Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Towards enhanced understanding of the synergistic effects between potassium and calcium in biomass catalyzed pyrolysis","authors":"Zhiheng Ye ,&nbsp;Si Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyan Pan ,&nbsp;Junliang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhong-Ting Hu ,&nbsp;Chunbao Charles Xu ,&nbsp;Mian Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the influences of different parameters on the products of K-Ca synergistically catalyzed biomass pyrolysis and the possible chemical reactions during the process were investigated. Results indicated that, according to the standard Gibbs energy calculations, Ca(OH)₂ was more likely to react with carboxyl groups (precursors of CO₂) in biomass than KOH at low temperature (&lt; 600 °C), effectively preventing the generation of CO₂. Increasing the amount of Ca(OH)₂ significantly enhanced this interaction, resulting in gradually decrease of CO₂ and CO, and remarkably promoted the generation of H₂. With a considerable decrease in the O-containing species, the hydrocarbons and phenols (phenol accounting for 49 %) became the main species in organic liquid products. For solid products, KOH can react and remove most of the oxygen-containing functional groups, while Ca(OH)₂ can fixed O-C<img>O groups, resulting in a large amount of O-C<img>O groups remaining. Additionally, bimetallic carbonate K₂Ca(CO₃)₂ was formed at Ca(OH)₂/KOH/soybean straw ratios below 0.25:1:2, whereas K₂Ca₂(CO₃)₃ was generated at higher ratios exceeding 0.25:1:2. At higher temperatures (&gt; 600 °C), the O-C<img>O groups transformed into more stable C<img>O groups, and K₂Ca₂(CO₃)₃ decomposed into K₂Ca(CO₃)₂, which increased the content of CO via hydrogenation. As analyzed above, the mechanism of K-Ca synergistically catalyzed biomass pyrolysis was elucidated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106848"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the aging behavior and mechanism of nitrile rubber composites in combined radiation-thermal environments","authors":"Ruiyang Dou,&nbsp;Yiqian Zhang,&nbsp;Zhendong Huang,&nbsp;Qiang Liu,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Xianfu Meng,&nbsp;Hongbing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This contribution investigates the aging property changes and mechanism of nitrile rubber (NBR) under the combined radiation-thermal environments in the N₂ atmosphere. Aging resulted in a decrease in elongation at break from 309.01 % to 64.74 %, an increase in modulus of elasticity from 3.84 MPa to 9.09 MPa, and a slight increase in thermal stability. The crosslink density increases and the mass loss of the sample is reduced, while the chemical structure of the sample surface is almost intact. By gas-phase infrared spectroscopy, the irradiation aging-induced gases from NBR were also analyzed, including CO₂, CO, and alkanes (CH₄, C₂H₆, C₃H₈). This indicates that chain scission and pendant group removal also take place, whereas chain breaking primarily occurs at the macromolecular chain end. The above degradation reactions and the decomposed additives account for the generated trace amount of small molecule gas products. These findings suggest that the primary aging mechanisms of NBR are the cross-linking of macromolecular chains and additive loss. Furthermore, radiation and thermal have a synergistic effect on NBR aging, and this effect has a threshold temperature that is clearly between 50 °C and 70 °C. The synergistic effect of additive cleavage is only apparent at temperatures above 65 °C under radiation-thermal conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106865"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the dynamics and mechanism of thermal cracking of coal-based endothermic hydrocarbon fuels","authors":"Akang Liu ,&nbsp;Chong Wang ,&nbsp;Chongpeng Du ,&nbsp;Louwei Cui ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Zengzhi He ,&nbsp;Siyi Jing ,&nbsp;Jiaxi Lei ,&nbsp;Yinshang Xi ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Dong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal cracking of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels (EHF) plays an important role in the endothermic process when the fuel temperature exceeds the supercritical temperature. To gain a deeper understanding of the thermal cracking behavior of EHF, this work discusses the thermal cracking law and reaction mechanism of coal-based EHF at different temperatures through static thermal cracking experiments, and establishes a total molecular reaction dynamics model containing 34 species and 24-step reactions based on product distribution. The results show that in the temperature range of 450℃ to 500℃, the gas phase yield of the fuel increases linearly from 8 % to 56 %, and the conversion rate reaches up to 96.1 %. The kinetic reaction of thermal cracking conforms to the primary kinetic equation, the cracking rate constant <em>k</em> is between 1.08×10⁻⁴∼7.92×10⁻⁴ s⁻¹, the activation energy <em>E</em>_<em>a</em>=184.47±11.5 kJ∙mol⁻¹, and the precursor factor ln<em>A</em>=21.61±3.0. Gas phase products include hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane and butane. Liquid phase products include paraffins, alkyldecahydronaphthalenes and aromatic hydrocarbons. As the cracking depth increases, the degree of fuel branching first increases and then decreases, up to 0.33. Paraffins and alkyldecahydronaphthalenes are gradually converted into olefins, cyclic olefins, benzene, naphthalene, indene, fluorene and pyrene and other compounds. Based on the product distribution, the reaction mechanism of thermal cracking of coal-based EHF is speculated to include single-molecule β-cracking, bimolecular F-S-S, intramolecular H-transfer, cyclization and isomerization mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106836"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient catalytic hydrocracking of East Inner Mongolia lignite and lignite-related model compounds through selective cleavage of aryl C-O bonds","authors":"Han-Bing Gao ,&nbsp;Yue-Lun Wang ,&nbsp;Chen-Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Mei-Yue Huang ,&nbsp;Le-Le Qiu ,&nbsp;Jing Liang ,&nbsp;Fang-Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Jing-Pei Cao ,&nbsp;Yun-Peng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly efficient catalytic hydrocracking of lignite through selective cleavage of aryl C-O bonds to produce valuable fuels and chemicals is a prospective but challenging approach. Catalytic hydrocracking reactions of lignite and lignite-related model compounds were performed over a Ni-based catalyst. The results demonstrated that the aryl C-O bonds in benzyl phenyl ether and dinaphthyl ether were preferentially cleaved and the resulting aromatic monomers were subsequently hydrogenated with continuous optimization of reaction conditions. Moreover, a complete conversion of model compounds and 100 % selectivity of monomeric products were achieved. The density functional theory calculations unraveled that the stable horizontal adsorption of both benzene rings in benzyl phenyl ether at Ni sites can reduce the electron cloud density around ether-oxygen bonds and weaken their dissociation energy, facilitating the dominant cleavage of aryl C-O bonds. Component analyses and structural characterizations indicated that aromatic hydrocarbons were mainly produced (50.02 %) after catalytic hydrocracking of lignite through the selective cleavage of C-O bonds, effective removal of oxygen-containing structure and cracking of side chain groups on aromatic rings. Most significantly, this study proposed the probable mechanism that H⁺ species originating from the heterolytic cleavage of H₂ and H···H were the main active hydrogen species, committing to cracking C-O bonds, while H···H species were tendentious for subsequent hydrogenation of aromatic rings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106866"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-step kinetics study on Chang-7 shale pyrolysis: Impact of shale inherent minerals","authors":"Hao Lu,&nbsp;Qiuyang Zhao,&nbsp;Yanlong Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiwei Song,&nbsp;Shuoyu Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Dong,&nbsp;Hui Jin,&nbsp;Liejin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis is a significant process for the in-situ conversion and aboveground retorting of oil shale. However, the impact of inherent minerals on shale pyrolysis is still unclear. This study analyzed the effect of different inherent minerals on pyrolysis of Chang-7 oil shale, which is noted for its low carbonate, high silicate, and high pyrite content, through an integrated evaluation of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The pyrolysis process, arranged from 350℃ to 600℃, was deconvoluted into three distinct processes—bitumen, kerogen, and pyrite pyrolysis—using the bi-Gaussian method. Thermodynamic results showed that pyrolysis was endothermic and non-spontaneous. Minerals significantly reduced the pyrolysis activation energy. The ratio of pyrolysis activation energies for shale to kerogen increased with the carbonate-to-silicate content ratio. Master plot analysis indicated that, mineral removal shifted the reaction model from the contraction geometry model (Rn) to the diffusion model (Dn). This transition in reaction model was due to the formation of pores from demineralization and organic decomposition, facilitating the diffusion of heat and activated molecules into the interior of particles, which has been confirmed by porosity determination. This work provides an in-depth understanding of the impact of inherent minerals on shale pyrolysis, which is conducive to the efficient development and utilization of oil shale resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106860"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction kinetics dominated by melt decomposition mechanism: Intrinsic pyrolysis of insensitive HTPE polyurethane and the efficient inter-reaction with AP","authors":"Qifa Yao ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Dayong Li ,&nbsp;Fanzhi Yang ,&nbsp;Zhishuai Geng ,&nbsp;Yunjun Luo ,&nbsp;Min Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel insensitive HTPE (hydroxyl terminated polyether) adhesive holds a great potential application to develop the insensitive solid propellants. However, the pyrolysis kinetics and reaction mechanism of HTPE polyurethane are remained unclear. In this experimental investigation, the DTG curve of HTPE polyurethane was effectively deconvoluted into two main reaction stages via Gaussian peak fitting method, and the kinetic parameters for each pyrolysis stage were calculated. The calculation of the reaction mechanism functions indicated that both reaction stages follow an <em>n</em>-order reaction model with a very close <em>n</em> value. The overall pyrolysis process can be expressed as <em>f(α) = (1 - α)ⁿ</em> (<em>n</em> = 1.8 or 1.9). The TG-FTIR-GCMS results of online-collected gaseous products demonstrated that the pyrolysis of HTPE polyurethane is gradually decomposed from the outer layer to the inner layer, rather than being completely dominated by the kinetics of different functional groups. Localized melting of HTPE polyurethane was observed at 150 °C, moreover, it would almost completely transform into the liquid phase before the decomposition reaction occurred. Thus, it is suggested that the distinctive melt decomposition process of HTPE polyurethane alters the chemical environment even turns heat and mass transfer models of internal molecules, ultimately leading to its unique pyrolysis kinetics and reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, HTPE polyurethane could delay the first-stage pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate (AP), but significantly promote its second-stage pyrolysis process. Therefore, HTPE polyurethane is beneficial in reducing the sensitivity of AP under thermal stimulation as well as promoting its concentrated heat release process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106867"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on nitrogen transformation mechanism during biomass pyrolysis","authors":"Chenyu Duan ,&nbsp;Xianyao Yan ,&nbsp;Wan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiran Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinhui Ji ,&nbsp;Zhen Huang ,&nbsp;Huaqiang Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermochemical conversion of biomass produces NO_x precursors (e.g. NH₃, HCN, and HCNO) and high-value-added nitrogenous products (e.g. pyrroles, pyridines, and indoles). The control of NO_x precursors and regulation of nitrogenous chemicals are of great significance for environmental protection and biomass resource utilisation. However, the nitrogen transformation mechanism of biomass pyrolysis is not clear at present, which is not conducive to the regulation of pyrolysis products. In this review, the elemental and biochemical compositions and the N transformation directions of common N-rich biomass have been introduced. The advances in nitrogen transformation characteristics during typical model compounds (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, proline and 2,5-diketopiperazines) and major biomass components pyrolysis have been summarized. The effects of experimental conditions such as pyrolysis parameters (temperature, heating rate), catalysts, and atmospheres on nitrogen migration have been analysed. Finally, nitrogen regulation strategies and future research directions on nitrogen reduction in bio-fuels and nitrogen enrichment in nitrogenous products have been proposed. This review can provide suggestions for NO_x precursor control, high-quality nitrogenous chemical and multifunctional N-doped carbon product preparation during thermochemical conversion of biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106863"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium-ion batteries pitch-based carbon anode materials: The role of molecular structures of pitches","authors":"Jinru Wu ,&nbsp;Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Song ,&nbsp;Ning Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Tian ,&nbsp;Zhanjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To understand the effect of molecular configurations of coal tar pitch (CTP) on the reaction mechanism of carbonization and Li storage performance of subsequent carbonized products, four CTPs with different molecular structures are treated by liquid and solid phase carbonization and then tested the electrochemical performance of their carbonized products as anode materials for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The results reveal that CTP-1 with hexagon rings, zigzag edges, and long alkyl side chains provides a large number of free radicals during pyrolysis, promoting the parallel arrangement of aromatic molecules. Special addition patterns (linear and nonlinear simultaneous) of aromatic molecular in CTP-3 generate a large number of edge carbons and surface defects in the carbonized products. The high viscosity and arm-chair edge reduce the reactivity of CTP-4 molecules, and the presence of loops and oxygenated aromatics in CTP-4 also reduces the orientation of carbon stacks and the flatness of the microstructure. The electrochemical performance of the final products shows a significant difference. Among them, CTP-1-M-1400 with a specific capacity of 349 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ displays an excellent cycling performance. Large amounts of Li-ions (about 39.2 %) are stored at the edge and surface of CTP-3-M-1400. While large number of Li-ions (about 23.5 %) are stored in the microspaces of CTP-4-M-1400. In addition, excessive structure defects and oxygen-containing groups in CTP-4-M-1400 lead to decreased capacity retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106849"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on common amino acid pyrolysis products and analysis of pyrolysis products from interaction with aspartic acid","authors":"Yishou Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyue Tang ,&nbsp;Yingquan Chen ,&nbsp;Haiping Yang ,&nbsp;Hanping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen in nitrogen-rich biomass can be converted into high-value nitrogen-containing chemicals such as pyrroles, pyridines and indoles by pyrolysis. Understanding the nitrogen transport mechanism and reaction pathways is important for the utilization of nitrogen-rich biomass. In this study, the pyrolytic reaction pathways of 16 amino acids and interaction between others with aspartic acid were analyzed by pyrolysis in a closed U-tube reactor followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) measurements. It was found that amino acids with lighter molecular tended to produce more gases during the pyrolysis, while amino acids with heavier molecular tended to produce more liquids and solids. The gaseous products of amino acid pyrolysis mainly consisted of CO₂ and some CO, of which the content of CO₂ reached 86.21 % of glycine and 70.97 % of aspartic acid, respectively. Liquid oils contain a large number of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, which are mainly produced by four types of reactions: cyclisation, R group removal, polymerization, and fragmentation reforming. And it was found that aspartic acid was able to promote the changes of the three phases of pyrolysis products and the formation of characteristic products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inclusive experimental and kinetic understanding of the slurry phase hydroprocessing of crude oil with an active dispersed catalyst to obtain refined fuel","authors":"Ashutosh Rawat ,&nbsp;Sonu Dhakla ,&nbsp;Samir K. Maity ,&nbsp;Ojasvi ,&nbsp;Prem Lama","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shift of the industrial focus from fuel to chemicals has urged the researchers to obtain a suitable petrochemical feedstock for the FCC unit. Currently, the slurry phase hydroprocessing is a boon for industrialists to upgrade the crude oil using dispersed catalysts. This hydroprocessed crude oil obtained from slurry phase reaction prevents the FCC catalyst unit from getting rapidly poisoned as most of the impurities is removed from the crude oil such as asphaltenes, resins, heavy metal, sulfur etc. This study puts forward the influence of reaction temperature and time on the hydroprocessing of the crude oil. First, the screening of three separate forms of unsupported trimetallic NiMoW catalysts i.e., as-synthesized (CAT1), sulfided (CAT2), and oil-soluble sulfided (CAT3) at 420 °C and 120 bar of hydrogen pressure has been performed. After screening out the best catalyst (CAT3) based on greater conversion results of heavier hydrocarbon fractions to lighter hydrocarbon fractions, further a detailed experimental study for the hydroprocessing of crude oil under hydrogen pressure (120 bar) with varying reaction temperatures (410, 420, 430 °C) and time period (3, 4 and 5 hours) has been carried. With the rise in temperature from 410 to 430 °C, although the higher conversion of heavier fractions is obtained but the increased amount in the coke weight % restricts the use of very high temperatures for slurry hydroprocessing of crude oil. At 420 °C and 120 bar H₂ pressure, CAT1 catalyst shows a reduction in heavy vacuum gas oil (&gt;450 °C) from 20.05 wt% to 11.1 wt%, and a rise in middle distillate from 37.02 wt% to 50.4 wt%. When CAT2 catalyst is employed, a decrease in heavy VGO from 20.05 wt% to 9.3 wt% was observed with an increase in the middle distillates from 37.02 wt% to 52.1 wt%. CAT3 catalyst leads to maximum reduction in heavy VGO from 20.05 wt% to 7.1 wt% with an increase in the middle distillates from 37.02 wt% to 55.2 wt%, which shows the importance of oil-soluble catalyst to obtain better quality petro FCC feed. The kinetic study has also been performed for a better understanding of the reaction pathway. Based on the kinetic study, the activation energy associated with each hydrocarbon fraction has been determined and presented in the work. Such a detailed study covering all these valuable parameters along with kinetic study has not been presented till now which is the novelty of our work also.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}