Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"The NiO-Fe2O3 modified rice husk char catalysts for catalytic hydrothermal cracking of heavy oil at low temperatures","authors":"Ruiqi Liu ,&nbsp;Liqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenxing Huang,&nbsp;Huanan Li,&nbsp;Pengyu Chen,&nbsp;Qiwei Dong,&nbsp;Zhizhuang Wang,&nbsp;Yan Qiao,&nbsp;Riyi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy oil has the characteristic of high viscosity. Research on efficient and eco-friendly methods to reduce viscosity plays a crucial role in the sustainable utilization of global heavy oil resources. In this study, a biochar-based catalyst, NiO/Fe₂O₃-KRHC, was successfully prepared using KOH-modified rice husk char (KRHC) via the impregnation method. The RHC, KRHC, and catalyst were analyzed using multiple characterization techniques. The findings showed an increased abundance in the pore structure of the rice husk char after modification with KOH. The catalyst exhibited good thermal stability and strong acid sites. The catalyst activity was evaluated through the catalytic viscosity reduction experiment. The NiO/Fe₂O₃-KRHC catalyst demonstrated a satisfactory viscosity reduction effect at 185–245 ℃. Specifically, the NiO/Fe₂O₃-KRHC catalyst reduced the viscosity by 81.81 % at 230 ℃. The optimal reaction time for the catalyst was 24 h. The biochar-based catalyst demonstrated excellent performance in reducing viscosity at low to medium temperatures. The contact between transition metal oxides and heavy oil molecules facilitated the formation of coordination complexes, leading to the breakage of molecular chains and hydrogen bonds. Among them, the breakage of C-S bonds was the key reason for the reduction of viscosity. These findings will provide a reference for applying biomass-based catalysts to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107380"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between pyrolysis behavior and the chemical structure of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) isolated by deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Rui Lou ,&nbsp;Haiyuan Yang ,&nbsp;Kelun Feng ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Long He ,&nbsp;Shaojie Zhou ,&nbsp;Kang Kang ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), characterized by their high aromaticity, reactivity, and high carbon content (approximately 60 %), are considered an excellent precursor for the fabrication of a variety of other carbon nanomaterials. Therefore, investigating the relationship between chemical structure and pyrolysis kinetics of LNPs is crucial for understanding their carbonization mechanisms. In this study, three representative LNPs were isolated from pine, poplar, and wheat straw biomass using deep eutectic solvent (DES), and their chemical properties and pyrolysis kinetics were investigated. Moreover, the evolution pathways of graphitic carbons that are derived from these three LNPs’ pyrolysis reactions under the high temperature of 1700 °C were elaborated. The findings reveal that wheat straw LNPs, due to their lower molecular weight, undergoes thermal degradation rapidly at lower temperatures (200–300 °C). Poplar LNPs, characterized by a higher content of S and G units and fewer ether bonds, are more susceptible to degradation at elevated temperatures (300–600 °C). During the carbonization stage (600–800 °C), pine LNPs pyrolysis produced higher amount of char, due to its predominant components of G units, which resulted in increased condensation via C₅ position. The results of high-temperature pyrolysis conducted at 1700 °C demonstrate that the lignin subunit significantly influences subsequent pyrolysis behaviors and carbon formation mechanisms, i.e., the carbon materials derived from pine LNPs exhibited a well-defined curled tubular morphology, while poplar LNPs-based carbon formed an ordered, multilayer sheet-like carbon structure. This research provides critical insights for the targeted regulation of lignin-based carbon nanomaterials using LNPs as precursors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107379"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and fabrication of PVC-modified coal tar pitch-based N/O co-doped porous carbon nanosheets for high-performance zinc ion hybrid capacitors","authors":"Zhe Sheng ,&nbsp;Yayi Sun ,&nbsp;Enhui Chen ,&nbsp;Hongfeng Gao ,&nbsp;Yinan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuncai Tang ,&nbsp;Yu Deng ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Jingle Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyin Xie ,&nbsp;Yongfa Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiongchao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanosheets have emerged as promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZICs) owing to their high surface area, abundant exposed active sites, and short ion diffusion pathways. Coal tar pitch, a low-cost byproduct of coke production, is an attractive precursor for preparing such carbons because of its high carbon yield and aromatic-rich molecular structure. However, its inherent tendency to form large polyaromatic domains during pyrolysis often leads to dense stacking and limited pore accessibility, resulting in uncontrolled morphology and suboptimal electrochemical performance. This study aims to overcome the structural limitations of coal tar pitch-derived carbons by introducing a molecular engineering strategy that enables precise control over morphology and pore structure. Specifically, nitrogen and oxygen co-doped porous carbon nanosheets (NPCS) were synthesized via polyvinyl chloride modification of coal tar pitch, followed by high-temperature co-pyrolysis with potassium acetate and melamine. The introduction of aliphatic structures effectively improves the pyrolysis behavior of the pitch molecules, suppressing the excessive fusion of aromatic domains by weakening the π-π interactions and promoting the formation of ultrathin nanosheets with hierarchical porosity and enlarged micropores. The optimized material (NPCS-P0.5) exhibits a high specific surface area (1358.7 m² g⁻¹), a mean pore size of 2.31 nm, abundant N/O heteroatom doping, and a wrinkled-layer morphology. These structural and compositional features synergistically offer a high density of electrochemically active sites, facilitate efficient Zn²⁺ transport, and enhance interfacial charge transfer kinetics. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that NPCS-P0.5 delivers a high specific capacitance of 278.4 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ and retains 229.8 F g⁻¹ at 20 A g⁻¹ in a three-electrode configuration. When assembled into a ZIC, the Zn//NPCS-P0.5 device achieves a high energy density of 109.1 Wh kg⁻¹ at 160.9 W kg⁻¹ and maintains 101.16 % of its initial capacitance over 12,000 cycles. This work demonstrates a scalable, structure-tunable route for converting coal-derived feedstocks into high-performance carbon nanosheet materials, highlighting a new molecular-level design concept for advanced ZIC electrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107372"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermal modification on molecular structure of mesophase pitch precursor and subsequent liquid-phase carbonization behaviour","authors":"Guangxue Zhou ,&nbsp;Bin Lou ,&nbsp;Ganxun Wang ,&nbsp;Luning Chai ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Lingxiao Guo ,&nbsp;Jiangjiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Dong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality and performance of mesophase pitch are significantly influenced by the structure and composition of its precursor. This study, the thermal modification method was proposed for preparing petroleum pitch, which serves as precursors for the preparation of mesophase pitch via low-temperature condensation. The internal structure of modified pitch molecules is reconstructed to form condensed aromatic macromolecules, increasing aromaticity and reducing the number and length of side chains. The precursor pitch possess higher molecular weight and more concentrated distribution. By analsing the pyrolysis kinetics, it was concluded that the differential form of the second-order chemical reaction mechanism function is applicable to the non-isothermal pyrolysis of precursor pitch. The temperature range of 350–440℃ represents the primary stage of condensation and mesophase transformation, with <em>E</em>_a and ln<em>A</em> reaching 80–90 kJ/mol and 13–16 min⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, the isotropic and anisotropic phases of MP-P400–380℃ exhibit a ‘cliff-like’ development due to the significant difference in reactivity between the components with a wide molecular weight distribution of P-400. P420 has moderate aromaticity (<em>f</em>_a=0.71), aliphatic structure (H_α= 27.58 wt%), and HI-TS components (41.9 wt%), resulting in a uniform wide-area optical texture and highest stacking order (<em>L</em>_c = 4.5463 nm, <em>N</em> = 15.2854) for MP-P420–380℃. In contrast, MP-P430–380℃ exhibits a rough mosaic optical texture due to the low alkyl structure content, poor fluidity, and high viscosity of P430. This study has enhanced the liquid-phase carbonization theory, providing a unique and feasible method for the synthesis of pitch-derived carbon material precursors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107378"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic microwave modulation of tobacco straw and LDPE co-pyrolysis product distribution by HZSM-5/graphite felt composite catalyst: Directed synthesis of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","authors":"Zhaosheng Yu ,&nbsp;Huirong Ni ,&nbsp;Wen Teng ,&nbsp;Gao Shen ,&nbsp;Xikui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic fast pyrolysis is a pivotal technology for achieving high-value utilization of biomass. However, the traditional HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst faces significant challenges, including low mass transfer efficiency, poor product selectivity, and difficulty in suppressing the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study proposes a novel synergistic strategy of HZSM-5/ graphite felt (GF) composite catalyst and microwave energy fields for the directional modulation of co-pyrolysis products from tobacco straw (TS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The experimental results demonstrated that the redistribution of acidic sites on the composite catalyst (with the Brønsted/Lewis acid ratio decreasing from 0.87 to 0.33) combined with the macroporous mass transfer characteristics of GF significantly enhanced the selectivity of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs). Simultaneously, the high thermal conductivity and wave-absorbing properties of GF optimized the distribution of the microwave heat field, effectively suppressing PAHs condensation reactions induced by local overheating. When the mass ratio of HZSM-5 loading to feedstock was 0.8:1 the total aromatic selectivity reached 83.24 %, with MAHs accounting for 41.47 % (6.4 times higher than that of HZSM-5), while the content of PAHs decreased from 58.3 % to 42.94 %. Furthermore, although the catalytic activity of the HZSM-5/GF composite catalyst decreased notably after five consecutive experimental cycles, it remained superior to that of pure HZSM-5. This work elucidates the synergistic effect of \"pore-acid-microwave\" and provides a theoretical foundation and technical pathway for product regulation and large-scale application of biomass catalytic pyrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107374"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pre-treatment on product characteristics and bromine behavior during pyrolysis of waste printed circuit boards for resource recovery","authors":"Bibari Boro,&nbsp;Pankaj Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis presents a viable route for resource recovery from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs); however, the presence of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) pose challenges due to their toxicity and potential to contaminate recovered products. This study investigates the influence of pre-treatment methods-acid leaching and Soxhlet extraction on the pyrolysis behavior of WPCBs. Four feedstocks were evaluated: raw WPCB (RW), nonmetallic fraction post-acid leaching (NM), and their Soxhlet-treated counterparts (RW-sox, NM-sox). Pyrolysis was conducted at 500 °C, with a 30 °C/min heating rate and a 156 min hold time. FTIR and ¹H NMR analyses confirmed the aromatic nature of pyrolytic oil, while GC-SimDist indicated a predominance of light hydrocarbons (C₇-C₁₁) across all feedstocks. GC-MS analysis revealed that metallic constituents in RW and RW-sox suppressed phenol formation and elevated p-cumenol concentration. However, Soxhlet extraction had minimal effect on oil composition. Gas chromatography (GC-TCD/FID) showed major gaseous products to be H₂, CO, CO₂, and minor light hydrocarbons (C₁-C₅), with higher H₂ and CO yields associated with metal-containing feedstocks. Bomb calorimeter-ion chromatography analysis indicated that acid leaching promoted bromine volatilization, increasing Br transfer to the liquid and gas phases while reducing its retention in char. These findings highlight the potential of pre-treatment strategies to optimize pyrolysis for higher resource recovery while mitigating environmental impact from brominated compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107375"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic way for peach seed valorisation by integrating thermochemical approaches: Transesterification and pyrolysis","authors":"Jung-Hun Kim ,&nbsp;Gyeongnam Park ,&nbsp;Taewoo Lee ,&nbsp;Jaewon Lee ,&nbsp;Eilhann E. Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to maximise carbon utilisation in the biodiesel (BD) production from transesterification of oil-bearing seed and subsequent pyrolytic valorisation of defatted biomass waste. Peach seed (PS) was selected as a model for the oil-bearing seed. After extracting PS oil (PSO) (56.3 wt% of PS), the defatted PS (DPS) was subjected to CO₂-assisted pyrolysis over a nickel catalyst, resulting in enhanced conversion of DPS into syngas, particularly CO. The homogeneous reaction between CO₂ and VM liberated from DPS led to reduced CO₂ formation and its oxidation with VM, resulting in enhanced CO evolution. Compared with pyrolysis under inert N₂ conditions, syngas production increased by 39.0 % in the presence of CO₂. PSO was converted into BD via thermally induced transesterification, yielding superior BD yield compared to alkali-catalysed conversion. Indeed, the BD yield from thermally induced transesterification was 98.15 wt%, whereas the BD yield from alkali-catalysed transesterification was 87.10 wt%. To further enhance the transesterification kinetics, biochar produced from the pyrolysis of DPS served as a catalyst. This approach resulted in a BD yield of 98.34 wt% at 340 ˚C. CO₂ mitigation potential was evaluated by integrating the pyrolysis of DPS with the BD production process from PSO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107377"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis of pulp and paper mill sludge: Mechanistic effects of process conditions and feldspar catalysis on product formation and biochar carbon permanence","authors":"Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo ,&nbsp;Gabriela Durán-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Yanni Sudiyani ,&nbsp;Arsi Cahyani ,&nbsp;Joni Jupesta ,&nbsp;Brilian Ryan Sadewo ,&nbsp;Budhijanto Budhijanto ,&nbsp;Arief Budiman","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the pyrolysis of pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS) as a carbon dioxide removal strategy by examining the effects of feedstock moisture (0 and 30 wt%), temperature (400–800 °C), and ex-situ catalysis using feldspar minerals on product yields, carbon and nitrogen recovery, chemical speciation, and biochar carbon stability. Product distribution was temperature-dependent: biochar was favored at low temperatures, biocrude at intermediate temperatures, and syngas at high temperatures. Without catalysis, wet PPMS produced more biochar and CO₂-rich syngas but less biocrude and aqueous coproducts compared to dry PPMS. While feldspar catalysts had negligible effects on biochar yield due to the ex-situ configuration, Na-feldspar—with greater Lewis acidity than K-feldspar—significantly enhanced biocrude yield and increased methane and hydrogen content in the syngas, particularly from wet PPMS. These improvements originated from the activated CO₂ methanation, water–gas shift, and hydrocarbon-forming gas-phase reactions, e.g., dimerization and telomerization. Nitrogen distribution varied with temperature: it was retained in biochar at low temperatures and migrated to the aqueous phase as amines and pyrroles at higher temperatures. Shrinking core kinetic modeling of biochar oxidation, supported by elemental analysis, solid-state ¹ ³C NMR, and reflectance microscopy, revealed the formation of inertinitic, graphitic-like carbon structures. Biochars produced at higher temperatures exhibited increased oxidation resistance, with extrapolated half-lives from 0.25 to 1 and from 1 to 5 million years for wet-derived and dry-derived samples, confirming geological-scale carbon stability. These findings underscore the potential of optimized pyrolysis conditions for producing stable biochar while enhancing the energy value of co-produced biocrude and syngas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107376"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on improving lignin pyrolysis efficiency for the production of phenolic compounds by deep eutectic solvent pretreatment: A review","authors":"Chenzhou Wang,&nbsp;Leyi Sun,&nbsp;Mingjin Wang,&nbsp;Yanqin Huang,&nbsp;Kai Li,&nbsp;Qiang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin, the most dominant source of renewable aromatic feedstock, exhibits potential for producing bio-based phenolic compounds through fast pyrolysis. The utilization of deep eutectic solvent (DES) for lignin extraction and the pyrolysis of DES-pretreated lignin (DESPL) for phenols production has attracted considerable scholarly interest in recent years. Nonetheless, a comprehensive review focusing on the production of phenolic compounds from DESPL pyrolysis has yet to be published, and the application of this integrated technology is still ongoing. This review aims to fill this gap by elucidating recent advancements in the fractionation of DESPL, with particular emphasis on the influence of DES on the production of phenolic compounds. The performance of recyclable DES in lignin fractionation and the structural properties of DESPL were summarized. Furthermore, the pyrolysis mechanism of lignin was discussed and the potential of DESPL for phenols production was explored. Additionally, relevant computational simulations were systematically summarized to illustrate the enhancement effects of DES pretreatment. This review will provide new insights into the fractionation and valorization of lignin through the application of renewable DES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107370"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ detection of phosphorus-containing gas phase species at steady-state pyrolysis of flame retardant coated cotton","authors":"Niklas Tomasik ,&nbsp;Raphael Otto ,&nbsp;Thomas Mayer-Gall ,&nbsp;Burak Atakan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a novel experimental approach for investigating the gas-phase activity of flame retardants on textiles and provides initial results for pristine and DOPO <strong>(</strong>C₁₂H₉O₂P<strong>)-</strong>coated cotton fabrics. Steady-state pyrolysis was achieved by continuously moving fresh, unpyrolyzed textile into a locally fixed pyrolysis zone, maintaining a consistent degree of pyrolysis. The textile was pyrolyzed using a hot argon flow at temperatures ranging from 200 to 700 °C. Validation of chemical steady-state conditions was first carried out by analyzing the surface composition of the textile as a function of position using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. After confirming these conditions, pyrolytic gases were analyzed via electron impact mass spectrometry at an ionization energy of 18 eV. The first system investigated was pristine cotton, where temperature-dependent quantities of selected hydrocarbons were analyzed and compared with literature data. The results indicate that the novel setup yields promising results, as expected pyrolysis products were successfully detected. The first heterogeneous flame retardant textile system analyzed was DOPO/cotton. Temperature dependent profiles of key hydrocarbons were recorded, and their potential influence on the gas-phase mechanism was discussed. To further assess the validity of the proposed mechanism, comparisons were made with literature-reported mechanisms of DOPO derivatives applied to cotton, revealing certain similarities. Additionally, phosphorus-containing species were detected under specific conditions, providing evidence of limited gas-phase activity. Finally, based on the experimental data, the effectiveness of DOPO as a flame retardant for cotton was evaluated. The results suggest that DOPO exhibits limited gas-phase activity in this system, emphasizing the need for alternative phosphorus-based FRs with enhanced efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107371"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}