Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Effects of biomass components and pyrolysis temperature on the adsorption properties of biochar for heavy metals：A review","authors":"Hai Lin ,&nbsp;Yifan Huang ,&nbsp;Qi Jin ,&nbsp;Tonglin Ma ,&nbsp;Yingbo Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial activities have led to the increasing pollution of heavy metals in water bodies, which threatens human health. As an economical and effective heavy metal adsorbent, the performance of biochar is significantly affected by the composition of raw materials and pyrolysis conditions. This paper systematically analyzes the pyrolysis characteristics of biomass components (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) in agricultural and forestry wastes (straw, woody and manure), along with their mechanistic effects on the physicochemical properties of biochar. The removal mechanisms of heavy metals by biochar produced under varying pyrolysis parameters are also discussed. The analysis showed that lignocellulose composition and pyrolysis temperature synergistically controlled the adsorption mechanism. These findings provide insights into tailoring biochar production to target specific heavy metal contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107321"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal carbonization of shrimp shell with glucose remarkably impacts pore development in activation","authors":"Zahra Essa Khan ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Fan ,&nbsp;Yuchen Jiang ,&nbsp;Shu Zhang ,&nbsp;Murtaza Khan ,&nbsp;Qurshia Choudhry ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rashid ,&nbsp;Zanib Anwar ,&nbsp;Sobia Kousar ,&nbsp;Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, hydrothermal carbonization treatment of shrimp shells or together with glucose at 200 ºC plus subsequent activation with K₂C₂O₄ at 800 ºC was conducted, aiming to understand the retainment of organics and development of pore structures of resulting activated carbon. The results indicated that the organics in shrimp shells were highly unstable and the activation formed activated carbon with a mass yield of 5.6 %. Hydrothermal carbonization resulted in the leaching of some organics but promoted the aromatization of others, which in overall enhanced the resistivity of remaining organics towards cracking in activation, increasing the yield of activated carbon to 10.3 %. However, the leaching of a significant portion of aliphatic organics also decreased the specific surface area to 1128.1 m²/g (1593.2 m²/g from direct activation of shrimp shells. The co-hydrothermal carbonization of shrimp shells with glucose further increased activated carbon yield and enhanced the specific surface area of the activated carbon (1326.6 m²/g), due to additional aliphatic organics formed. Additionally, direct activation of shrimp shells formed activated carbon with dominant micropores (89.6 %), while hydrothermal carbonization of shrimp shells plus activation formed mainly mesopores (71.7 %). The presence of glucose in co-hydrothermal carbonization not only rendered micropores to dominate (80.3 %) but also retained appreciable amount of mesopores, forming activated carbon of superior capacity for the adsorption of methylene blue. Leaching of organics via the hydrothermal carbonization, promoted the formation of mesopores/macropores while suppressed the generation of micropores. Additionally, hydrothermal carbonization treatment resulted in wrapping of SiO₂ with organics, deterring further removal of SiO₂ via solid phase reactions with K₂C₂O₄.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107322"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate plastic and Amberlyst-15 towards monoaromatic hydrocarbons production","authors":"Huiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Chengyu Li ,&nbsp;Rui Shan ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoran Yuan ,&nbsp;Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The co-pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Amberlyst-15 (A15) was systematically investigated to enhance monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) production. Sulfonic acid groups (–SO₃H) in A15 were identified as the critical active sites for the synergistic interactions between PET and A15, as confirmed by Py-GC/MS and TG-MS analysis. The incorporation of Brønsted acid sites lowered the depolymerization temperature of PET from 430 °C to 350 °C and demonstrated effective for the decarboxylation/hydrodeoxygenation of PET monomers. Fast co-pyrolysis (10⁴°C/s) of PET and A15 (1:1) at 850 °C for 20 s resulted in a MAHs yield of 14.9 wt% and a selectivity of 55.2 %. Kinetic analysis further revealed that the average activation energy (<em>Eα</em>) decreased by 42.2 % (65.8 kJ/mol) compared to theoretical predictions (156.0 kJ/mol), with the lowest energy barriers observed during the early- and medium-stage reaction progress. Notably, the inherent hydrogen deficiency of PET constrained the intermolecular hydrogen transfer, making environmental hydrogen availability a key for regulating acid-mediated monomer conversion pathways. This work demonstrates a sustainable strategy for valorizing waste PET and A15 into high-value aromatics while elucidating mechanistic insights into acid-mediated co-pyrolysis for plastic upcycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107319"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of four preparation methods and electrochemical properties of walnut shell-based activated carbon","authors":"Wenjing He ,&nbsp;Zhengjie Ni ,&nbsp;Muxin Liu ,&nbsp;Minjie Cui ,&nbsp;Ling Shi ,&nbsp;Yibo Zhao ,&nbsp;Lanjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhirui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes four biomass-based activated carbon (AC) preparation methods to evaluate the effects of preparation processes (one/two-step process), heating rate, and carbonization temperature on the product yield, as well as on the structural properties and electrochemical performance of AC. The results reveal that the one-step process, a high heating rate, and an appropriate carbonization temperature help to produce AC with a large specific surface area (SSA) and good electrochemical performance. However, these conditions may result in a partial loss of AC yield. Among the four preparation methods, the one-step process (M1) — fast pyrolysis at 650 °C with in-situ activation at 700 °C for 2 h — achieved AC with an SSA of 744.8 m² g⁻¹, the highest specific capacitance of 265.62 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹, and a capacitance retention rate of 93.41 % after 5000 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹. The first comparison of the economics of different methods was conducted, and the results further revealed that M1 is the optimal process due to its lowest consumption of time, energy, and raw materials, along with the minimum comprehensive cost index, when preparing electrode materials with equivalent capacitance. This method provides a novel and efficient strategy for advancing biomass processing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of torrefaction of palm frond on methane yield through anaerobic co-digestion with palm oil mill effluent","authors":"Daniela Paz Manriquez Milicevic ,&nbsp;Yi Jing Chan ,&nbsp;Suan Shi ,&nbsp;Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palm frond (PF) is an abundant biomass from oil palm plantations, which can be effectively utilized as a co-feedstock for the anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME). In this study torrefaction (mild pyrolysis) was utilized as a pre-treatment for palm frond (PF) biomass before its co-digestion with POME. This investigation seeks to unlock the untapped potential of these waste streams, particularly focusing on the enhancement of methane yield and biogas generation. The study encompasses a range of torrefaction temperatures spanning from 240 °C to 350 °C, each applied at a residence time of 30 min. The raw and torrefied PF underwent 28-day anaerobic digestion process under mesophilic conditions, maintained at 37 °C. As torrefaction temperature increased, the mass yield decreased from 80 to 50 wt%. Moreover, FTIR analysis demonstrated a notable reduction in major peaks representing hydroxy, carbonyl, and ether functional groups as torrefaction temperature increased, which confirmed the chemical composition changes in biomass. The findings of this study revealed a methane yield of 1.36 L CH₄ / g VS, which represented a remarkable 209 % increase in methane production compared to the digestion of raw PF with POME. The high removal efficiencies for POME characteristics were noticed after co-digestion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107316"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable production of high-quality biocoke by bio-oil and 2, 5-furandimethanol from biomass residues depolymerization: A novel solution toward carbon neutrality in steel industry","authors":"Hongtao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhibao Huo ,&nbsp;Qiang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coke consumption in the steel industry leads to approximately 10–13 % of global carbon dioxide emissions. While carbon-neutral biochar is a material analogous to coke, the weak mechanical properties of biochar limit it as a desirable substitute for metallurgical coke in the steel industry. Herein, a sustainable pyrolysis-polymerization strategy for converting the Cinnamomum camphora residues into densified high-strength biocoke is developed. 2, 5-furandimethanol (BHMF) derived from Cinnamomum camphora residues pyrolysis promotes the cross-polymerization between biochar and bio-oil for constructing biocoke with cross-link structures. The prepared biocoke exhibits excellent compressive strength (4.7 MPa), coke reactivity index (34.1 %), coke strength after reaction (56.2 %), mechanical durability (89.28 %), and higher heating value (33.79 MJ/kg), rivaling second-grade metallurgical coke. A negative carbon emission calculation demonstrates that a 20 % substitution of biocoke for 1 t of iron production can reduce CO₂ emissions by 273.96 kg, which is equivalent to reducing 33.7 kg of metallurgical coke employment. This work offers an eco-friendly method to produce biocoke with excellent mechanical properties and provides insights into its potential as a sustainable alternative of metallurgical coke for low-carbon production of steel industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading of ultra-viscous oil using iron based catalyst under microwave radiation","authors":"Irek I. Mukhamatdinov ,&nbsp;Eugeney V. Arkhipov ,&nbsp;Damir I. Gimadeev ,&nbsp;Rezeda E. Mukhamatdinova ,&nbsp;Boudkhil Affane ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thanh Hung ,&nbsp;Rail I. Kadyrov ,&nbsp;Aydar R. Nasybullin ,&nbsp;Timur M. Ishkaev ,&nbsp;Rustam R. Davletshin ,&nbsp;Alexey V. Vakhin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-containing catalyst particles formed within the reservoir exhibit the capability to absorb microwave (MW) radiation, thereby enhancing the efficiency of MW field impact on the conversion intensity of heavy oils. The exposure of the Ashalcha oil samples to the microwave field was conducted for varying durations, ranging from 5 to 30 min. A catalyst precursor, iron tallate, was synthesized and loaded with 0.2 % metal and 2 % oil. The products of catalytic MW-radiation were analyzed by viscosimetry, SARA, GC-MS, molecular mass determination, FTIR-spectroscopy. Through experiments conducted with varying exposure durations, it was observed that a 30-minute MW radiation led to a noteworthy 50 % reduction in oil viscosity compared to its initial state. A decrease in the molecular weight of Ashalcha field oil by approximately 35 % was identified when using the catalyst precursor at the magnetic field maximum, compared to the original oil. Moreover, the addition of the catalyst facilitated a more uniform and rapid heating of oil samples during microwave thermolysis. As a result, this combined approach triggered the emergence of n-C10, C11, and C12 hydrocarbons within the saturated fraction, alongside alkylbenzenes C10–C13 and alkyltetralins C11–C13 within the aromatic fraction. It was also shown that, following microwave exposure of oil-saturated rock from the Ashalcha field in the presence of the catalyst, the specific surface area increased from 96.26 mm²/mm³ to 100.62 mm²/mm³ after treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107318"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of different reservoir minerals on in-situ hydrothermal upgrading of heavy oil in simulated stratigraphic environment","authors":"Jingjing Li,&nbsp;Chenglong Cao,&nbsp;Zhi Yang,&nbsp;Guizhong Deng,&nbsp;Dayong Qing,&nbsp;Xiaodong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-situ hydrothermal upgrading of heavy oil using nanocatalysts in reservoirs represents a promising future technology for enhanced oil recovery. However, the influence of reservoir minerals on upgrading products remains unclear. This study employed a physical simulation apparatus to investigate the effects of three layered silicate clay minerals (clay, montmorillonite, illite) on hydrothermal upgrading under reservoir conditions with permeability of 2000 (±100) mD, porosity of 25 %, reaction temperature of 240°C, 0.1 wt% nano-Fe₂O₃ catalyst, oil-water ratio of 1:1, and 24-hour duration. Experimental results demonstrate that layered silicate minerals synergistically enhanced the catalytic performance of nano-Fe₂O₃ for heavy oil upgrading. Clay exhibited the most significant upgrading effect, achieving 10.31 % reduction in heavy components with 3.92 % decrease in asphaltene content, followed by montmorillonite (9.69 %) and illite (9.28 %). Mechanistic analysis reveals that clay minerals functioned as effective supports for Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, preventing aggregation and maintaining catalytic stability. Furthermore, interlayer-adsorbed water molecules decomposed under high temperature to generate active hydrogen species (H⁺), while iron oxide facilitated hydrogen release through Fe²⁺/Fe³ ⁺ redox cycling. These synergistic effects collectively promoted hydrocracking of heavy oil macromolecules and heteroatom (S, N, O) removal. This study elucidates the critical role of layered silicate minerals in nanocatalyst-assisted in-situ heavy oil upgrading, providing theoretical support for improving oil quality and recovery efficiency through mineral-catalyst synergies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107314"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of spinning performance based on the evolution of spinnable pitch components","authors":"Qian Li ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Pingping Zuo ,&nbsp;Shijie Qu ,&nbsp;Wenzhong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinnable pitch prepared by air-blowing thermal polycondensation is rich in free radicals and various intermolecular interactions, making it unstable and prone to change during storage. Spinnable pitch was separated into tetrahydrofuran soluble (THFS) and tetrahydrofuran insoluble (THFI) fractions. THFS fraction contained a high heteroatoms content, the content decreased and the average molecular weight increased with storage time. THFI fraction exhibited a high free radical concentration, with increasing oxygen and sulfur content. Both THFS and THFI fractions generated oxygen-containing functional groups such as sulfoxide, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Spinnable pitch underwent oxidation, crosslinking, polymerization and other reactions during storage due to heteroatoms and free radicals, the average molecular weight increased. Consequently, the softening point, viscosity, and flow activation energy of the spinnable pitch increased, more non-melting particles, while phase angle decreased, indicating that a transition from viscous to elastic components, easy to brittle. Eventually, spinning stability and continuity of spinnable pitch reduced, resultant carbon fiber defects increased, and performance decreased. This study provides insights into improving the stability of spinnable pitch and optimizing carbon fiber performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107310"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ca-catalysis mechanisms from coal pyrolysis to high energy density fuel precursors: Multiscale insights via ReaxFF MD and experiment","authors":"Bopan Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Wei ,&nbsp;Yanan Li ,&nbsp;Tianhua Yang ,&nbsp;Yanlong Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of coal-based high-energy-density (HED) aviation fuels is critical for advancing diversified energy strategies in the aviation industry. A core scientific challenge lies in the directional regulation of naphthalene (a key HED precursor) generation during coal pyrolysis. This study integrates experimental methods with Reactive Force Field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulations, revealing for the first time the detailed reaction pathway of naphthalene formation and the calcium catalytic enhancement mechanism. By tracking carbon skeleton evolution, we construct a quantitative reaction network for naphthalene generation and identified eight distinct pathways, including a previously unreported route involving the cleavage–recombination of monocyclic aromatic C₁₃H₁₈. Experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of calcium significantly accelerates the macromolecular cracking rate, with an increase of up to 75 %; by catalyzing new pathways and promoting naphthol dehydroxylation, the yield of naphthalene derivatives is effectively increased by 56 % under experimental conditions. This study offers critical theoretical guidance and technical support for optimizing coal-based HED fuel precursor production and designing efficient calcium-based catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}