Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Pilot-scale enhancement of vacuum residue conversion via dual-stage catalytic cracking coupled with hydrogen regulation: Toward optimal product selectivity","authors":"Chengbiao Wang ,&nbsp;Jingxian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxi An ,&nbsp;Peijie Zong ,&nbsp;Wenshuo Ma ,&nbsp;Yanpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruotong Cui ,&nbsp;Wenlong Xu ,&nbsp;Di Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingyun Qiao ,&nbsp;Yuanyu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient conversion of vacuum residue (VR) into high-value light olefins and aromatics is critical for the sustainable utilization of heavy carbon resources. In this study, we propose a dual-stage gas-phase catalytic cracking process using a modified dual-stage self-mixing downer circulating fluidized bed (DS-DCFB) reactor tailored for intermediate-naphthenic VR. In the primary stage (530 °C, calcium aluminate catalyst (CaAl)), a 69.21 wt% liquid yield and 70.24 % heavy oil conversion were achieved with only 11.05 wt% coke formation. The dual-stage system (Stage I: 530 °C, CaAl catalyst; Stage II: 610 °C, acid-base composite catalyst (Z-CA)) significantly enhanced light olefin selectivity, yielding 30.13 wt% light olefins (C₂–C₄) and 40.64 wt% liquid products, while maintaining coke yield at 14.61 wt%. Notably, introducing 1.00 wt% H₂ co-feeding suppressed methane and coke formation by 22.29 % and 11.02 % and simultaneously increased the yields of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) by 2.87 wt%. The DS-DCFB reactor exhibited robust stability during 12-hour continuous pilot-scale operation, confirming its efficiency for VR-to-chemicals conversion. These findings demonstrate the synergistic role of hierarchical catalysis and hydrogen regulation in suppressing coke formation, enhancing light olefin yield, and achieving stable pilot-scale performance. This work provides key experimental insights for industrial VR valorization and offers a promising pathway for heavy oil upgrading toward chemical feedstock production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107427"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on pyrolysis gasification and resource utilization of tobacco waste: Component analysis and recovery strategies","authors":"Wen long Li,&nbsp;Yun Guo,&nbsp;Bao ming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tobacco waste represents a unique biomass resource due to its high content of nicotine and alkaloids, distinct from conventional agricultural residues.These components, along with its abundant cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, impart special characteristics to its pyrolysis and gasification products. This review systematically examines the composition of tobacco waste and its influence on the distribution of products—biochar, tar, and syngas—during Pyrolysis and gasification.conversion. Key findings highlight the potential for obtaining high-value chemicals such as phenols and nicotine-derived compounds from tar, producing syngas (H₂/CO/CH₄) for energy applications, and applying biochar for soil remediation. Future research should focus on (1) advanced extraction of nicotine, (2) heavy metal removal, (3) tar upgrading, and (4) process scale-up to enhance the economic and environmental feasibility of tobacco waste valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107425"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-depolymerization of lignin and plastic waste using hydrothermal liquefaction process","authors":"Somtochukwu Anonyuo ,&nbsp;Sampath Karunarathne ,&nbsp;C. Luke Williams ,&nbsp;M. Clayton Wheeler ,&nbsp;Sampath Gunukula","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable valorization of underutilized lignin and plastic waste beyond incineration is critical for producing renewable fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) provides a promising approach to convert wet lignin and plastics into high-quality oils without the need for prior drying of wet lignin. This study examines the effects of temperature (300–400 °C), residence time, and polymer molecular weight on product yield and composition during HTL of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and lignin under subcritical and supercritical water conditions. For PE, oil yields increased with temperature, with low molecular weight (LMW) PE achieving a maximum of ∼93 % at 400 °C for 30 min, while high molecular weight (HMW) PE reached ∼86 % at 400 °C for 1 h. Lignin and PP exhibited optimal oil yields at intermediate temperatures, decreasing at higher temperatures due to secondary reactions and char formation. Lignin yielded a maximum of ∼22 % oil at 300 °C for 30 min, LMW PP ∼88 % at 375 °C for 1 h, and HMW PP ∼83 % at 400 °C for 1 h. GC–MS analysis revealed that lignin oils were rich in phenols and alkylphenols, while PE and PP oils were dominated by paraffins and olefins. Oxygenated compounds in PE decreased at higher temperatures, improving oil quality. Co-liquefaction of lignin with plastics enhanced oil yields and energy content under specific conditions, demonstrating synergistic effects dependent on plastic type, molecular weight, and HTL conditions. These findings highlight the potential of HTL to produce high-energy, value-added fuels from lignin–plastic mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107422"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neural network modeling for prediction and optimization of biochar yield and properties","authors":"Padam Prasad Paudel ,&nbsp;Sunyong Park ,&nbsp;Kwang Cheol Oh ,&nbsp;Dae Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar produced via biomass pyrolysis offers promise for soil amendment, carbon sequestration and renewable energy applications. This study presents an Artificial Neural Network framework (ANN) coupled with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for accurate prediction and optimization of biochar yield, higher heating value (HHV₂) and carbon content(C₂). This work addresses the gap in multi-objective biochar design by integrating predictive modeling, global and local explainability, and optimization into a unified framework. A dataset of 296 experimental runs, covering pyrolysis temperatures(θ), residence times(t), elemental composition, proximate analysis, and initial heating value(HHV₁), was normalized, validated and split into training-validation (80:20) subsets. Six feedforward ANN models with varied input combinations were tuned via a two-stage grid and randomized search, achieving an overall R² of 0.909 and average RMSE of 3.15 across outputs. A further 5‑fold cross‑validation on the selected Model 1 (with 11 inputs) yielded mean ± std dev R² of 0.895 ± 0.013 and RMSE of 5.71 ± 0.31 % for yield, confirming the model’s robustness. However, model 4 with the lowest inputs (<em>θ</em>, <em>t</em>, and HHV₁) also predicted an appreciable average R² of 0.870 and RMSE of 3.84. Feature-importance, partial-dependence and SHAP analyses identified pyrolysis temperature and volatile matter as primary drivers of biochar properties. PSO yielded global optimum conditions at 200°C and 47 min (69.3 % yield, 16.9MJ/kg HHV₂, 45.2 % C₂), with tailored settings for agricultural residues (509°C-52min) and woody biomass (405°C-85min) to balance energy density and yield. These results demonstrate a robust, data-driven approach for designing biochar production processes, with potential for real-time control and multi-objective optimization in future applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107421"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-production of light olefins and aromatics with high PX selectivity from catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene over shaped ZSM-5 microspheres","authors":"Anteng Tao ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Chen ,&nbsp;Huai Guan ,&nbsp;Xinglong Gu ,&nbsp;Junjie Lei ,&nbsp;Qingang Xiong ,&nbsp;Bilainu Obozokhai Oboirien ,&nbsp;Hao Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White pollution has intensified due to plastics’ inherent degradation resistance. Catalytic pyrolysis can convert waste plastics into valuable chemicals like light olefins and aromatics while reducing pollution. However, insufficient selectivity for target products remains a challenge. In this study, the shaped ZSM-5 (Z5) microspheres from industry was used and modified <em>via</em> 3.0 wt% impregnation of P, Ga, and Zn to enhance the yield of light olefins and aromatics in <em>ex-situ</em> catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP). Incorporating P, Ga, or Zn modulated catalyst acidity, promoting the dehydrogenation /aromatization reactions and significantly increasing liquid, light olefin and aromatic yields. The Zn-Z5 microspheres gave the highest light olefin yield (36.7 wt%), and decreased alkane yield by 24.6 wt%, sharply increasing olefin-alkane ratio from 0.52 to 1.56, compared with Z5. Concurrently, the yields of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and C_9 + aromatics in the liquid products were increased, with the yield of aromatics rising from 22.6 wt% (Z5) to 38.4 wt% (Zn-P/Z5). Notably, the <em>p</em>-xylene (PX) selectivity in xylenes significantly improved, with the selectivity of Zn-P/Z5 attaining 75.3 %. These results show that employing P-, Ga-, and Zn-modified Z5 microspheres for the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics facilitates the high-value recycling of waste plastics, achieving co-production of light olefins and aromatics with high PX selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107419"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface construction of aluminum diethylphosphinate for improving flame retardant and mechanical properties of PA6 composites","authors":"Bin Tao,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Lubin Liu,&nbsp;Ruiping Wang,&nbsp;Suliang Gao,&nbsp;Tao Han,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li,&nbsp;Hanlin Huang,&nbsp;Miaojun Xu,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherent flammability of polyamide 6 (PA6) substantially limits its applicability in electronic components and rail transportation sectors. Although traditional aluminum diethylphosphite (ADP) can reduce the flammability of PA6, its poor compatibility with PA6 matrix leads to a significant decrease of the mechanical properties of PA6 composites at high addition levels. In this study, a phosphorous-containing novel anionic long-chain surfactant was used to reconstruct the surface of ADP and the modified aluminum diethylphosphite (MADP) was introduced into PA6 matrix. Only 9 wt% MADP enabled PA6 to achieve UL-94 V-0 rating and the LOI of PA6/MADP reached to 28.3 %. Theoretical simulations indicated that the flame retardant mechanism of PA6/MADP involves both condensed-phase shielding and gas-phase radical inhibition effect. Therefore, under the same addition, the PHRR and THR of PA6/MADP were reduced by 44.8 % and 17.5 % compared to pure PA6. Meanwhile, the surface restructuring of ADP enhanced the entanglement and compatibility between MADP and PA6 molecular chains. Consequently, the tensile strength and notched impact strength of PA6/MADP were enhanced by 6.3 % and 26.4 % compared to PA6/ADP. This prepared PA6/MADP composite with excellent flame retardancy and mechanical properties, shows significant practical application potential in fields such as electronics, electrical appliances, and the automotive industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107420"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar application for soil amendment and water remediation: A critical review","authors":"Pamela Mendioroz ,&nbsp;María A. Volpe ,&nbsp;Andrés I. Casoni","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from biomass through thermochemical processes like pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization, has gained significant attention for its dual role in soil amendment and water remediation. This review examines recent advancements in biochar production, emphasizing the influence of feedstock types and process parameters on its physicochemical properties. Pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization yield biochars with distinct characteristics, ranging from high fixed carbon content for long-term carbon sequestration to enhanced nutrient retention capabilities. For soil applications, biochar improves fertility, water retention, and microbial activity, while reducing nutrient leaching and mitigating heavy metal toxicity. For water remediation, biochar's high porosity and functional groups make it effective in adsorbing heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and dyes. Moreover, pretreatments like chemical activation can enhance its adsorption capacity, making biochar a versatile material for environmental remediation. This critical review correlates biochar properties with its environmental applications, highlighting optimization strategies for targeted uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107417"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis kinetics, volatile evolution, and backbone degradation mechanisms of typical nitrogen-containing plastics based on TG-FTIR-GC/MS and density functional theory","authors":"Donghua Xu,&nbsp;Yibing Wei,&nbsp;Haoyu Xiao,&nbsp;Tengyue Zhang,&nbsp;Zichun Sheng,&nbsp;Haiping Yang,&nbsp;Yingquan Chen,&nbsp;Xianhua Wang,&nbsp;Hanping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis mechanisms of nitrogen (N)-containing plastics hold significant importance for recovering high-value fuels and chemicals from real plastic waste, whereas current insights remain unclear. This work systematically investigated the pyrolysis behaviors, volatile release characteristics, and backbone decomposition mechanisms of polyamide 6 (PA6), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) through integrating TG-FTIR-GC/MS and density functional theory (DFT). Kinetic analysis based on Coats-Redfern and Achar methods suggested a higher average activation energy of PA6 (228 kJ/mol) compared to TPU (94 kJ/mol) and PAN (189 kJ/mol). PA6 pyrolysis predominantly produced c aprolactam (92.01 %) at 481 °C through the nucleophilic attack of terminal amino group on adjacent amide structure, forming a four-membered transition state with a free energy barrier of 217.0 kJ/mol. Owing to the lower bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of the acyloxy bonds in urethane groups compared to the alkoxy bonds in polyester structures, the hard and soft segments of TPU occurred sequential cracking at 358 and 448 °C, releasing 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (85.12 %) and cyclopentanone (69.12 %), respectively. PAN backbone preferentially cleaved at mid-chain C-C bonds with lower BDEs, forming acrylonitrile dimer and monomer fragments, which coupled with each other and combined with hydrogen radicals to generate abundant NH₃ and fatty nitriles like 2-methylglutaronitrile, 1,3,6-hexanetricarbonitrile, and acrylonitrile. These findings elucidated the intrinsic connection between pyrolysis volatile evolution and backbone degradation mechanisms of N-containing plastics at the molecular level, thereby offering theoretical guidance for optimizing the pyrolysis process of real plastic waste to prepare high-value products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107418"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of antioxidant addition on the thermal decomposition behavior of polyisoprene rubber during low-temperature pyrolysis","authors":"Emmanuel Awosu ,&nbsp;Shogo Kumagai ,&nbsp;Yuko Saito ,&nbsp;Seiichi Tahara ,&nbsp;Takayuki Nasi ,&nbsp;Masahiro Homma ,&nbsp;Takakazu Minato ,&nbsp;Masahiro Hojo ,&nbsp;Toshiaki Yoshioka","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pyrolysis of used rubber is a promising approach for resource recovery; however, the selective recovery of isoprene remains a challenge due to extensive thermal decomposition and secondary reactions. This study proposes a co-pyrolysis process aimed at enhancing the retention of the isoprene skeleton in the recovered liquid rubber during low-temperature pyrolysis. A cross-linked polyisoprene rubber reinforced with carbon black was co-pyrolyzed with phenolic antioxidants, namely tetrakis[methylene(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)]methane, denoted as AO-1010, and <em>n</em>-octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, denoted as AO-1076, to inhibit radical-induced structural degradation. The isoprene skeleton retention rate decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature for all samples. However, antioxidant-treated rubbers (AO-1010 and AO-1076) showed higher retention at 300 °C compared to untreated rubber, indicating that antioxidants can suppress thermal degradation and preserve the isoprene structure at elevated temperatures. For untreated rubber, the isoprene recovery rate increased from approximately 12 % at 200 °C to a peak of 53 % at 270 °C, followed by a sharp decline to 34 % at 300 °C, suggesting intensified secondary reactions at higher temperatures. In contrast, rubbers treated with antioxidants AO-1010 and AO-1076 exhibited improved stability at elevated temperatures. At 300 °C, the AO-1010- and AO-1076-treated rubbers maintained higher isoprene skeleton recovery rates of 50 % and 47 %, respectively. Additionally, antioxidant treatments significantly reduced the molecular weight of the rubber from Mw 340,000 to approximately 35,000 at 270 °C. These findings demonstrate that co-pyrolysis with antioxidants can better preserve the isoprene skeleton and increase liquid product yields at low temperatures. This approach offers a promising strategy for improving the efficiency and selectivity of isoprene recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107415"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on pyrolysis characteristics and product regulation mechanisms of biomass thermal dissolution residues","authors":"Yao Gao ,&nbsp;Simin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuqi Fu ,&nbsp;Zhongdong Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Jichang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the carbonization behavior of biomass TD residues (PsR, CbR, EpR) and their pyrolysis product distribution. Fixed-bed experiments were conducted to examine the effects of temperature (400–600°C) and heating rate (5–25 °C/min) on biochar properties, product yields, and gas/bio-oil composition. Results show that the residues' low-oxygen, high-carbon nature favors high-quality biochar production. Higher temperatures increased gas yield but reduced biochar formation, while faster heating rates enhanced bio-oil and gas generation via intensified depolymerization. Bio-oil mainly contained aromatics and phenols, with their contents rising at elevated temperatures and heating rates. At 600°C and 10 °C/min, pyrolysis gas contained over 60 % combustible components (CO, CH₄, H₂). Biochar exhibits excellent fuel performance, with PsR_biochar and CbR_biochar displaying a hierarchical pore structure, while EpR_biochar has its pores blocked due to ash melting. Mesoporous PsR_biochar was obtained at 500°C and at 10 °C/min, while higher temperatures and heating rates improved adsorption capacity. This work provides insights into optimizing pyrolysis conditions for high-value utilization of biomass refining residues, supporting a clean production process and resource recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107416"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}