Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Chemical recycling of mixed thermoplastics via pyrolysis: A comparative study of feedstock influence and reactor impact","authors":"Niklas Netsch ,&nbsp;Aljoscha Tauber ,&nbsp;Orhan Keskin ,&nbsp;Britta Bergfeldt ,&nbsp;Harald Wehner ,&nbsp;Dirk Eidam ,&nbsp;Salar Tavakkol ,&nbsp;Dieter Stapf","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis represents a promising solution for increasing plastic waste recycling rates in a circular economy. The thermal decomposition behavior of pure polymers is well investigated. However, the diverse composition and complex technical reactor conditions pose challenges for the pyrolysis of heterogeneous plastic waste. Therefore, this study examines the pyrolysis of virgin polymers, defined reference mixtures, and post-consumer waste in a scalable stirred tank reactor (STR) compared to an auger-type screw reactor (ASR) at pilot-scale. The results of the STR confirm that simple polymer blends of polyolefins and polystyrene degrade following the decomposition mechanisms of the pure polymer, while heteroatom-containing mixtures exhibit interaction effects. These interactions shift the products from the condensable to the gaseous fraction by up to 22 wt.%. Furthermore, product yields and compositions strongly depend on reactor design and process parameters. The gas residence time and the time-dependent polymer pyrolysis temperature are identified as the main influencing parameters. In this study, interaction effects between different polymers overlap the reactor-specific impact in complex feedstock mixtures, dominating the product yields. The condensate yield in the STR exceeds the results obtained in the ASR by 10–24 wt.% for LDPE, PP, PS, and a mixture of them. In contrast, the STR system yields only up to 6 wt.% more condensates than the ASR system for mixtures containing oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine. The reactor type has a major impact on condensate quality. The H/C ratio, heteroatom content, and proportion of distillation cuts in the light and middle distillate range vary significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107575"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and corn stover using self-sourced biochar catalyst for product valorization without heavy metal risk","authors":"Xiaona Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Zhuansun ,&nbsp;Binbin Tang ,&nbsp;Zhen Sun ,&nbsp;Hongtao Li ,&nbsp;Badr A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unsustainable management of sewage sludge (SS) poses significant environmental and economic challenges. However, the substantial organic fraction within SS has considerable potential for thermochemical conversion. This study presents a novel strategy that utilizes self-sourced biochar as a catalyst to synergistically enhance the ex-situ upgrading of catalytic co-pyrolysis vapors derived from SS and corn stover (CS) in a mass ratio of 1:1 at 500 °C. The physicochemical properties of biochar, its catalytic performance in reforming co-pyrolysis vapors, and the transformations of heavy metals were comprehensively investigated. The optimal SS-to-CS mass ratio of 2:8 generated nitrogen enriched biochar with enhanced surface area and porosity, which significantly improved the quality of the co-pyrolysis oil. Compared to the non-catalytic process, the phenols content increased significantly from 13.7 % in to 32.1 %, while the acids content decreased from 39.8 % to 22.4 %. The interaction between SS and CS during co-pyrolysis inhibited the formation of nitrogen-containing compounds, and the self-sourced biochar catalyst further reduced their content from a calculated 20.6 % to an experimental 10.0 %. Furthermore, the catalytic co-pyrolysis process stabilized heavy metals through chelation with free radicals, resulting in minimal speciation transformation and low bioaccessibility in the spent biochar catalyst. These findings present a sustainable approach for simultaneous waste valorization and high-value chemicals production, offering dual benefits of resource circularity and risk mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107560"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the pyrolysis behavior of tar-rich coal via infrared fast heating","authors":"Yongming Xin,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Liu,&nbsp;Yinping Wang,&nbsp;Zeyu Peng,&nbsp;Yu Jia,&nbsp;Wei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fast pyrolysis has attracted considerable attention for coal conversion owing to its capacity to shorten reaction time and enhance tar yield, while the influence of the reaction conditions on the pyrolysis behavior remains inadequately quantified. Here, an infrared fast heating reactor was employed and the effect of coal mass, final temperature and heating rate on product yield and composition of a typical tar-rich coal was thoroughly studied at a larger experimental scale than commonly used (tens of grams instead of milligrams). The results showed that during fast pyrolysis (heating rate 100 ℃/s), with the increase of sample mass from 10 g to 100 g, the volatiles could not be discharged from the reactor in time, and the intensified polycondensation or insufficient pyrolysis caused the gradually decreasing yields of tar and gas. With the increase of final temperature from 500 ℃ to 800 ℃, more chemical bonds were broken, resulting in the generation of more volatiles, and the tar yield increased to a peak and then decreased, while the gas yield gradually increased. The high temperature increased the secondary cracking and polycondensation reactions, which could also be confirmed by the decrease of the aliphatics and the increase of naphthalenes, anthracene, and PAHs in the tar. Under certain conditions (large sample masses, high final temperatures), fast pyrolysis can produce tar yields comparable to or even lower than those from slow pyrolysis, which challenges the widespread assumption that fast pyrolysis always maximizes tar yield. The investigation of the heating rate further demonstrated that an appropriate heating rate was beneficial for the increase of tar yield. This study concluded that lower sample mass and optimal final temperature were conducive to increasing the tar yield during fast pyrolysis, which was expected to provide valuable insights for fast pyrolysis research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107569"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Fe-loaded catalysts in dual-stage pyrolysis-volatile reforming of biomass: Enhancing aromatic and hydrogen yield from wheat straw","authors":"Yansong Shi ,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhao ,&nbsp;Mudassir Hussain Tahir ,&nbsp;Electo Eduardo Silva Lora ,&nbsp;Alexander N. Kozlov ,&nbsp;Maxim V. Penzik ,&nbsp;Yuming Zhang ,&nbsp;Shu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the optimization of Fe-loaded catalysts made from Al₂O₃ and char derived from wheat straw (WS) biomass, aimed at enhancing the yield of aromatic compounds and hydrogen (H₂) during dual-stage pyrolysis-volatile reforming. The findings indicate that a Fe loading of 15 wt% notably improves aromatic production and H₂ yields; specifically, the Fe/Char composite achieves an aromatic yield of 86.8 % and an H₂ output of 81.39 mL/g, compared to yields of 79.8 % and 36.37 mL/g for the Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst at an optimal reforming temperature of 750°C. Without catalysts at 450°C, the yields of aromatic compounds and H₂ are 65.9 % and 1.81 mL/g, respectively. These results underscore the synergistic effects of elevated temperatures and the catalytic efficiency of Fe/Char in significantly enhancing aromatic and H₂ yields. Furthermore, biochar produced at the optimal temperature exhibits a yield of 67.8 %, demonstrating its potential as an effective support material for the Fe/Char composite and emphasizing the process's efficiency and economic sustainability for full product utilization. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirm the superior catalytic properties and structural advantages of biochar over Al₂O₃. This research emphasizes the critical role of catalyst design in the sustainable production of high-value biofuels from agricultural wastes, proposing a viable pathway for the advancement of efficient thermochemical biorefineries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107539"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight on oxygen-carrying and catalyst performance of sludge ash during Fe-rich sludge gasification","authors":"Cuiping Wang ,&nbsp;Sheng Yao ,&nbsp;Yusheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Yuan ,&nbsp;Wanxia Hu ,&nbsp;Jiye Li ,&nbsp;Xin Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyferric coagulants are employed in municipal wastewater treatment, resulting in sludges with higher iron concentrations. In this study, iron-rich sludge ash was utilized as an oxygen carrier to systematically explore its catalytic performance in sludge gasification. The oxygen carrying performance of sludge ash was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and multi-cycle testing in fixed bed, the oxygen release characteristics, oxygen carrying capacity and cycling stability of sludge ash were analyzed. TG analysis showed that sludge ash had peak oxygen release capacity at 775– 850 °C, with the highest oxygen release of 15.9 % in H₂ and 5.6 % in CO initially, the oxygen-carrying capacity under syngas fell between the two values during subsequent redox cycles, and the sludge was gasified in a chemical looping gasification (CLG) way. The oxygen-carbon (O/C) ratio, significantly affected syngas quality at the beginning of the redox cycle in sludge CLG. When the initial O/C ratio was 1:10, the oxygen carrier performance of sludge ash was optimal, and the hydrogen yield was reaching 63.1 %, and syngas calorific value of 15.4 MJ/Nm³ . With the increasing cycles, there was a decrease in syngas quality due to the reduction in sludge ash 's oxygen carrier performance, the sintering and pore structure degradation occurred. The optimal redox cycles with O/C ratio of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 were determined to be 3, 4, and 5 cycles, respectively. This study provides a theoretical foundation for sludge resource utilization and confirms the feasibility of sludge ash as a low-cost iron-based oxygen carrier in CLG technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107490"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative torrefaction-modulated preparation of biochar supported Ni catalysts for catalytic cracking of bio-oil heavy fractions","authors":"Zhiyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Feihao Shen,&nbsp;Xingwang Xi,&nbsp;Shuping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing global warming and fossil fuel scarcity necessitates the valorization of biomass waste. This study developed a high-performance biochar supported Ni catalyst derived from nut shells via oxidative torrefaction pretreatment coupled with carbothermal reduction, targeting the low-temperature catalytic cracking of bio-oil heavy fractions. Results show that the oxidative torrefaction process significantly increased the phenols content in bio-oil produced by subsequent carbothermal reduction, while simultaneously reducing the content of furans. Simultaneously, the oxidative cross-linking degree of the carbon-based catalyst precursor was enhanced by oxidative torrefaction, the carbon skeleton structure was effectively regulated, and the catalyst's specific surface area was increased by 15 % (516 m²/g). Critically, oxidative torrefaction pretreatment markedly reduced the size of active Ni⁰ particles (from 30.27 nm to 19.75 nm), improved their dispersion, strengthened metal-support interaction, and increased the number of surface-active sites and oxygen-containing functional groups. Benefiting from these structural advantages, the optimized catalyst demonstrated outstanding performance in low-temperature (550 ℃) catalytic cracking of bio-oil heavy fraction, achieving a high conversion ratio of 77.83 % for bio-oil heavy fraction. Meanwhile, cyclic stability tests on the same catalyst Ni@C-250–20 % showed its catalytic efficiency gradually decreased with increasing number of cycles, yet remained at 69.32 % after five cycles. This work validates oxidative torrefaction as an effective strategy, offering a novel approach for designing low-cost, sustainable biochar supported metal catalysts for efficient low-temperature catalytic cracking of bio-oil heavy fraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107496"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose of feedstock and pyrolytic temperature on the composition and properties of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter","authors":"Manrong Yu ,&nbsp;Yining Gao ,&nbsp;Ruiyi Wang ,&nbsp;Weijia Wu ,&nbsp;Jiao Qiu ,&nbsp;Yuping Huang ,&nbsp;Jingzi Beiyuan ,&nbsp;Hu Cheng ,&nbsp;Yan-ping Zhao ,&nbsp;Zihang Cheng ,&nbsp;Hailong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar has been widely applied across diverse fields, and its derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) is attracting growing research interest, particularly concerning the environmental fate and transport of various contaminants. However, systematic studies on BDOM produced from feedstocks with varying lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents under different pyrolysis temperatures are still limited. Differences in the pyrolysis behaviors of these components may lead to significant variations in the BDOM properties, thereby influencing its environmental behaviors and application. To address this knowledge gap, six types of agricultural waste—walnut shell (WAS), corn cob (CC), peanut shell (PS), rice husk (RH), wheat husk (WHS), and corn stalk (CS) with distinct lignocellulosic components—were selected as raw materials to produce biochars at 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C. BDOM was extracted and comprehensively characterized. The results indicate that in addition to pyrolysis temperature, lignocellulosic components also significantly affect the quantity, aromaticity, and composition of BDOM, particularly in biochars produced at lower temperature (≤400°C). A higher cellulose content promoted the release of more BDOM in biochars pyrolyzed at 400°C, as confirmed by the detection of fulvic-like and humic-like substances through fluorescence spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis. Additionally, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy highlighted oxygen-containing functional groups as the most temperature-sensitive structural features. This study not only provides systematic evidence of the importance of lignocellulosic components on the properties and composition of BDOM, but also offers new insights into the potential applications of biochar in environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107572"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steam reforming mechanism of acetic acid for hydrogen production over the Ni/biochar catalyst: The effect of steam","authors":"Han-xian Meng ,&nbsp;Ji Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi Zhou ,&nbsp;Wen-tao Li ,&nbsp;Bin Hu ,&nbsp;Zhen-xi Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The catalytic steam reforming of biomass pyrolysis vapors on Ni-doped biochar (Ni/biochar) is an attractive approach to produce hydrogen. However, pyrolysis vapors consist of complex components, and their reforming mechanism remains comprehensively unclear. In this work, the steam reforming mechanism of pyrolysis vapors over Ni/biochar with acetic acid as the model compound was studied by density functional theory (DFT), wave function analysis, and transition state theory (TST) methods. Particularly, the role of steam in this process was primarily discussed. Acetic acid tends to interact with Ni/biochar by its dissociative O<img>H adsorption at the active carbon position. The decomposition of acetic acid for forming carbon oxides and hydrogen is initiated by its C<img>C and C<img>H homolysis. The activation energy for C<img>C homolysis increases with adding steam adjacent to reactive sites, while its addition promotes the C<img>H homolysis (reducing from 203 kJ/mol to 151.5 kJ/mol) at the set temperatures, enhancing the competitiveness of hydrogen formation. The reactions of steam with acetic acid and its decomposed intermediates primarily result in the formation of methane, followed by carbon monoxide and methanol. These results can provide theoretical insights for the improvement and optimization of the pyrolysis and reforming technology of biomass to produce hydrogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107586"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative torrefaction of large biomass particle in a fixed-bed reactor","authors":"Na Liu ,&nbsp;Tianyu Lu ,&nbsp;Yajing He ,&nbsp;Qingfa Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Liu ,&nbsp;Zhong Ma ,&nbsp;Shihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiping Yang ,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative torrefaction of large paulownia wood particle (12 ×12 ×12 mm) was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor, and the effects of oxygen concentration (0–21 vol%) and torrefaction temperature (200–290 °C) on the torrefaction process and product properties were investigated. The results showed that oxygen concentration was a dominant factor regulating the torrefaction process: as oxygen concentration increased from 0 to 21 vol% at 260 °C, the torrefied wood yield decreased from 80.32 wt% to 55.54 wt%, while the yields of torrefied gas and liquid increased significantly. Torrefied gas was dominated by CO₂ and CO, with low oxygen concentrations (≤10 vol%) favoring CO formation and high concentrations (≥15 vol%) promoting CO₂ generation. The synergy of higher temperature and oxygen further enhanced biomass thermal decomposition. A 5–15 vol% oxygen concentration was identified as optimal, yielding torrefied wood with elevated carbon content (up to 66.95 wt%), higher heating value (up to 26.91 MJ/kg), reduced H/C (0.73) and O/C (0.32) ratios, and enhanced aromaticity. Excessive oxygen (21 vol%) caused over-oxidation particularly at higher temperatures, resulting in a low energy yield of 55.59 %. This study clarifies the regulatory mechanisms of oxidative torrefaction for large biomass particle and provides critical data for its industrialization, suggesting that flue gas can be used as a cost-effective atmosphere and that matching temperature, residence time, and oxygen concentration is key to avoiding over-oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107592"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental impact and water footprint of biofuel production from microalgae biomass based on life cycle assessment","authors":"Shannan Xu ,&nbsp;Feng Tan ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Wanming Lu ,&nbsp;Chuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Mao Mu ,&nbsp;Shuang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algae is a promising raw material for producing biofuels, which has sparked a lot of interest in the utilization process. Taking three pyrolytic utilization processes into consideration, this paper conducted three pyrolytic experiments of Chlorella (CV) to accurately evaluate the environmental impact and water resource consumption. The pyrolysis catalyzed by ZSM catalyst exhibited the smallest global warming potential (GWP: 25711.158 kg CO₂ eq/t biofuel) and water resource consumption (WCP: 1716.010 m³/t biofuel). All the three processes integrated with hydrogenation process, which requires hydrogen. However, hydrogen production from pyrolytic gas has the greatest portion GWP at the three processes. Instead, if the hydrogen was meted by green hydrogen from renewable electricity, GWP and WCP can be reduced by up to 16 % and 4 %, respectively. In order to comprehensively evaluate the impact on the environment and water consumption, a reasonable plan for preparing biofuels in provinces with high algae yields was calculated and evaluated. Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hubei are selected as the oil producing provinces in each region in the article. The whole life cycle assessment results of this paper can be used as a reference for the subsequent algal oil production program in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107535"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}