Energetic Materials Frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Effects of the Al content on thermal decomposition and combustion properties of HMX/Al composites","authors":"Hua Fang,&nbsp;Jin-qiang Zhou,&nbsp;Peng Deng,&nbsp;Peng-fei Zhu,&nbsp;Xue-yong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To understand the thermal decomposition and combustion characteristics of HMX/aluminum (Al) composites, this study prepared the HMX/Al composites with different Al contents and carried out the thermal decomposition and combustion performance tests of these composites. The thermal analysis results showed that the activation energy of the HMX/Al composites increased from 483.94 ​kJ·mol⁻¹ to 541.60 ​kJ·mol⁻¹ when the Al content increased from 0 to 30 ​wt%. However, the change in the Al content had little effect on the heat flow of the HMX/Al composites. The combustion results showed that the calorific value of HMX/Al-30 composite reached 16,860 ​J·g⁻¹. The flame height and burning intensity gradually increased with an increase in the Al content, and the burning duration of HMX/Al-10, HMX/Al-20, and HMX/Al-30 gradually decreased by 0.21, 0.57 ​ms and 0.91 ​ms, respectively. The results showed that Al powder as metal fuel can control the combustion reactions and energy output of HMX-based explosives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000835/pdfft?md5=c31db9f40babc4878848274be702547f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647222000835-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46863288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Story","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-6472(22)00090-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-6472(22)00090-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"3 4","pages":"Page ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000902/pdfft?md5=a387300bd27e3621c32b111f4b7269b6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647222000902-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138304838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphical Abstract","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-6472(22)00091-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-6472(22)00091-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages iii-vii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000914/pdfft?md5=617f220e90168f8aaabb513a3a05fa4e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647222000914-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138303480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AIEgen-based metal-organic frameworks as sensing “toolkit” for identification and analysis of energetic compounds","authors":"Long-yi Zhu ,&nbsp;Bin Zhu ,&nbsp;Ying Wan ,&nbsp;Sheng-yuan Deng ,&nbsp;Zhang-dong Yu ,&nbsp;Chong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The identification and analysis of energetic compounds are important technology in the field of national defence and environmental monitoring. However, as the rapid development of high-energy density materials, designing universal detection strategy for energetic compounds and their composites is still challenging. Herein, we construct a suite of AIEgen-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the sensing “toolkit” for discriminating four types of energetic compounds, including nitroaromatics, nitrogen-rich heterocycles, nitramine and nitroenamine. Through manipulating the structure of linker and coordination patterns of MOFs scaffold, diversified fluorescence responses can be obtained to simultaneously probe the fluorescence quenching and competitive binding abilities of different energetic compounds in aqueous systems. The “toolkit” sensor array with fluorescence pattern recognition could successfully discriminate seven iconic energetic compounds by principal component analysis. Further performance studies show that the heterogenous materials of energetic compounds can be quantitatively analyzed with linear relationship between stoichiometries and principal component values. The composites from different types of energetic compounds are rapidly identified via AIE MOF-based logic operations. The resulting sensing “toolkit” provides a new avenue for designing olfactory-mimic sensing system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 257-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000756/pdfft?md5=cf123e4ae35be8634250dbe227c16aba&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647222000756-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42119815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-quality and homogeneous HMX-based aluminized explosives using droplet microfluidic technology","authors":"Jin-qiang Zhou,&nbsp;Bi-dong Wu,&nbsp;Rui Zhu,&nbsp;Yun-yan Guo,&nbsp;Jia-hui Shi,&nbsp;Chong-wei An,&nbsp;Jing-yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aggregation of nano-aluminum powder seriously hinders the energy release of aluminized explosives. This study developed a strategy of using the droplet microfluidic technology to prepare HMX/15 ​wt% n-Al/2 ​wt% (NC and F2604) high-energy microspheres and systematically studied the effects of different binders on the morphology (i.e., roundness) and dispersion properties of microspheres. Moreover, it investigated the thermal decomposition, mechanical sensitivity, and combustion performance using TG, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical sensitivity and combustion experiments. Results show that all the prepared microspheres are regular spherical and enjoy excellent dispersion and high packing density. Using NC as a binder offers more advantages, including favorable roundness, angle of repose, and bulk density values, which were found to be 0.921, 27.1°, and 0.723 ​g·cm^-3, respectively. Using fluorine rubber (F2604) as a binder promotes the oxidation of nano-aluminum and delays the decomposition of HMX. Meanwhile, the microsphere structure can effectively reduce the sensitivity, and the use of F2604 as a binder can significantly improve the safety performance. As a result, the obtained aluminum-containing explosives have impact and friction sensitivities of 60 ​J and 220 ​N, respectively. In addition, compared to physically mixed samples, the microsphere samples have significantly improved combustion performance, more intense combustion reactions, and a shorter burning time, all of which are attributed to their uniform structures and the interactions between components. These results indicate that the strategy using the droplet microfluidic technology provides a new method for preparing high quality aluminized explosives efficiently and safely.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 219-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000185/pdfft?md5=3db4476d8cd2b37a19fccbcaf81e4041&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647222000185-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45265963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction-dominated combustion control of ammonium perchlorate-based composites by layered V2C MXene","authors":"Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Peng-fei Tang ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-dong Li ,&nbsp;Guang-cheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reactive combustion catalysts (RCCs) are emerging materials for the combustion control of ammonium perchlorate (AP)-based propellants owing to their unique ability to control burning rates, high atomic utilization, and high-energy output. This paper reported that the combustion of AP-based propellants can be greatly enhanced by applying vanadium carbide (V₂C) MXene as RCCs because of its combined advantages of unique reactivity and high chemical energy storage. The decomposition of AP in the presence of V₂C MXene involves both direct reaction decomposition and catalytic decomposition. V₂C MXene preferentially reacts with AP as fuel, releasing its chemical energy in the form of heat and forming VO_<em>x</em>/C nanosheets. The VO_<em>x</em>/C nanosheets formed in situ can serve as catalysts to promote thermal decomposition of the remaining AP. Unlike other combustion catalysts, the direct redox reaction between V₂C MXene and AP dominates the decomposition of AP. Compared with other RCCs that mainly work through catalytic decomposition, V₂C MXene exhibits a greatly increased burning rate, a shorter to-steady-state-combustion time, and greater energy release.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 199-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000562/pdfft?md5=513e2c605c5283b617ebca0edd5dc931&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647222000562-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44796320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface control: A key to future energetic materials with optimal performances","authors":"Nikita V. Muravyev,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Zhijian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 187-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000926/pdfft?md5=c27029b6b7356b40b53e36883338e39d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647222000926-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49657652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactive molecular dynamics studies of the interfacial reactions of core-shell structured CL-20-based aluminized explosives at high temperature","authors":"Jin-cheng Ji,&nbsp;Meng-yun Mei,&nbsp;Wei-hua Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmf.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thermal decomposition processes of CL-20 nanoparticle (NP), core-shell structured CL-20@Al NP, and CL-20@AlO NP were studied through reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The results are as follows: (1) the CL-20@Al and CL-20@AlO NPs decomposed earlier than the CL-20 NP; (2) the Al shell experienced the melting-aggregation process and gradually changed from a shell structure to block aluminized clusters; (3) different in the decomposition of the CL-20 NP, N₂ appeared first in the decomposition of the CL-20@Al and CL-20@AlO NPs, indicating that Al changed the initial decomposition process of CL-20; (4) the quantities of NO₂, NO, and CO₂ produced during the decompositions of the CL-20@Al and CL-20@AlO NPs were much lower than those produced during the decomposition of CL-20 NP. This occurred because the Al atoms had high activity at high temperature and attacked these products to produce massive aluminized substances; (5) Al significantly promoted the movement of H and N atoms but impeded that of O and C atoms in the three systems. This study will present fundamental information about the interfacial behaviors of aluminized explosives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 266-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266664722200080X/pdfft?md5=603da2fa8179e3f2a1d0587eafa6543d&pid=1-s2.0-S266664722200080X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138303481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic properties of CuO–Cr2O3–PbO ternary nanocomposites favorable for the pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate","authors":"Guang-pu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu-hang Cheng ,&nbsp;Miao-miao Li ,&nbsp;Lei Xiao ,&nbsp;Hu Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Jiang ,&nbsp;Ga-zi Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2021.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2021.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, CuO–Cr₂O₃–PbO ternary nanocomposites (TNCs) with different atomic ratios of Cu:Cr:Pb (5:2:8, 5:4:6, 5:6:4, 5:8:2) were synthesized by means of efficient mechanical milling. As confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), uniform and impurity-free CuO–Cr₂O₃–PbO TNCs with an average grain size of 30 ​nm were successfully obtained. The catalytic properties of CuO–Cr₂O₃–PbO TNCs favorable for the pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were studied through thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that TNC-8, which has an atomic ratio of 5:8:2 (Cu:Cr:Pb), exhibited the highest catalytic activity for the pyrolysis of AP when the pyrolytic temperature of AP decreased from 441.3 ​°C to 360.2 ​°C and the Gibbs free energy (<span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msup><mi>G</mi><mo>≠</mo></msup></mrow></math></span>) decreased from 199.8 ​kJ·​mol⁻¹ to 175.2 ​kJ·​mol⁻¹, as compared to CuO–Cr₂O₃–PbO nanocomposites with other atomic ratios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 226-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000197/pdfft?md5=443ff261d6cc8220887cba39e26bd614&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647222000197-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42296838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influencing mechanisms of a wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the β-HMX crystal surface","authors":"Hong-tao Li ,&nbsp;Jie Sun ,&nbsp;He-liang Sui ,&nbsp;Chuan-guo Chai ,&nbsp;Bing-hong Li ,&nbsp;Jia-xin Yu ,&nbsp;Hong-tu He ,&nbsp;Ying Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the influence of the wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the energetic crystal surface by constructing the lubricating interface between wax and <em>β</em>-HMX crystals. The nano-scratch testing of <em>β</em>-HMX crystals with and without wax coating was conducted under the ramp-loading (0–3.5 ​mN) mode and the constant-loading (0.4 ​mN) mode. The testing results are as follows. Compared with the dry friction of <em>β</em>-HMX crystals without wax coating, wax can significantly improve the contact friction between the energetic crystals and the rigid micro-convex body. The influence of wax on the interface friction highly depends on the external load conditions. Under the ramp-loading mode, the wax layer can greatly reduce the average coefficient of friction (COF) from ∼0.7 (dry friction) to ∼0.2 (lubricating interface) and inhibit COF fluctuation. The inherent mechanism of wax reducing the interface friction works in the following way. Wax can effectively suppress the plowing effect of the rigid micro-convex body on the <em>β</em>-HMX crystal surface and further inhibit the occurrence of brittle fracture and crack defects. The wax layer can also suppress the friction anisotropy of the <em>β</em>-HMX crystal surface, significantly reducing the probability of high COF (&gt;0.4). The distribution probabilities of COF in the range of 0–0.1 and 0–0.3 were 33% and 89%, respectively. The stick-slip effect of the friction behavior was observed under the constant-loading mode, with the COF varying periodically with the sliding distance. These study results can help understand the desensitization mechanisms of wax on the energetic crystal surface at a micro-scale quantitative level and provide a necessary basis for building the friction hot-spot model under dry friction and wax lubrication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000847/pdfft?md5=199745b94985e7ab4244fe70f0b07c06&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647222000847-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43483338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}