Energetic Materials Frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Cover Story","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-6472(24)00044-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-6472(24)00044-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Page ii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647224000447/pdfft?md5=461a041669db50f8c6305c7387aa29dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647224000447-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphical Abstract","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-6472(24)00045-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-6472(24)00045-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages iii-vii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647224000459/pdfft?md5=c8871cdb622c51778f2d9bb1424d034e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647224000459-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deprotonation-assisted electrochemical synthesis of copper nitrotriazole with excellent ignition performance","authors":"Jun-hong Chen,&nbsp;Chun-pei Yu,&nbsp;Jian-yong Xu,&nbsp;Chang-kun Song,&nbsp;Wei Shi,&nbsp;Xiao-ting Lei,&nbsp;Bo-nan Gu,&nbsp;Ming-hao Bao,&nbsp;Wen-chao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical synthesis serves as a green and efficient method with great application potential. However, it has not been extensively applied in the synthesis of energetic materials. Nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds, as a new generation of energetic materials, enjoy advantages such as eco-friendliness, high energy output, and excellent safety performance. This study reports the electrochemical cathodic synthesis of copper nitrotriazole [Cu(NTz)₂] using copper chloride and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole as a reaction substrate and triethylamine as a deprotonation agent. The obtained Cu(NTz)₂ comprises uniform spherical particles of nano lamellae. As the dosage of triethylamine increased from 50 μL to 150 μL, Cu(NTz)₂ gradually grew into compact solid spherical particles, significantly increasing the energy output. Notably, the heat release increased from 711 J g⁻¹ to 1301 J g⁻¹, accompanied by a significant positive elevation of ignition performance and peak combustion pressure in the process of confined combustion. This greatly boosted the energetic performance of Cu(NTz)₂. Moreover, Cu(NTz)₂ demonstrates insensitivity to electrostatic discharge (<em>E</em>₅₀＞225 mJ) and friction (<em>FS</em>＞360 N), suggesting excellent safety performance. Owing to its outstanding energetic and safety performance, Cu(NTz)₂ boasts great potential for application as pyrotechnic compositions, including military gas-producing and incendiary agents. Moreover, it has been corroborated that Cu(NTz)₂ can be applied as a micro ignitor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647223000696/pdfft?md5=f8d982b8d340f26441ebf2f5550ed0fd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647223000696-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technologies for room-temperature self-healing polymer materials and their applications in energetic materials","authors":"Xing-ling Hu ,&nbsp;Min Xia ,&nbsp;Ming-hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Fan-zhi Yang ,&nbsp;Yun-jun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energetic materials are the energy materials used by weaponry to accomplish launch, propulsion, and destruction. However, during manufacture, storage and use, they may be damaged and form microcracks when subjected to external stimuli such as temperature, humidity and impact, which ultimately lead to changes in material properties. Self-healing materials can repair the damage through physical or chemical processes, restoring their properties and extending their service life. This paper reviews the classification of self-healing polymer materials, principles underlying technologies for room-temperature self-healing polymer materials, and the applications of these technologies in energetic materials. Furthermore, this study proposes several key directions for future research on the technologies and their applications in energetic materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 158-174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647224000368/pdfft?md5=b36710117e1e21cd0c208c2cce4e3717&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647224000368-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141400049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural evolvement of 1-methyl-3,4,5-trinitropyrazole at high pressure","authors":"Guang-yu Qi ,&nbsp;Ye Cao ,&nbsp;Tian-yu Jiang ,&nbsp;Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Explosives, a type of energetic material (EM), face a high-pressure environment in the detonation process or under shock conditions. Determining their high-pressure behavior is critical to their explosion and safety. 1-Methyl-3,4,5-trinitropyrazole (MTNP), a carrier of melt-cast explosives, exhibits the potential for replacing trinitrotoluene (TNT). However, there is limited knowledge about its structural evolvement at high pressure. Using a diamond anvil cell (DAC), this study investigated the structural variation of MTNP through <em>in situ</em> high-pressure synchrotron angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction (ADXRD) experiments and Raman measurements. As evidenced by the results, MTNP underwent phase transition at 8.7 GPa and amorphization at 15.3 GPa due to high pressure. Through the analysis of first-principles calculations and Raman spectra, this study proposed the mechanisms behind the changes in MTNP at high pressure. Furthermore, this study systematically explored the structural evolvement of MTNP and the evolution of its weak intermolecular interactions at high pressure, gaining further understanding of MTNP's detonation and safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 90-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647224000253/pdfft?md5=3784701aaf015ded1398ec705e2215c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647224000253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired design of PTFE/B energetic materials with high reactivity and flexibility","authors":"Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Hua-Mo Yin ,&nbsp;Yao-feng Mao ,&nbsp;Ling-feng Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although new-type energetic materials have been investigated extensively, there is a challenge on how to integrate energy density and mechanical properties of energetic materials simultaneously. Herein, a versatile approach was proposed to design energetic materials with high energy density, reactivity, and flexibility based on a bio-inspired strategy. By mimicking the “brick-and-mortar” structure within a natural nacre, the energetic film with alternative layers of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and boron (B) was successfully fabricated. The nacre-mimetic PTFE/B energetic film exhibited excellent reaction heat (4413.9 J⋅g⁻¹) and bright combustion flame, which may originate from the exothermic reaction mechanism between fluorine (F) and B. Even more remarkably, such PTFE/B energetic film revealed prominent mechanical flexibility reported for the first time. These findings indicate that the nacre-mimetic strategy provides an effective route to engineer energetic materials with high energy density, reactivity, and flexibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 141-146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647224000289/pdfft?md5=251687e8a3f8fc26236be25545e68ff1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647224000289-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new crystal form of Hx2TNBI·2H2O through solvent-induced crystallization","authors":"Bi-bo Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-long Li ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Peng-cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Mei-qi Wang ,&nbsp;Shang-biao Feng ,&nbsp;Shu-hai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymorphism is universal in energetic materials (EMs), which is originated from the differences of molecular conformers and stacking mode. The polymorphic transition may lead to the change of crystal structure and properties of EMs. In this work, <em>β</em>-Hx₂TNBI·2H₂O (<strong><em>β</em>-1</strong>) was successfully synthesized through solvent-induced conformational transition of Hx₂TNBI·2H₂O. From the perspective of quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics, the crystal stacking changes caused by different molecular conformations are discussed in detail, which leads to the properties difference of EMs. The results show that <strong><em>β</em>-1</strong> featured wave-like crystal stacking, making it less sensitive to external mechanical stimuli than <em>α</em>-Hx₂TNBI·2H₂O (<strong><em>α</em>-1</strong>) (<strong><em>α</em>-1</strong>: <em>IS</em> &gt; 6 J, <em>FS</em> &gt; 288 N; <strong><em>β</em>-1</strong>: <em>IS</em> &gt; 20 J, <em>FS</em> &gt; 360 N). <strong><em>α</em>-1</strong> featured better the aromaticity, which gives it higher thermal stability than <strong><em>β</em>-1</strong> (<strong><em>α</em>-1</strong>: <em>T</em>_d = 186 °C; <strong><em>β</em>-1</strong>: <em>T</em>_d = 146 °C). Simultaneously, compared with <strong><em>β</em>-1</strong>, <strong><em>α</em>-1</strong> has higher crystal density and detonation performance. This work provides a new and effective way to change the safety of EMs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647224000265/pdfft?md5=e9d0cf0f55927f978afc087416181c7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647224000265-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in methodologies and techniques for the synthesis of energetic materials: A review","authors":"Wei Du ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Feng ,&nbsp;Wei-hua Zhu ,&nbsp;Jin-shan Li ,&nbsp;Peng-cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in methodologies and techniques for the synthesis of energetic materials, which are expected to shape future manufacturing and applications. Techniques including continuous flow chemistry, electrochemical synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, and biosynthesis have been extensively employed in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries and, gratifyingly, have found broader applications. This review comprehensively introduces recent advancements in the utilization of these emerging techniques, aiming to provide a catalyst for the development of novel green methods and techniques for synthesizing energetic materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 175-190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266664722400037X/pdfft?md5=80ab0a3b19c117395ff75181ff6ae929&pid=1-s2.0-S266664722400037X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141413548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress and prospect of explosive crystallization (2022-present)","authors":"Yu-jie Song,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Rong Xu,&nbsp;Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To meet the requirements of explosives in military and civilian fields, researchers are committed to improving the comprehensive performance of explosives. The performance of explosive crystals can be significantly improved by regulating the structure and morphology of single-compound explosive crystals as well as compounding explosive crystals. According to the related research on explosive crystals at home and abroad from 2022 to now, the development of explosive crystal composites and single-compound explosives' crystal morphology, particle size, and crystal form regulation study were reviewed. The explosive crystal composites encompass both the complex consisting of a single-compound explosive and the complex consisting of two separate types of explosives. Simultaneously, the main problems encountered in the development of explosive crystals were also analyzed, such as the deficiency of systematic and broadly applicable regulation methods and theories. Finally, the future development direction of explosive crystal research was envisioned, with the aim of providing guidance for the production, handling, and application of explosives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 147-157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647224000356/pdfft?md5=858338ff26c71734ba9eab6f1bed2aa5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647224000356-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high density and low sensitivity carrier explosive promising to replace TNT: 3-Bromo-5-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole","authors":"Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-lan Song ,&nbsp;Zhi-hong Yu ,&nbsp;Dan Song ,&nbsp;Chong-wei An ,&nbsp;Feng-sheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the issues of high saturated vapor pressure, high toxicity, and high viscosity of TNT, this article used a chemical method to synthesize a new carrier explosive BFTNAN. The prepared samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy spectrum(EDS), x-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared spectrum(IR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis techniques. The enthalpy of formation of BFTNAN was measured using a specialized calorimeter that is specially used in testing of explosives and powders. The thermal decomposition performance of BFTNAN was tested by DSC technology. Meanwhile, the mechanical sensitivity, thermal sensitivity, and detonation performance of BFTNAN based melt-cast explosive was also tested. The results of characterizations showed that the prepared sample was indeed BFTNAN. The enthalpy of formation of BFTNAN was determined as Δ<em>H</em>_{f<em>,</em>BFTNAN} = −72.6 kJ·mol⁻¹. At a heating rate of 20 °C·min⁻¹, the thermal decomposition peak of BFTNAN is at <em>T</em>_P = 250.6 °C, and the activation energy is <em>E</em>_K = 80 kJ·mol⁻¹, which is closed to the <em>T</em>_p and <em>E</em>_K values of TNT. This indicates that BFTNAN is a relatively easy to decompose explosive, but the decomposition rate is not fast. The critical temperature for thermal explosion of BFTNAN reached <em>T</em>_b = 216 °C, which is also closed to the <em>T</em>_b value of TNT. The impact and friction sensitivity of BFTNAN were lower than those of TNT, which was closed to those of DNAN. The thermal sensitivity of BFTNAN is lower than TNT. The detonation velocity and heat of explosion of BFTNAN based melt-cast explosive were distinctly higher than those of TNT based explosive. Especially, BFTNAN based melt-cast explosive were of the advantages in chemical energy storage, work capacity, brisance, and ability of acceleration metals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 131-140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647224000381/pdfft?md5=33fc128748f5dc123fd25569899d09f3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647224000381-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141413750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}