;Ganesh Veluswamy ,&nbsp;Nimesha Rathnayake ,&nbsp;Arun K. Vuppaladadiyam ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Al-Waili ,&nbsp;Sudhakar Pabba ,&nbsp;Adhithiya V. Thulasiraman ,&nbsp;Aravind Surapaneni ,&nbsp;Kalpit Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are limited pilot-scale investigations of biosolids pyrolysis, particularly utilising an autothermal fluidised bed reactor system. This study reported the pilot trials of biosolids pyrolysis using the novel integrated fluidised bed heat exchanger, PYROCO™ reactor technology. The pilot plant was operated for 14 days at an average feed rate of 15 kg/h dry biosolids. The produced biochar was comprehensively characterized for its physicochemical properties and residual contaminant profile. Gas effluent streams sampled from various locations within the plant were analysed for traditional pollutants, including CO, SOx, NOx, dioxins, and furans, along with particulate matter, hydrocarbons, chlorides, fluorides, and metal(loid)s through independent gas emission testing. Additionally, the fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was evaluated through PFAS analysis in all solid, liquid, and gas streams, as well as through fluorine mass balance. The biochar produced exhibited a high carbon content (20–30 wt%) and retained beneficial agronomic properties, such as low O/C and H/C atomic ratios, along with high macronutrient contents. While concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased in the biochar, most persistent organic contaminants were effectively removed, resulting in non-detectable levels of PFAS, microplastics, pharmaceuticals, hormones, estrogens, and pesticides. The PFAS and fluorine mass balance analysis indicated that PFAS concentrations in the influent biosolids (58.1 ng/g) were reduced to non-detectable levels across all effluent streams, including biochar, scrubber water, and flue gas, demonstrating effective PFAS removal. Gas emissions testing revealed that all measured gas pollutants, except for particulate matter and mercury, were within acceptable industrial emission thresholds for thermal plants. Overall, the findings underscore that the PYROCO™ technology is a promising solution for the energy-efficient conversion of biosolids into high-quality biochar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex reaction processes in Kerogen pyrolysis unraveled by deep learning-based molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Bin Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Haochen Shi ,&nbsp;Yujie Zeng ,&nbsp;Huinan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of the instruments and operational handling inevitably introduce experimental errors, leading to an incomplete understanding of the kerogen pyrolysis mechanism. Data-driven deep learning offers the potential to address these challenges. Based on conventional experiments (¹³C-NMR, XPS, and FT-IR), this study constructed a molecular model of kerogen from Huadian oil shale. Subsequently, reactive molecular dynamics simulations were employed to simulate the pyrolysis process of the kerogen macromolecular model, yielding 40,483 stable and complex non-equilibrium structures during the pyrolysis process. For these structures, we utilized deep learning combined with quantum chemistry calculations to establish, for the first time, a high-precision pyrolysis potential energy model specific to kerogen molecules. This model reveals the pyrolysis mechanism at the atomic scale with significantly enhanced accuracy. By employing a data-driven approach, we reduced errors in the study of pyrolysis mechanisms caused by experimental instrumentation and manual operations. Furthermore, this method overcomes computational limitations inherent to traditional quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics, achieving a balance between computational accuracy and speed. This study not only provides a new perspective for using deep learning to tackle the challenges of non-equilibrium complex structures in computational chemistry but also unveils the kerogen pyrolysis mechanism at the atomic scale. It further advances the theoretical computational framework for regulating oil shale reaction processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107341"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-tar coated converter slag composites: A sustainable approach for high-performance supercapacitors","authors":"Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongkai Di ,&nbsp;Guangzhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanrui Ma ,&nbsp;Jingsi Yang ,&nbsp;Ruihong Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiangze Han ,&nbsp;Kunjie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Converter steel slag is a significant source of solid waste, which is typically disposed of in landfills and occupies substantial land resources. Biomass tar, a byproduct of biomass thermal conversion, usually contains various toxic substances that can cause environmental harm. This study presented a co-carbonization approach of biomass tar and converter steel slag for the synergistic preparation of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. The material integrated a dual energy storage mechanism: the porous carbon matrix derived from biomass tar provided double-layer capacitance, while the exposed Fe₂O₃ active sites and N/O heteroatoms in the modified converter steel slag enabled pseudocapacitive effects. Among all the materials evaluated, S@TC-3 demonstrated the most outstanding electrochemical performance: achieving a remarkable specific capacitance of 333.2 F/g in a three-electrode configuration. When assembled into a symmetric device operating at 1.8 V, it delivered an energy density of 18.47 Wh/kg at a power density of 499 W/kg. Furthermore, after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, the capacitance retention remained as high as 86.5 %. This approach achieved the value-added utilization of industrial wastes and provided a new pathway for low-cost, scalable preparation of advanced energy storage materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107344"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled hydrothermal carbonization of wood-derived lignin-rich lignocellulose: Redefining pyrolytic pathways to tailored biochar and hydrogen-enriched syngas","authors":"Muhammad Rizwan ,&nbsp;Asma Leghari ,&nbsp;Akash Kumar ,&nbsp;Azhar Laghari ,&nbsp;Adil Mansoor ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif Nawaz ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research illustrates the efficacy of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a pretreatment method to improve the pyrolytic performance of wood-derived lignin-rich lignocellulosic biomass (LB), supported by thorough characterization of its derived products such as syngas, tar, and biochar. A systematic comparison of non<strong>-</strong>HTC<strong>-</strong>treated LB and HTC<strong>-</strong>treated LB through their respective pyrolytic-derived biochar (NLB, HLB) obtained across temperatures (400<strong>-</strong>1000°C) revealed their basic structural and reactivity variations. HTC resulted in a new carbonyl peak with a 28 % increase in C<img>O concentration in derived biochar, with partial aromatization evidenced by C<img>C bonds at 1509 cm^-¹ . Spectroscopic analysis confirmed that HTC promoted a defective carbon structure in derived biochar while enhancing its crystallinity and maintaining its integrity even at higher temperatures. XPS analysis demonstrated that at 1000°C, HLB<strong>-</strong>T₁₀ retained active oxygen functionalities, while its associated pyrolytic products H₂ and CO boosted from 22.45 % to 40.4 % and 32.3–33.4 %, respectively, with drastically lowered CO₂ emissions from 39.95 % to 11.5 %. Regulated deoxygenation routes cause tar composition to shift toward desirable aromatic chemicals. This comprehensive strategy offers a sustainable valorization technique that increases syngas generation efficiency, lowers emissions, and optimizes biorefinery product selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107342"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into urea-induced modulation of lignin pyrolysis behaviors and product distribution","authors":"Yixuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Geliang Xie ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zhu,&nbsp;Lujiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigated the influence of urea, an active nitrogen, on the pyrolysis behavior of lignin. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and kinetic analysis were employed to elucidate the synergistic effect of reaction pathway modulation and product distribution optimization between urea and lignin. The results indicated that urea significantly reduced lignin pyrolysis activation energy (E), with a maximum reduction of 254.14 kJ/mol (lignin+50 % urea) and average energy decreasing to 87.28 kJ/mol. Meanwhile, it induced a transition from the nth-order reaction to the geometric contraction. Moreover, urea effectively inhibited the formation of complex phenolic and hydrocarbon substances, elevating the proportion of simple phenols in bio-oil to about 40 % while promoting formation of pyridine-N and pyrrole-N structures in bio-char, which increased the nitrogen content from 2.00 % to 2.71 %. The experiments also found that NH₃ and free radicals derived from urea decomposition could participate in the free-radical reactions of lignin, promoting the cleavage of C-O and C-H bonds and hydrogenation and deoxygenation, thereby achieving the regulation of product selectivity. Urea offers an efficient and feasible technical route for the directional conversion of lignin into high-value chemicals with promising application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107340"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing pyrolysis oil quality through in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of biochar with temperature-driven nitrogen configuration modulation: Mechanistic insights into the catalytic process","authors":"Aoxuan Li ,&nbsp;Xin Tang ,&nbsp;Yujiao Wen ,&nbsp;Chengxuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jinmeng Wu ,&nbsp;Wenyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Lide Liu ,&nbsp;Lezhu Su ,&nbsp;Nan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Design and development of highly efficient, low-loading, and green non-metal catalysts is critical for advancing biomass sustainable recycling and the derived bio-oil upgrading. This study introduces a nitrogen-doped biochar (NBCs) catalyst that synthesized via a one-step co-pyrolysis of reed straw, which can enabling precise control over nitrogen configurations (pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, graphitic-N) for in-situ catalytic pyrolysis with negligible secondary pollution. Product analysis reveals that NBCs significantly improve bio-oil quality using trace catalyst amounts, increasing phenolic compounds from 60.74 % (non-catalytic) to 75.96 % (900NBC) and raising pH from 3.17 to 4.3, indicating effective acidity reduction. Notably, pyrrolic-N dominates oxygen removal by facilitating decarboxylation and other deoxygenation pathways (e.g., C-O bond cleavage), effectively lowering the O/C ratio, while graphitic-N reduces heavy organics (&gt;C20) via enhanced cracking and aromatization. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate atomic-scale mechanisms: pyrrolic-N exhibits a low hydrogen activation barrier (150.995 kJ/mol at PR25H), facilitating C-O bond cleavage through nucleophilic sites (Fukui function f-=0.1067), whereas graphitic-N activates hydroxyl radicals via water dissociation (energy barrier: 279.298 kJ/mol at GN26OH), promoting aromatic condensation through electrophilic carbon centers (f+=0.0852). The self-catalyzed system achieves efficient reed conversion with minimal catalyst consumption, yielding stable bio-oil (51.94–52.09 wt%). These findings establish a structure-activity model demonstrating that nitrogen-induced electronic effects—rather than physical properties—govern catalytic performance, providing a foundation for designing low-cost, eco-friendly catalysts for sustainable biomass valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107323"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-pyrolysis of Melocanna baccifera and Royal Poinciana: Integrated product characterization and synergistic effects on aqueous and organic phases","authors":"Pikesh Kumar,&nbsp;Kaustubha Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable energy and resource recovery underscores the need to explore underutilized lignocellulosic biomass. This study is driven by the motivation to harness such renewable resources through pyrolytic valorization, aiming to optimize the yields of aqueous phase and characteristics of biochar, biphasic liquid products, and gaseous outputs under both individual and co-fed feedstock conditions. The feedstocks selected for the pyrolysis experiments are: i) pure RP (<em>Royal Poinciana</em> pod) biomass and ii) 1:1 (mass ratio) mixture of MB (<em>Melocanna baccifera</em>) and RP, referred to as RM. The experiments were conducted in a semi-batch reactor over a temperature range of 450 °C to 600 °C. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of RP and MB was carried out to assess the synergistic interactions between the feedstocks, which led to enhancements in product yields and resulted in significant improvements in the physicochemical characteristics of biochar, liquid fractions, and the energy content of the gaseous phases. In the aqueous phase, the highest yields were observed at 450 °C, 10.5 % for RP and 11.2 % for the RM blend, where the increase in yield for RM is attributed to the synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis with MB biomass. The aqueous phases RM were enriched with ionic species such as acids and electronegative compounds, as verified by FTIR, with ¹H NMR confirming higher area percentages. GC–MS analysis of the organic phase at this optimal condition indicated a phenolic content decreased to 32.62 % upon co-feeding due to thermal degradation, demethoxylation, and condensation to non-volatile compounds. The biochar demonstrated high heating values of 26.58 MJ kg⁻¹ (RP) and 28.41 MJ kg⁻¹ for RM at 600 °C, suggesting that it can be used as a solid fuel. The gaseous products notable increase in methane and hydrogen, and a decrease in CO₂ observed as a result of synergistic interactions of feedstocks. This co-feeding strategy enhanced the overall quality of the solid, organic, aqueous, and gaseous products, thereby broadening their potential applications across energy production, material development, and green chemical industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107339"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}