Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Research on pyrolysis characteristics and product regulation mechanisms of biomass thermal dissolution residues","authors":"Yao Gao ,&nbsp;Simin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuqi Fu ,&nbsp;Zhongdong Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Jichang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the carbonization behavior of biomass TD residues (PsR, CbR, EpR) and their pyrolysis product distribution. Fixed-bed experiments were conducted to examine the effects of temperature (400–600°C) and heating rate (5–25 °C/min) on biochar properties, product yields, and gas/bio-oil composition. Results show that the residues' low-oxygen, high-carbon nature favors high-quality biochar production. Higher temperatures increased gas yield but reduced biochar formation, while faster heating rates enhanced bio-oil and gas generation via intensified depolymerization. Bio-oil mainly contained aromatics and phenols, with their contents rising at elevated temperatures and heating rates. At 600°C and 10 °C/min, pyrolysis gas contained over 60 % combustible components (CO, CH₄, H₂). Biochar exhibits excellent fuel performance, with PsR_biochar and CbR_biochar displaying a hierarchical pore structure, while EpR_biochar has its pores blocked due to ash melting. Mesoporous PsR_biochar was obtained at 500°C and at 10 °C/min, while higher temperatures and heating rates improved adsorption capacity. This work provides insights into optimizing pyrolysis conditions for high-value utilization of biomass refining residues, supporting a clean production process and resource recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107416"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercritical pyrolysis of a jet propulsion JP-7-type fuel with chemical initiators: Heat sink, product, and coke analysis","authors":"Min Chang Shin ,&nbsp;Edoardo Magnone ,&nbsp;Byung Hun Jeong ,&nbsp;Jung Hoon Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving cooling performance while mitigating coke formation remains a critical challenge in the development of thermal management and propulsion systems for supersonic aerospace vehicles. This study looked at the supercritical pyrolysis characteristics of a JP-7-type jet fuel using different chemical initiators. The five different initiators we tested were di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO), triethylamine (TEA), diphenyl selenide (DPS), n-cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), and we pyrolyzed the JP-7-type fuel under inert, supercritical conditions at a temperature of 665°C and a pressure of 40 bar. This study evaluated the effect of the chemical initiators on heat sink performance, the primary distribution of cracking products, and coke formation. The oxygen-based DTBP initiator (H/C ratio=2.25) exhibited the highest heat sink capacity (1432 Btu/lb, 3331 kJ/kg) but generated substantial coke deposits (40 mg), while a selenium-based type like DPS (H/C ratio=0.83) effectively suppressed coke formation (14 mg) at the expense of heat sink potential (1293 Btu/lb, 3007 kJ/kg). A correlation was identified between total heat sink, initiator H/C ratio, and coke formation behavior during supercritical pyrolysis. These results offer new insights into the connection between chemical initiator structure, radical production ways, and thermal cracking behavior under extreme conditions at high temperature and in an inert atmosphere. The obtained results, in turn, have consequences for the optimization of endothermic cooling and coke management strategies in advanced air-breathing propulsion systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107412"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of the Heavy Fuel Oil modification process for Medium-Low temperature coal tar pitch aromatic depolymerization-recombination and design of the derived carbon microcrystalline structure","authors":"Shuaichao Song ,&nbsp;Yuan Lv ,&nbsp;Junxia Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiliang Wen ,&nbsp;Wei Guan ,&nbsp;Yaming Zhu ,&nbsp;Xuefei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research addresses the challenge of heterogeneous mosaic carbon structures encountered when directly thermally converting Medium-Low temperature coal tar pitch (MLP) to prepare high-performance carbon materials, by introducing Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) as a molecular-level modification medium. Directed design of derived carbon microcrystalline structures is achieved by regulating the HFO blending ratio to induce selective depolymerization and reorganization of MLP's aromatic system during low-temperature copolymerization. Studies revealed that HFO, characterized by hydrogen-rich alkyl branches, is capable of efficiently extracting oxygen elements from MLP in low-temperature copolymerization and can guide the polymerization of substituent sites beyond the aromatic rings in the pitch, resulting in the formation of broader sheet-like molecular formations. As a result, there's a notable rise in the toluene-insoluble (TI) levels in the altered pitch to 7.39 %, accompanied by an average molecular weight of 1684 Da, an aromaticity index of 0.394, a branching index of 0.661, and an aromatic degree of 0.89. The altered pitch during thermal conversion-calcination, due to the creation of a uniform miscible/melt state and structural and compositional shifts, stabilizes pitch free radicals through hydrogen supply, leading to a combined effect of “depolymerization-stabilization”. The liquid-phase carbonization setting is significantly enhanced, leading to even breakdown and lamellar reorganization of the pitch. The derived pitch's optical microstructure has evolved from its initial mosaic form to a structured lamellar/fibrous form, concurrently diminishing carbon structural flaws. The derived carbon material's structural organization is greatly improved, achieving an ideal graphite microcrystal concentration of 72.90 %. The research accomplished precise alterations to the optical microstructure of pitch derived from MLP, paving the way for a novel technical route in MLP's high-value use and providing both theoretical groundwork and actionable advice for the regulated creation of high-efficiency carbon materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107414"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic CO2-K2C2O4 activation of furfural residue toward high-adsorption activated carbon for phenol removal","authors":"Xianwei Cai,&nbsp;Weidong Ren,&nbsp;Chang Li,&nbsp;Qingyin Li,&nbsp;Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activation approach plays a critical role in determining the structural properties of activated carbon (AC). In this study, porous activated carbon was prepared from furfural residue through a combined physical-chemical activation using CO₂ and potassium oxalate as co-activators. The results revealed that CO₂ and K₂C₂O₄ had a synergistic effect that enhanced the activation efficiency. Compared to single activation, the co-activation markedly increased the specific surface area (1380 m²/g) of the resulting AC, although this came at the cost of a reduced solid yield. In addition, the co-activation process boosted the elimination of hydrogen and oxygen from the carbon material, thus impacting the surface functionality. The co-activated sample K₂C₂O₄-CO₂-800 exhibited superior adsorption performance for phenol, achieving a maximum removal rate of 95 %, owing to its well-developed porous structure. Furthermore, it demonstrated good reusability, maintain a 74 % removal rate after five cycles. These findings proposed that physical-chemical co-activation is an effective strategy for tuning the porous structure and improving the adsorption performance of activated carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107408"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the performance and structure of low graphitized biochar prepared by silica template method for adsorbing odorous gases","authors":"Ruiying Wang ,&nbsp;Fen Li ,&nbsp;Hong Yan ,&nbsp;Oxana P. Taran ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Dongdong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the removal of sulfur-containing malodorous gases from air via biochar adsorption demonstrates significant application potential. In this study, silicon-modified graphitized carbon was synthesized through pyrolysis using peanut shells, rice husks, and walnut shells as precursors. Among the resulting materials, rice husk-derived biochar (DK-700–5) and walnut shell-derived biochar (HT-800–10) exhibited pronounced targeted adsorption toward CH₃SH and H₂S, respectively. The sulfur adsorption capacity of DK-700–5 was 8.3 times higher than that of unmodified rice husk biochar, while HT-800–10 achieved a 2.45-fold enhancement in H₂S adsorption compared to its unmodified counterpart. Carboxyl and oxygen vacancies on DK-700–5 were identified as critical for CH₃SH adsorption, facilitating its immobilization and gradual oxidation to sulfate (SO₄²⁻), with intermediate sulfur species such as R–SO–R, S⁰, and C–S detected. In parallel, HT-800–10 adsorbed and oxidized H₂S through its porous structure and surface superoxide radicals, converting it into elemental sulfur (S⁰) and sulfate (SO₄²⁻), thereby achieving efficient adsorption and oxidative transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107411"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential origins of pyrolysis tar yield and hydrocarbon generation characteristics in the Yan’an Formation coals, Ordos Basin, China","authors":"Ruihui Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuan Bao ,&nbsp;Jiajun Li ,&nbsp;Nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiao Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tar yield plays a crucial role in determining the development and utilization direction of coal, while hydrocarbon generation kinetics are key factors influencing the <em>in-situ</em> pyrolysis potential and temperature conditions of tar-rich coal. However, the varying origins of tar yield and hydrocarbon generation characteristics across different coal samples remain unclear. This study investigated the differences in hydrocarbon generation characteristics and geochemical properties between tar-rich coal and tar-containing coal from the Yan’an Formation of the Huanglong Jurassic coalfield in the Ordos Basin, elucidating the effects of organic macerals, parent material composition, sedimentary environment, and inorganic components on tar yield and hydrocarbon generation characteristics. The findings indicate that the hydrocarbon generation process of tar-rich coal is characterized by a low hydrocarbon generation threshold and a short conversion cycle. Conversely, the hydrocarbon generation process of tar-containing coal has the characteristics of a relatively high hydrocarbon generation threshold and an extended conversion cycle. The parent material composition of tar-rich coal contains a higher proportion of aquatic organisms and prokaryotic bacteria, as well as angiosperms and <em>Cupressaceae</em> and <em>Taxodiaceae</em> plants, compared to tar-containing coal. Moreover, the tar-rich coal is deposited in a more reducing environment and exhibits lower moisture and ash contents, along with reduced concentrations of radioactive elements, relative to tar-containing coal. The tar yield of the Yan’an Formation coal is positively correlated with the content of vitrinite and liptinite in organic macerals, the proportion of aquatic organisms and prokaryotic bacteria in the parent material composition, the proportion of angiosperms and the <em>Cupressaceae</em> and <em>Taxodiaceae</em> plants among terrestrial higher plants, as well as the reducibility of the sedimentary environment. Conversely, tar yield diminishes with increased moisture and ash contents, as well as higher concentrations of radioactive elements. Additionally, the activation energy value and dispersion of the Yan’an Formation coal decrease with changes in the aforementioned parameters of organic macerals and parent material composition, while they increase with variations in the aforementioned parameters related to inorganic components. The research results offer valuable insights for predicting and facilitating the <em>in-situ</em> pyrolysis conversion of tar-rich coal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107409"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolytic upcycling of plastic waste into graphene and carbon nanostructures","authors":"Muhammad Faizan ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Jallow ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating accumulation of plastic waste poses a significant environmental challenge, while the high cost of graphene production limits its widespread application. Addressing both issues, this study presents a sustainable and efficient approach to upcycle plastic waste into graphene-like carbon nanostructures with tailored morphology. A two-stage catalytic pyrolysis process was employed to convert common plastic wastes— high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate—into graphitic nanomaterials and hydrogen-rich gases. To enhance efficiency, bimetallic catalysts (Fe–Ni, Co–Fe, Co–Ni) supported on MgO were synthesized using impregnation and coprecipitation methods. Among these, Fe–Ni–Mg prepared via coprecipitation exhibited the highest catalytic activity, yielding carbon nanomaterials and hydrogen. Polystyrene waste produced the highest yield of graphene-like multiwalled carbon nanotubes, while polyethylene terephthalate was less effective due to its oxygen-rich composition. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the formation of layered and tubular graphene-like carbon with high surface area. The resulting materials demonstrated excellent adsorption capacities for heavy metal ions, highlighting their potential in wastewater treatment. This study offers a scalable, low-cost solution for plastic waste valorization and graphene synthesis, contributing to environmental remediation and the development of affordable graphene alternatives for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107407"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on photothermal catalytic conversion of waste plastics","authors":"Yilun Shui ,&nbsp;Huiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Shan ,&nbsp;Chengyu Li ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoran Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photothermal catalysis, as an efficient recycling technology for waste plastics, can convert waste plastics into high value-added chemicals, which is an important way to achieve sustainable recycling of plastics. Both traditional catalytic pyrolysis and photocatalytic technologies have inherent defects, while photothermal catalysis technology effectively makes up for the shortcomings of a single technology by synergistic light-heat integration, thus elevating plastic conversion efficiency and selectivity. In this paper, we systematically introduce the latest progress in the photothermal catalytic conversion of waste plastics on various catalysts (semiconductors, metal nanoions, carbon materials and composite catalysts) to prepare chemicals, focusing on the effects of different catalysts and reaction devices on the photothermal catalytic process and product distribution. In addition, the reaction mechanisms involved in photothermal catalysis such as non-radiative relaxation in semiconductors, thermal vibration of molecules, and local heating of plasma are systematically discussed. Based on the current research progress, this paper further points out the key scientific problems and technical challenges faced by this technology in the application of plastic recycling, and provides an important reference for the development of efficient recycling technology of waste plastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107406"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing unintended carbonation in hardened cement paste powder during thermogravimetric analysis","authors":"Dayoung Oh,&nbsp;Ryoma Kitagaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unintended carbonation of hardened cement paste (HCP) powder samples during thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) can compromise the accuracy of carbonation-related studies in cement-based materials. To prevent the CO₂ absorption of HCP samples during prolonged standby on the auto-sampler of the TGA device, this study proposes and evaluates five countermeasures: no treatment, platinum cover, alpha-alumina powder coverage, styrene monomer injection, and 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone injection. Among these, 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone effectively inhibited carbonation, maintaining the stable amount of Ca(OH)₂ and CaCO₃ in samples over ten hours. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone was physically adsorbed in HCP pores without forming chemical bonds, while proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) relaxometry revealed a correlation between micropore volume and physical adsorption. Additionally, nitrogen sorption results confirmed that the pore structure of HCP remained unchanged by the 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone. Despite minor challenges in quantifying bound water, this method enhances the reliability of TGA-based carbonation-related studies by eliminating background carbonation effects. These findings provide a practical solution for accurate CO₂ absorption assessments in cementitious materials, contributing to sustainable carbon capture and storage strategies in the construction industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107405"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal liquefaction of polyethylene terephthalate plastic and co-liquefaction with palm empty fruit bunch","authors":"Rui Hong Teoh ,&nbsp;Suyin Gan ,&nbsp;Hoon Kiat Ng ,&nbsp;Lai Yee Lee ,&nbsp;Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) at subcritical conditions produces biocrude oil and hydrochar with low emissions of CO₂. HTL of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste under the subcritical region provided hydrochar as the major product. Pyrolysis kinetics were conducted on PET hydrochar, which exhibited a lower pyrolysis activation energy than raw PET. The addition of 7 vol% H₂O₂ as an oxidant in hydrothermal media resulted in hydrochar having the lowest activation energy. In another strategy, palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), an abundant biomass waste from the palm oil industry, was mixed with PET to produce value-added chemicals through HTL. In this work, hydrothermal liquefaction of PET and EFB was investigated at different PET ratios, in the presence of H₂O₂ and in the presence of an ethanol-water mixture, with a reaction time of 30 min and an initial pressure of 10 bar. FT-IR, GC-MS, and TGA were used to characterize the properties of the biocrude oil, hydrochar, and aqueous phase. The highest biocrude oil yield of 31.2 wt% was obtained at 20 % PET in the feedstock mixture with 40 vol% ethanol co-solvent. GC-MS analysis indicated that the biocrude oil produced at these conditions was rich in phenolic and ester compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed that the relative abundance of phenolic compounds increased from 28 % to 38 % with an increase in PET content from 20 wt% to 60 wt% in the feed mixture. In HTL using 40 vol% ethanol as the solvent, the biocrude oil had significantly higher ester content, which was approximately 82.7 % for pure PET and 25.8 % for a feed containing 20 wt% PET.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107402"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}