Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the dynamics of solid waste co-pyrolysis through thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic analysis for technological upscaling (2001–2022)","authors":"Meng Yang Tee ,&nbsp;Kok Sin Woon ,&nbsp;Syie Luing Wong ,&nbsp;Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ,&nbsp;Jian Ping Tan ,&nbsp;William Woei Fong Chong ,&nbsp;Guo Ren Mong","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the rates of population growth and urbanization increase, solid waste management becomes a global challenge, leading to increased research on co-pyrolysis as a sustainable waste management approach. The studies typically begin with thermogravimetric characteristics and kinetic parameter investigations of various feedstock blends. However, a comprehensive examination of the research landscape and future directions of co-pyrolysis kinetics remains lacking in the literature. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis of 461 Web of Science-indexed publications was conducted to examine topical developments from 2001 to 2022. The topic experienced rapid growth in terms of total publications and citations. <em>Bioresource Technology</em> is the most productive journal, while <em>Energy Conversion and Management</em> is the most influential. Due to extensive policy frameworks and financial support, China has made the most significant impact on the co-pyrolysis kinetics field. South China University of Technology is the most prolific organization due to <em>Ma Xiaoqian</em> and other productive authors’ efforts. Keyword analysis revealed that co-pyrolysis kinetics research mainly emphasizes investigations on thermal decomposition behaviour, chemical kinetics, bio-product characteristics, and synergistic relationships within feedstock blends. Literature review revealed that co-pyrolysis applications of biomass–plastics and biomass–sludge feedstock blends have received notable attention from researchers. However, blending sludge and plastic wastes still requires further exploration despite its potential. Furthermore, the upscaling of co-pyrolysis experiments relies on thermogravimetric and kinetic analyses for optimal feedstock combination and operating conditions, ensuring maximum synergy and desired bio-products. Overall, the study offers crucial insights for co-pyrolysis industry players, potentially solidifying its role in global waste valorisation roadmaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106806"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading vacuum residue in a supercritical CO2 environment with polypropylene and steam: Insights into products distribution and characterization of liquid products","authors":"Shabnam Gharibi ,&nbsp;Shohreh Fatemi ,&nbsp;Farouq S. Mjalli","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pyrolysis of vacuum residue (VR) using polypropylene (PP) under supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) conditions represents a novel approach to converting this abundant and difficult-to-process feedstock into lighter liquid products. In this paper, a set of experiments was performed to analyze the impact of scCO₂, PP and steam on the yields of pyrolysis products (i.e., liquid, gas and coke) and characteristics of the liquid fractions. The findings indicated notable improvements when scCO₂ was used instead of subcritical CO₂ in the pyrolysis of VR with PP. These included decreased viscosity and improved API gravity, alongside increased maltene yield and reduced coke yield. Furthermore, the inclusion of PP markedly elevated the quality of the obtained liquid, whereas steam + scCO₂ primarily affected the product distribution by raising the yield of coke and gas fractions. VR pyrolysis under scCO₂ conditions at 380 °C, 8 MPa, PP/VR ratio of 0.23 for 60 min in a batch system, without the use of catalyst, resulted in the highest liquid yield of 83.7 ± 1.9 wt%, and minimum coke yield of 9.8 ± 1.3 wt%. Under these conditions, the upgraded liquid consisted of 75.2 wt% light and middle distillates with boiling points below 350 °C. Additionally, the proportion of oxygenates in the pyrolysis oil reduced by 60.5 %, improving its heating value. Moreover, adding PP to the upgrading process resulted in a higher proportion of isoparaffins, cycloparaffins, and aromatics, coupled with a decrease in olefins, aligning the liquid specifications more closely with fuel standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106797"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of functional groups on the pyrolysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances","authors":"Lillian N. Tran ,&nbsp;Michael Lum ,&nbsp;Linhui Tian ,&nbsp;Jinyong Liu ,&nbsp;Ying-Hsuan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal treatment is a widely used remediation strategy for PFAS-contaminated materials such as soil, spent sorbents, and domestic waste. To better understand the effectiveness and environmental impact of thermal treatments for PFAS-contaminated materials, a fundamental understanding of PFAS thermal degradation mechanisms is required. This work aims to study the pyrolysis of six representative PFAS compounds, all of which have an eight-carbon length but with different functional groups. To assess the thermal stability and pyrolysis products of these six PFAS compounds, evolved gas analysis (EGA) was performed using thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) coupled with an infrared spectrometer (IR) and a mass spectrometer (MS), as well as pyrolysis-GCMS (Pyr-GCMS). The EGA data demonstrates that compounds with lower estimated vapor pressures were generally found to be more thermally labile, and the presence of an ionic bond necessitates higher temperatures for pyrolysis. Pyrolysis at 900 °C yielded a variety of fluorinated organic compounds at significant signals. Tetrafluoroethene constituted the majority of the Pyr-GCMS signal for all the compounds. Moreover, a significant fraction of detected products was unable to be identified, underscoring a need for better tools to help with the identification of unknowns. Pyrolysis can occur through random chain scission, scission of the functional group, scission of the terminal CF₃ group, and HF elimination. Some compounds may undergo more complete beta-scission to produce smaller pyrolysis products compared to others. The presence of acidic protons within the functional group can help facilitate HF elimination, whereas the salt form of a PFAS compound is less likely to undergo HF elimination. Termination of radical intermediates can either be recombination with a CF₃ radical or hydrogen abstraction (H-abstraction). Observed hydrogen-substituted products indicate that functional groups with higher hydrocarbon character may lead to more H-abstraction terminated products. Overall findings show that the functional group of a PFAS may decrease or increase its thermal stability and lead to different profiles of pyrolysis products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106820"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving H2S remediation efficiency through metal-free biochar modification: Nitrogen introduction and mesopore formation","authors":"Seul Yi Kim ,&nbsp;Ajit Dattatray Phule ,&nbsp;Jae Hwan Yang ,&nbsp;Seung-Chul Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) poses substantial risks to human safety and infrastructure due to its toxicity and corrosive properties. In this study, we present a novel approach to enhance the selective catalytic oxidation of H₂S by synthesizing a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon catalyst (denoted as M/B-X-PZ-T) through pyrolysis at 600–800 °C. Our catalyst, derived from commercial biochar, incorporates melamine as a nitrogen source and employs KCl and ZnCl₂ as porogens via the salt-templating method. The resulting catalyst, M/B-1-PZ-700, exhibits an impressive specific surface area of up to 1269.77 m²/g and a high mesopore ratio, with effective nitrogen doping reaching up to 15.35 at%. Remarkably, M/B-1-PZ-700 demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving 100 % H₂S conversion and 94 % sulfur selectivity at 170 °C, surpassing previous nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts. Furthermore, our optimized catalyst maintained over 95 % H₂S conversion and superior sulfur yield for 36 h, indicating excellent long-term stability. This metal-free catalyst derived from biochar offers a promising, sustainable, and eco-friendly solution for effectively mitigating hazardous H₂S emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106822"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uniformly dispersed Co-Corrin/C catalysts for the study of β-O-4 bonding activity in lignin","authors":"Shuang Wang ,&nbsp;Huihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunyan Yu ,&nbsp;Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Yanju Lu ,&nbsp;Lu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Co-Corrin/C catalysts with corrin active skeleton were prepared by pyrolysis under anaerobic conditions using vitamin B12 (VB12) as a precursor and activated carbon with rich mesoporous structure as a carrier. The Co-Corrin/C catalyst was applied to the oxidative cleavage reaction of lignin, showing a 92.74 % breakage of β-O-4 bonds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the low energy gap difference of Co-Corrin/C promotes electron transfer between Co and O. Meanwhile, the pyrrole ring in the corrin structure will be adsorbed and bonded to oxygen, which promotes the generation of large amounts of oxygen free radicals. The C_α-OH bond in the lignin aliphatic chain is oxidized to C_α=O bond under the action of oxygen radicals, which reduces the dissociation energy of the β-O-4 bond and significantly improves the oxidation efficiency. Cycling experiments proved that Co-Corrin/C has good stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106826"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic analysis of landfill stale garbage (LSG) pyrolysis and combustion behaviour using thermogravimetry coupled MS and FTIR technique","authors":"Muhammad Irfan Rajput ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Beibei Yan ,&nbsp;Guanyi Chen ,&nbsp;Yunan Sun ,&nbsp;Juan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The environmental impact of landfill stale garbage (LSG), particularly concerning methane emissions and the depletion of valuable resources, presents a significant challenge to environmental sustainability. This research examines the thermochemical properties of LSG, establishing a foundation for the development of efficient treatment methods focused on energy and resource recovery. The TG-FTIR-MS technique and the modified Coast Redfern model were used to evaluate thermal behaviour, gas emissions, and decomposition during the pyrolysis and combustion processes of LSG, both individually and in blends. The study demonstrates that blended component pyrolysis attains a conversion efficiency of up to 85 %, in contrast to 65 % for individual components. This indicates a synergistic effect that implies catalytic actions, which notably improve the decomposition process and decrease pollutants such as sulphur, fluorine, nitrogen compounds, and hazardous halogens that may generate dioxins and furans during combustion. Analysis indicated that the activation energy necessary for the pyrolysis of individual LSG components exhibited significant variation, with values ranging from 7.6 to 217.3 kJ/mol. The blended components demonstrated an activation energy range of 20–178.5 kJ/mol for pyrolysis and 14.1–167.7 kJ/mol for combustion. This study suggests that pyrolysis of blended LSG components is preferable to combustion, as it offers greater efficiency and reduced pollutant emissions, despite combustion's notable energy yield and volume reduction. Our research indicates significant advancements in conversion efficiency and pollutant reduction, prompting a strong recommendation for pyrolysis as the optimal method for LSG treatment. This method demonstrates a balance between resource recovery and environmental responsibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106794"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on FDCA pyrolysis by TG-FTIR-MS characterization and ReaxFF-MD simulation","authors":"Chengzhi Liu ,&nbsp;Kunmei Su ,&nbsp;Zhenhuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring the thermal stability and decarboxylation pathways of FDCA from a microscopic perspective is crucial for the polymerization of furan-based polyesters. In this study, TG-FTIR-MS technology combined with molecular dynamics simulation (ReaxFF-MD) was employed to investigate the thermal decomposition behavior and decarboxylation mechanisms of FDCA. TG-FTIR-MS analysis revealed that FDCA begins to decompose above 200 °C, with the main products being CO₂ and 2-furoic acid. ReaxFF-MD simulations showed that in the early stages of decomposition at 1500 K, the primary gaseous products are CO₂ and CO. Additionally, catalyst studies demonstrated that tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) is more suitable than Sb₂O₃ for PEF polymerization. Direct polycondensation of purified BHEF resulted in samples with a reduced absorbance at 400 nm by 0.32, significantly improving the discoloration issue of PEF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of CO2 on the pyrolysis of mixed polymer wastes into combustible fuel: A case study for footwear waste","authors":"Taewoo Lee ,&nbsp;Sangyoon Lee ,&nbsp;Doyeon Lee ,&nbsp;Eilhann E. Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic waste is a promising resource for producing liquid fuels that can be integrated into existing hydrocarbon infrastructures. However, the heterogeneous nature of plastic-derived liquid fuels limits direct application in internal combustion engines, necessitating their refinement into a usable form. To address these issues, this study explored the enhancement of combustible gaseous fuels derived from plastic waste, footwear waste, as a viable alternative. This approach involves the introduction of carbon dioxide as a reactive feedstock during the pyrolysis process. Analytical techniques were employed to precisely determine the types and compositions of four polymers present in footwear waste. The compositional matrices of the primary pyrogenic products were also identified. However, incorporating carbon dioxide into pyrolysis leads to its interaction with volatile compounds, converting them into lighter gaseous products, particularly carbon monoxide. The homogeneous reactivity of carbon dioxide was further enhanced by the application of heat and a nickel-based catalyst. The gaseous product yield from catalytic pyrolysis in the presence of carbon dioxide increased proportionally with the test temperature. Specifically, the use of carbon dioxide led to a 1.92-fold increase in gaseous product yield at 700 ˚C, in reference to the results from nitrogen. This study demonstrates a technical advancement in pyrolytic valorisation of footwear waste by incorporating carbon dioxide and provides a detailed investigation into its mechanical role in maximising the production of combustible gaseous fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106810"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential hydrocarbon generation characteristics of organic matter with green algae and cyanobateria origins in the Permain Lucaogou Formation of the Santanghu Basin","authors":"Miao Yu ,&nbsp;Gang Gao ,&nbsp;Hui Liang ,&nbsp;Miao Liu ,&nbsp;Jilun Kang ,&nbsp;Xiongfei Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic-rich fine-grained rocks are key carriers of unconventional oil and gas resources, making it crucial to understand their hydrocarbon generation and evolution characteristics. This study examines the fine-grained rocks of the second member of the Lucaogou Formation (P₂l₂) in the Tiaohu and Malang Sags of the Santanghu Basin, focusing on how different organic matter (OM) backgrounds - primarily green algae and cyanobacteria - affect hydrocarbon generation and crude oil properties. Kinetic analysis and hydrous pyrolysis experiments on shales rich in green algae, cyanobacteria, and their mixtures revealed that green algae - derived OM requires lower activation energy to initiate hydrocarbon generation, results in an earlier oil generation peak, and has a broader oil window. Conversely, cyanobacteria - derived OM needs higher activation energy to start hydrocarbon generation, has a later oil peak, and a more concentrated generation period. These findings led to two models: the \"green algae origin - early hydrocarbon generation - early oil peak - broad oil window model\" and the \"cyanobacteria origin - late hydrocarbon generation - late oil peak - concentrated oil generation model.\" Correlation analysis showed that aromatic hydrocarbons, resins, and asphaltenes significantly degrade crude oil quality. Hydrous pyrolysis experiments indicated that the heavy component content (aromatic hydrocarbons + resins + asphaltenes) in liquid hydrocarbons follows the order: residual oil &gt; absorbed oil &gt; expelled oil, with content initially increasing and then decreasing with maturity, and the color change of liquid hydrocarbons in dichloromethane reflects heavy component content changes effectively. Calculations of density and viscosity of liquid hydrocarbons, based on heavy component content and crude oil properties, were compared with the longitudinal distribution of crude oil properties in the study area. Results show that the hydrocarbon generation characteristics of green algae and cyanobacteria control crude oil properties, highlighting significant intra-source differentiation in the P₂l₂ shale and validates the phase separation approach in hydrous pyrolysis experiments. The P₂l₂ shale, with its high OM content and substantial hydrocarbon generation, holds great potential for shale oil exploration, but both reservoir quality and crude oil property evolution under different OM backgrounds should be considered when selecting favorable areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106821"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of the influence of supercritical water on the pyrolysis of plastic waste: Modelling approaches and process effects","authors":"Gust Popelier ,&nbsp;Gilles Dossche ,&nbsp;Sphurti Prakash Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Florence Vermeire ,&nbsp;Maarten Sabbe ,&nbsp;Kevin M. Van Geem","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical water has emerged as a promising solvent for the pyrolysis of plastic waste, offering advantageous effects on both the process and its products. Experimental observations have shown that the presence of supercritical water reduces coke formation and enhances liquid yield during plastic waste pyrolysis. However, these effects are not significant for small non-heteroatomic hydrocarbons such as hexane or tert-butylbenzene. Consequently, the influence of supercritical water only becomes prominent for larger hydrocarbons. Despite this, modelling efforts have predominantly focused on these small, often heteroatomic, compounds. This review aims to clarify how supercritical water impacts the pyrolysis of polyolefins, highlighting significant effects and proposing approaches for modelling supercritical water pyrolysis. Essential to understand is the phase behaviour exhibited by water-hydrocarbon systems. To this end, we have further explored promising equations of state for the modelling of such systems, particularly in the supercritical domain. Additionally, the effects of supercritical water on the pyrolysis process are examined both as a medium and as a reactant. As a medium, supercritical water influences the process mainly through phase separation and dilution, but it can also stabilize molecules and affect diffusion limitations. As a reactant in non-heteroatom containing systems, water serves primarily as a radical carrier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106805"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}