Phytomedicine Plus最新文献

{"title":"Nymphaea pubescens Willd. extract and its flavonoid constituents vasodilate rat isolated pulmonary artery via NO-sGC-cGMP pathway","authors":"Teerapap Panklai ,&nbsp;Prapapan Temkitthawon ,&nbsp;Nungruthai Suphrom ,&nbsp;Corine Girard ,&nbsp;Perle Totoson ,&nbsp;Kowit Hengphasatporn ,&nbsp;Yasuteru Shigeta ,&nbsp;Krongkarn Chootip ,&nbsp;Kornkanok Ingkaninan","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder indicated by elevated blood pressure in pulmonary artery (PA). PAH treatment focuses on inducing PA vasodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), the enzyme prominently expressed in pulmonary vasculature. Our previous research demonstrated that the extract (WLE) derived from the petals of the water lily (<em>Nymphaea pubescens</em> Willd.) and its flavonoid constituents, 3-methyl ether 3´-O-<em>β</em>-xylopyranoside (<strong>1</strong>), quercetin (<strong>2</strong>), and kaempferol (<strong>3</strong>), exhibited PDE5 inhibitory property, suggesting that WLE and its constituents may contribute to PA vasodilation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dried N<em>. pubescens</em> petals were extracted with 95 % ethanol to provide the WLE. The vasorelaxant effects of the WLE and its flavonoid constituents were evaluated on rat PA and aorta using organ bath technique. The cytotoxicity of the WLE was also tested on the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from PA and aorta. Furthermore, a molecular docking study was performed to confirm the binding mode of flavonoid constituents to PDE5.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The WLE relaxed PA (EC₅₀=4.96±0.81µg/ml) more than the aorta (EC₅₀=27.50±7.61µg/ml, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), suggesting its selectivity on the PA vs the aorta. PA vasorelaxation was reduced by endothelial removal or N^G-nitro-<span>l</span>-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), but was unaffected by indomethacin, apamin plus charybdotoxin, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), glibenclamide, iberiotoxin, and BaCl₂. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin -1- one (ODQ) reduced the relaxation induced by the WLE (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation was enhanced by the WLE. WLE had no effect neither on extracellular Ca²⁺ influx through ROCCs/VOCCs nor intracellular Ca²⁺ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PE-induced contraction via α₁-receptor was also unaffected by WLE. Compounds <strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong> relaxed both PA and aorta rings with and without endothelium (EC₅₀=26 - &gt;100 µM). VSMCs incubated with the WLE for 1 hr showed no acute cytotoxicity. The binding of compounds <strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong> to PDE5 is slightly better than that of native PDE5 inhibitors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both WLE and its flavonoids (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>) vasodilated PA. The mechanism of WLE vascular action involved the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) pathway and stimulation of sGC, while showing no VSMC cytotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the multifaceted mechanism of Shuang Huang Lian in treating upper respiratory tract infections: A metabolomics-based network pharmacology approach","authors":"Gang Xu ,&nbsp;Akshay Suresh Patil ,&nbsp;Ruhan Wei ,&nbsp;Dan Liu ,&nbsp;Aimin Zhou ,&nbsp;Yan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>Shuang Huang Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula consisting of extracts from <em>Lonicerae japonicae flos, Forsythiae fructus</em>, and <em>Scutellariae radix</em>, is widely recognized for its efficacy in treating upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Recommended by the 2011 Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Influenza, SHL's therapeutic potential has long been valued in clinical practice. However, its precise mechanisms of action against URTIs remain unclear, necessitating further exploration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study investigates the molecular mechanisms and identifies the key active components and pivotal protein targets of SHL in URTI treatment using a network pharmacology approach. We based our analysis on pharmacologically active SHL components we previously identified through untargeted metabolomics profiling. Key cheminformatics and bioinformatics platforms and databases, including ADMETlab, SEA, PASS, Super-Pred, SwissTargetPrediction, PharmMapper, and GeneCards, were used to predict the drug-like properties of active SHL components and identify protein targets shared between the active SHL components and the URTI-related disease genes. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and gene ontology (GO), KEGG, and Reactome enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate the biological functions relevant to URTIs. Target-target interaction (TTI) network construction and modularity analysis were also performed. Finally, pivotal protein targets and key active SHL components were validated through molecular docking simulations and <em>in vitro</em> cell culture experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our analysis identified TNF, CASP1, and MAPK14 as pivotal protein targets in SHL's action against URTIs, with brusatol, an active SHL component, confirmed as a critical ligand that modulates these targets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This comprehensive study elucidates the multifaceted mechanisms underlying SHL's efficacy in treating URTIs, supporting its traditional use and highlighting its potential for novel therapeutic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephroprotective effects of Foeniculum vulgare mill (Apiaceae Family) hydromethanol leaf extract against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity on Swiss albino mice","authors":"Kibur Hunie Tesfa ,&nbsp;Chernet Desalegn Gebeyehu ,&nbsp;Tiget Ayelgn Mengstie ,&nbsp;Hiwot Tezera Endale","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cisplatin-induced kidney damage is one of the causes of acute kidney injury that increases morbidity. Therefore, it is mandatory to seek effective, affordable, and safe drugs for the prevention and curative effects of kidney toxicity caused by cisplatin. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of Foeniculum <em>vulgare</em> Mill hydro-methanolic crude leaf extract on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was conducted on 36 male Swiss albino mice divided into 6 groups (6 mice per group. Group I received distilled water only. Group II was cisplatin control. Group III-V were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg <em>Foeniculum vulgare</em> Mill respectively. Group VI was treated with 100 mg/kg of silymarin. Group II-VI was administered a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin on the 11th day. The mice were anesthetized on the 16th day following the final treatment. Subsequently, kidney function tests and histopathological examination were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mice that received cisplatin alone (group II) exhibited a significant decrease in body weight on day 16, an increase in serum kidney markers, a decrease in serum sodium and chloride, an increase in potassium and calcium, an increase in relative kidney weight, and pathological damage to the kidney as compared to the normal control group. The group of mice treated with 200 mg/kg, 400mg/kg of extract, and silymarin control significantly reduced the serum kidney markers and prevented pathological damage to the kidney compared to the negative control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study's findings revealed that <em>Foeniculum vulgare</em> Mill exhibits nephroprotective activities by ameliorating nephrotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolite profile and antioxidant activities of Trikatu, black pepper, Javanese long pepper, and red ginger essential oils","authors":"Dewa Ayu Ika Pramitha ,&nbsp;Tati Herlina ,&nbsp;Iman Permana Maksum ,&nbsp;Ari Hardianto ,&nbsp;Abd. Wahid Rizaldi Akili ,&nbsp;Jalifah Latip","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trikatu (TR) is an Ayurvedic formulation that consists of three pungent medicinal ingredients: long pepper fruit, black pepper, and ginger rhizome. However, the strong pungency of the TR constituents poses challenges for oral administration. Therefore, the formulation of TR in the form of essential oils for aromatherapy could be considered to overcome this challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the contribution of black pepper (BP), Javanese long pepper (JLP), and red ginger (RG) to the GCMS– metabolite profile of Trikatu (TR) essential oil and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant activities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The essential oils from BP, JLP, and RG were extracted using the stahl hydro-distillation method. Phytochemical profiling was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed with the help of R packages of factoMiner and factoExtra to examine the metabolite distributions. Antioxidant activities of TR, BP, JLP, and RG essential oils was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The GC–MS analysis of BP, JLP, RG, and TR essential oils revealed the presence of 11 common compound, including linalool, caryophyllene, and beta-bisabolene. PCA showed different patterns of compound abundance across the samples. For example, linalool was more abundant in TR samples, while gamma-bisabolene was more in JLP samples. The antioxidant activities of TR, BP, JLP, and RG essential oils were significantly different, with RG showing the lowest IC₅₀ value 2.73 ± 0.09 mg/mL, indicating higher antioxidant potential compared to BP and JLP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the unique metabolite profiles in RG, BP, JLP, and TR essential oils, which contribute significantly to their bioactive properties, particularly antioxidant activity. RG essential oil plays a significant role in enhancing the antioxidant potential of TR. These insights support broader applications in aromatherapy, wellness, and healthcare, where TR essential oil can be used for antioxidant support, stress relief, and as a natural supplement. Future research may further optimize these essential oils for targeted therapeutic and preventive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anticancer properties, cell-cycle cytotoxicity and apoptosis of cissus rotundifolia, trema orientalis, and buddleja polystachya with ocular applications","authors":"Ali Hendi Alghamdi ,&nbsp;Aimun A.E. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mahadi bashir ,&nbsp;Haidar abdalgadir ,&nbsp;Asaad khalid ,&nbsp;Ashraf N. Abdalla ,&nbsp;Mohamed E. elzubier ,&nbsp;Riyad almaimani ,&nbsp;Bassem refaat ,&nbsp;Khalid alzahrani ,&nbsp;Saleh MS. alghamdi ,&nbsp;Sheraz gul","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Buddleja polystachya, Trema orientalis, and Cissus rotundifolia were applied locally for various ocular purposes, while receiving few scientific evaluations.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to screen the anticancer properties and determine the cell-cycle cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity of the most promising plant extract.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, MTT assays with MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HT29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (human liver adenocarcinoma) were used. In addition to MRC5 (normal human foetal lung fibroblast) was carried out for preliminary activity screening and selectivity. The most promising extract was subjected to GC–MS analysis to determine the phytochemical composition. Additionally, a clonogenic assay was performed to measure tumor cell survival and subsequent proliferative capacity after drug exposure was conducted for the most active extract(s) and finally western blotting was used to determine the expression change of the two selected proteins (survivin and CCND1) in order to determine the exact mechanistic features of the most promising plant extract.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The six extracts showed variable IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.77 to - 40.97 μg/mL. The most active extracts were C. rotundifolia coded as (stem; BEP-03A and leaves; BEP-03B) on HepG2 cells and showed ∼ 4 and 8 fold selectivity compared to normal MRC5 cells. Both extracts showed a dose-dependent clonogenic effect on HepG2 cells, which was comparable to the effect of doxorubicin. The extract (BEP-03B) caused a significant decrease in the expression of survivin and CCND1 compared to the control GAPDH at its highest dose (12 µg/mL). The GC–MS chromatogram of the leaf of C. rotundifolia extract (BEP-03B) revealed the presence of 17 compounds, as the main phytoconstituents representing 57.5 % of the total compounds present in <strong>BEP-03B</strong> Three steroidal components (<strong>12, 14</strong> and <strong>15</strong>) were the main components, while compound stigmast-5-en-3-ol (compound <strong>15</strong>) was the main component.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Leaves of Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl, possess a significant cytotoxic effect and it may produce this effect, through apoptosis induction, perturbation, and disruption of the cell cycle. The detected phytoconstituents in the plant extract might be involved in the tested cytotoxic activity and its molecular apoptotic mechanism. <em>Future studies are required to isolate the active ingredient(s) and confirm the therapeutic application(s).</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular investigation on active compounds in papaya leaves (Carica papaya Linn) as anti-malaria using network pharmacology, molecular docking, clustering-based analysis and molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Arwansyah Arwansyah ,&nbsp;Sitti Rahmawati ,&nbsp;Siti Nuryanti ,&nbsp;Yenni Yusuf ,&nbsp;Hartono ,&nbsp;Abdur Rahman Arif","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malaria remains a significant global health issue. In Indonesia, &gt;400,000 cases of malaria were reported, with the highest prevalence in Papua Province. However, limited access to healthcare services in remote areas and the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs pose significant challenges to malaria elimination efforts in Indonesia. Hence, we investigate the active compounds in <em>Carica papaya Linn</em> as potential drugs against malaria using pharmacology combined with several in silico methods. A total of 23 proteins linked to the active compounds and malaria-related targets in human proteins were identified using network analysis. STAT3 protein is the first-degree rank based on network topological analysis, indicating it has a strong correlation with malaria infection. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed on the parasite protein Falcipain-2, revealing that five compounds exhibited higher binding affinities than Artemisinin (control), suggesting their potential as Falcipain-2 inhibitor. The stability of these complexes was further validated using MD simulations, showing no signs of instability in any of the models based on validation metrics. Citroxanthin (model 2) emerged as the most stable complex due to its favorable binding energy score. To confirm Citroxanthin's binding site, re-docking simulations and k-means clustering analysis were conducted. The results indicated that Citroxanthin in cluster 1 occupied a similar binding site as in the initial docking and MD simulation. From the viewpoints of the molecular investigations, including binding site analysis, binding energy, and structural dynamics, Citroxanthin may become a promising drug for treating malaria infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinach ameliorates dietary oxidized tallow-induced NAFLD by regulating inflammatory cytokines, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and antioxidant systems","authors":"Neelab ,&nbsp;Alam Zeb ,&nbsp;Muhammad Jamil","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders globally and is a major clinical concern that is increasing in both industrialized and developing countries.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the ability of <em>Spinacia oleracea</em> dried powder in protecting rabbits from the toxicity caused by oxidized-tallow.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Oxidized tallow and spinach powder were administered to the rabbits. The phenolic profile of spinach was studied using HPLC-DAD. Investigations were conducted on the liver phospholipid composition, liver-histology analysis, levels of antioxidants, liver-associated inflammatory cytokines, and the serum-lipid profile.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings revealed that the primary constituents of the extracts were gallic acid, luteolin-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, and chlorogenic acid. Histological and biochemical examination of the liver revealed greater fat storage in the OT-group than in the control or therapy groups. The OT-treated rabbits exhibited increased levels of hepatic inflammatory cytokines, decreased antioxidant status, and elevated lipid profiles. After consuming spinach, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α), PPARs, and antioxidants (CATs, SODs, TBARS, GSH-Px, and GSHs) returned to normal.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Dried spinach powder is an excellent dietary source of liver-protective chemicals that ameliorate NAFLD by reducing proinflammatory cytokines and enhancing antioxidant status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytomedicinal armamentarium: A review of inula racemosa-derived alantolactones and isoalantolactones in anticancer therapy","authors":"Joshi Gaurav Santoshrao ,&nbsp;Smriti Jamwal ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;Ekta Bisht,&nbsp;Bisen Harsh Krishnakumar,&nbsp;Shreya Katoch,&nbsp;R.K. Asrani","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cancer remains a significant health challenge, with increasing incidence and mortality rates attributed to lifestyle factors and environmental pollutants. Despite decades of research, a universal cure for cancer remains elusive. The natural flora, particularly medicinal plants, offers a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic benefits. <em>Inula racemosa</em>, a plant used in Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been recognised for its various medicinal properties.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This review aims to summarize the recent research and advances concerning the anti-cancer effects of two key phytoconstituents—alantolactone and isoalantolactone—derived from <em>Inula racemosa</em>. The review focuses on understanding their mechanisms of action and potential as alternative cancer therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Keywords like \"Inula,\" \"anticancer,\" and \"cell lines\" were employed to identify relevant studies. Initially 126 papers were screened in total and the collected data were analysed to assess the anti-cancer properties of alantolactone and isoalantolactone.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Studies indicate that alantolactone and isoalantolactone exhibit significant anti-cancer activities through various mechanisms. These include the induction of apoptosis, regulation of the cell cycle, inhibition of angiogenesis, and suppression of metastasis. The compounds have demonstrated efficacy in vitro and in vivo, affecting various cancer cell lines with minimal toxicity to normal cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Alantolactone and isoalantolactone from <em>Inula racemosa</em> show promising potential as anti-cancer agents. Their diverse mechanisms of action and minimal side effects position them as candidates for further research and development. Future studies should focus on clinical trials to establish their efficacy and safety in humans, paving the way for new cancer therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on new models of asthma immune pathobiology: A review","authors":"VR Bataduwaarachchi ,&nbsp;DCJ Liyanage ,&nbsp;SMN Hansanie ,&nbsp;HDSM Perera ,&nbsp;LG D'Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asthma, a prevalent chronic immune-mediated respiratory disease, has long been a global health concern. In this context, the potential of garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) to modulate the immune pathobiology of asthma is of great interest. However, the molecular and immune-mediated effects of garlic remain inadequately explored in the context of emerging asthma pathobiological models.</div></div><div><h3>Aims of the study</h3><div>This review aims to explore the potential effects of garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) on the immune pathobiology of new asthma models and to provide guidance and comprehensive reference material for preclinical and clinical studies.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature review was conducted in PubMed, Medline Scopus, and Google Scholar. A combined search was performed for each keyword, with “garlic” included as the primary keyword or search term. Articles were included if they primarily focused on the effects of garlic compounds on the immune pathobiology of asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The administration of s-allyl-cysteine mercapto-l-cysteine (SAC) suppresses inflammatory events in asthma by specifically downregulating TH2 cytokines. It also reduces vital key proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6, PGE2, and COX2, which are vital in asthma pathogenesis. Garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) compounds further suppress inflammatory response via modulation of NF-κB/IκB expression. Additionally, sulphur compounds inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, via the suppression of asthmatic inflammatory response.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L<em>.</em>) compounds, including SAC, potentially show multiple biological functions, including specific effects on TH2 inflammation and other immune-modulatory and antioxidant properties against specific immune-mediated asthma pathobiological pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronil effectively inhibits the interaction of clinically relevant Omicron mutants of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with human ACE2 receptor","authors":"Acharya Balkrishna ,&nbsp;Rishabh Dev ,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Anurag Varshney","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulating evidence suggests that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has several times more binding affinity to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor compared to the RBD of the original Covid-19 strain. This increased binding affinity of the Omicron variant is responsible for its increased internalization and infectivity.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>In the present study, the impact of Coronil, a tri-herbal formulation of extracts from <em>Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia and Ocimum sanctum</em> on the binding properties of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins (S proteins) was investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Chemical composition of Coronil was determined by the Prominence-XR UHPLC system. The ELISA-based ACE2 binding inhibition assay was performed to delineate the effect of Coronil on the interaction between human ACE2 receptor and different Omicron variant S-proteins such as BA.4/BA5, XBB, BA.2.75.2, BA4.6/BF.7, BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1 and a recently found spike protein variant JN.1 which is thought to emerge from BA.2.86.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Coronil showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the interactions between ACE2 and receptor binding domains (RBD) of all variants of S-proteins evaluated in this study including the recently emerged, highly transmissible variant spike protein JN.1. Although, Coronil significantly reduced the binding percentage in almost all the variant spike proteins, the maximum inhibition was achieved against BA.4/BA.5 where it inhibited the S protein – ACE2 interaction even at a low concentration of 3 µg/ml (16.6 %). This binding inhibition was further increased to 60.3 and 84.3 % at 100 and 300 µg/ml respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This capability of Coronil to inhibit the binding of S-protein variants with ACE2 receptor may interfere with viral binding and internalization resulting in reduced infectivity of these Omicron spike protein variants. Overall, our data underscores the potential of Coronil in combating the various newly emerged Omicron spike protein variants. These findings may provide a basis for further studies of Coronil for its clinical effectiveness against these Omicron variants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}