Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Study of Antibacterial Activity of Gentamicin-Cetirizine on Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates","authors":"L. Hasani, L. Fozouni","doi":"10.52547/IEM.7.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/IEM.7.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"Article Type Original Research Authors Leila Hasani, MSc1 Leila Fozouni, PhD1* How to cite this article Hasani L., Fozouni L. Study of Antibacterial Activity of Gentamicin-Cetirizine on Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2021;7(1): 37-43 1 Department of Biology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran * Correspondence Address: Department of Biology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran. Tel:+989111518674 lili_kia@yahoo.com Article History Received: October 29 ,2020 Accepted: December 25 ,2020 Published: January 23 ,2021 Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause a wide range of infections in individuals; they are common nosocomial infections that have recently become difficult to treat because of the increased emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The present study aimed to determine and compare the minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin alone and in combination with cetirizine against Escherichia coli strains isolated from hospitalized patients with UTI. Materials & Methods: This study was performed on 76 E. coli strains isolated from a total of 103 samples of patients admitted to three hospitals in Gonbad-e Kavus. Kirby Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution tests were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin alone and in combination with cetirizine according to CLSI M100-S25 (2015) criteria. Findings: Evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin-cetirizine combination against E. coli isolates showed that none were able to grow at a concentration of 8 μg/mL. The concentration of gentamicin in combination with cetirizine, inhibiting 90% of E. coli isolates (MIC90), was 4 μg/mL, which was 16 times lower than that of gentamicin alone (MIC90= 64 μg/mL) (p=.02). Conclusion: Gentamicin in combination with cetirizine was found to be more potent in inhibiting E. coli isolates than gentamicin alone. Therefore, the results of this study could provide a clear perspective for dealing with drug-resistant pathogens. Copyright© 2021, TMU Press. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. 10.29252/iem.7.1.37","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80064740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Effect of Matricaria chamomilla Alcoholic Extract against Drug-Resistant Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"A. Azari, A. Danesh","doi":"10.52547/IEM.7.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/IEM.7.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"CITATION LINKS A R T I C L E I N F O Article Type Original Research Authors Ania Ahani Azari, PhD1* Ahmad Danesh, PhD1 How to cite this article Ahani Azari A., Danesh A. Antibacterial Effect of Matricaria chamomilla Alcoholic Extract against Drug-Resistant Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2021;7(1): 29-35 1Department of Microbiology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran 2Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran * Correspondence Address: Department of Microbiology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran. ania_783@yahoo.com Article History Received: October 25 ,2020 Accepted: December 15 ,2020 Published: January 23 ,2021 Background: This study aimed to determine antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical specimens. Materials & Methods: The plant samples were collected, and the flowers and leaves were separated and dried completely in the shade. After grinding, extraction was performed using the maceration method. The extracts of both flowers and leaves were dried at 37°C for 24 hrs. About 500 mg of the dried plant extract was dissolved in 10 mL of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and sterilized by filtration through a 0.45 μm membrane filter. For the antibacterial assay, agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used. Findings: No inhibitory effect was observed for both extracts against MDR P. aeruginosa isolates in agar well diffusion method. In broth microdilution method, the leaves extract showed inhibitory effect, and its MIC and MBC were determined at 12.5 and 25 mg/mL concentrations, respectively. The flowers extract showed antibacterial activity against most MRSA isolates. The extract of leaves demonstrated inhibitory effect on 7 MRSA isolates. The MIC and MBC of flowers extract were determined at concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL for most MRSA isolates, while MIC and MBC of leaves extract were 12.5 and 25 mg/mL for a few MRSA isolates, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the ethanolic extract of chamomile leaves showed antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa isolates; meanwhile, the flowers extract showed better activity against MRSA isolates. Copyright© 2021, TMU Press. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. 10.29252/iem.7.1.29","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76872923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of Cryptosporidium in Domestic Fowl in Shahrekord, Iran","authors":"M. Karimi-Dehkordi, M. Gholami-Ahangaran, Akram Ghahramani-Chermahini","doi":"10.52547/IEM.7.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/IEM.7.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"CITATION LINKS A R T I C L E I N F O Article Type Original Research Authors Maryam Karimi-Dehkordi, PhD1 Majid Gholami-Ahangaran, PhD1* Akram Ghahramani-Chermahini, MSc2 How to cite this article Karimi Dehkordi M., Gholami-Ahangaran M., Ghahremani-Chermini A. Molecular Detection of Cryptosporidium in Domestic Fowl in Shahrekord, Iran. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology. 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. 2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. * Correspondence Address: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. Mgholami6@gmail.com Article History Received: October 05 ,2020 Accepted: December 25 ,2020 Published: January 23 ,2021 Background: Cryptosporidium is one of the most important pathogenic parasites in poultry because it is a zoonotic parasite, and birds and other infected animals could be a potential threat to public health. The main purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of Cryptosporidium infection in domestic fowl in Shahrekord by PCR method. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 fecal samples were collected from fowls referred to the Veterinary Clinic of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch. After DNA extraction, the samples were examined by PCR, and the frequency of infection in different genders and seasons was analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Findings: Out of 110 samples, %13.64) 15) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. The rate of Cryptosporidium infection in the females was %12.85 and in the males was %15. The results also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between two sexes (male and female) regarding the prevalence of Cryptosporidium, while the frequency of infection in cold seasons (%22.22) was significantly higher than in warm seasons (%7.69). Conclusion: Fowls could be considered as one of the important reservoirs of Cryptosporidium infection for humans. Copyright© 2021, TMU Press. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. 10.29252/iem.7.1.53","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80919419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Vitro Antifungal Activity of Nano Encapsulated Caprylic Acid and EFG1 Gene Expression Profile in Candida albicans","authors":"Reyhaneh Zarimeidani, Shahla Roudbar mohammadi‎, M. Roudbary, F. Nikoomanesh, Peyman Aslani, Sanaz Yaalimadad","doi":"10.52547/iem.7.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.7.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Article Type Original Research Authors Reyhaneh Zarimeidani, MSc1 Shahla RoudbarMohammadi, PhD1* Maryam Roudbary, PhD2 Fatemeh Nikoomanesh, PhD3 Peyman Aslani, PhD4 Sanaz Yaalimadad, MSc1 How to cite this article Zarimeidani R., RoudbarMohammadi Sh., Roudbary M., Nikoomanesh F., Aslani P., Yaalimadad S. In-Vitro Antifungal Activity of Nano Encapsulated Caprylic Acid and EFG1 Gene Expression Profile in Candida albicans. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2021;7(3): 229-236 1Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 4Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences * Correspondence Address: Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Sh.Mohammadi@modares.ac.ir Article History Received:April 25 2021 Accepted: June 05 ,2021 Published: July 20 ,2021 Backgrounds: Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida species, the discovery of new antifungal agents with minimum side effects is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of caprylic acid and nano-encapsulated caprylic acid against C. albicans as well as their effect on the expression of EFG1 gene. Materials & Methods: In this laboratory trial study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of caprylic acid and nano-encapsulated caprylic acid against C. albicans was evaluated at various concentrations (400-625 and 1.3-50 μL/mL, respectively). Real time-PCR was performed to assess the expression level of EFG1 gene. Cytotoxicity effect of caprylic acid and nano-encapsulated caprylic acid was evaluated on SW480 cell line using MTT test. Findings: Antifungal activity findings displayed that MIC90 and MIC50 values of caprylic acid were 500 and 450 μg/mL, respectively, whereas MIC90 and MIC50 values of nano-encapsulated caprylic acid were 6.2 and 3.1 μg/mL, respectively. The expression of EFG1 gene significantly decreased in the groups treated with caprylic acid and nano-encapsulated caprylic acid compared to the control group. According to the cytotoxicity evaluation findings, the viability of cells treated with caprylic acid was significantly higher than that of cells exposed to nanoencapsulated caprylic acid. Conclusions: According to the obtained results, nano-encapsulated caprylic acid successfully inhibited C. albicans growth at a lower concentration compared to caprylic acid. Overall, it was found that nano-encapsulated caprylic acid is a promising antifungal agent against Candida species; however, further studies are needed to be performed about nano-encapsulation of caprylic acid. Copyright© 2021, TMU Press. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommerci","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90643676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Detection of Bovine Rotavirus (BRV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) virus in Diarrheic Stool Samples: A Comparative Study of Molecular and Serological approaches","authors":"M. Ranjbar, Soode Enayati, M. Lotfi, A. Yousefi, S. M. Azimi, Seyed Reza Mousavi, S. Yazdansetad, G. Karimi","doi":"10.29252/IEM.7.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IEM.7.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"CITATION LINKS A R T I C L E I N F O Article Type Original Research Authors Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar, PhD1* Soodeh Enayati, MSc2 Mohsen Lotfi, PhD1 Ali Reza Yousefi, PhD1 Seyed Mahmoud Azimi, PhD1 Seyed Reza Mousavi, PhD1 Sajjad Yazdansetad, PhD3 Gholamreza Karimi, PhD1 How to cite this article Ranjbar M.M., Enayati S., Lotfi M., Yousefi A.R., Azimi S.M., Mousavi S.R., Yazdansetad S., Karimi Gh.R. Simultaneous Detection of Bovine Rotavirus (BRV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) virus in Diarrheic Stool Samples: A Comparative Study of Molecular and Serological approaches. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2021;7(1): 17-28 1 Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IR Iran 2 Department of Biotechnology Research and Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran 3 Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran * Correspondence Address: Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Beheshti Ave., Hesarak, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran. Tel: +989163033597 mm.ranjbar.phd@gmail.com Article History Received: October 05 ,2020 Accepted: November 15 ,2020 Published: January 23 ,2021 Background: Calf scours (diarrhea) in unweaned calves play a major role in economic losses of animal farming industry worldwide. The present study was conducted to investigate and interpret the presence of BRV, BVDV, and Escherichia coli K99 by molecular and serological approaches simultaneously. Materials & Methods: A total of 73 E. coli-negative diarrheic fecal samples were collected from one-week to less than one-month-old calves of Holstein dairy cattle herds of some provinces of Iran during autumn and winter. The samples were directed to antigen detection by ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay), RNA extraction by semi-manual approach, and cDNA synthesis for PCR amplification. Findings: Out of 73 calves’ diarrheic fecal samples, 28 (38.3%) and 1 (1.36%) were positive for BRV and BVDR by ELISA, respectively. However, 31 (42.4%) samples were positive for BRV and non for BVDV by RT-PCR. The Kappa coefficient showed significant differences in BRV and BVDR detection between ELISA and RT-PCR methods. The distribution of the BRV-positive samples among bovine diarrheic calves was 80, 52.6, and 50% in Eslamshahr, Qazvin, and Hamedan, respectively. Conclusion: ELISA and RT-PCR indicated high prevalence rate of BRV in autumn and winter, respectively. The present study results showed that positive cases detected by RT-PCR were more than those detected by ELISA. Further studies are needed to achieve a comprehensive preventive and therapeutic strategy to address diarrhea bovine pathogens. Copyright© 2021, TMU Press. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons ","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90850389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of a Pregnant Woman during the Pandemic of COVID-19: A Review","authors":"A. Nabizadeh, M. Ravanshad, E. Ahmadi, Haniyeh Olad, H. Bagheri, Monireh Hosseini","doi":"10.52547/IEM.7.1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/IEM.7.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In late December 2019, a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pneumonia, began to spread from Wuhan, China. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently threatening the world’s public health and so far, no specific and effective treatment has been found for the disease. Due to the physiological changes in the body of pregnant women during pregnancy, the occurrence of infection in pregnant women could affect the health of both mother and her fetus. The present paper aimed to study the findings related to the effects of coronavirus on pregnant women and their fetuses during pregnancy, diagnostic methods, care protocols in pregnant women, and postpartum care. Methods: The information included in this review was extracted from articles, published protocols, and valid statistics. In this study, articles indexed in Latin databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus), clinical protocols, and reports of reputable health organizations from January to august 2020 were reviewed using a combination of the following keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnant woman, and pregnancy. Conclusion: Due to the global prevalence of this virus, protocols and health care should be applied for pregnant women in accordance with other people. It is also necessary to take preventive measures at the community level. In this regard, the management of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection is of particular importance during the pandemic period of the disease. However, more extensive studies are required to validate these principles. This review summarized the precautions that should be taken before and after delivery. © 2021, TMU Press.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90396536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiological Study of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Tehran, Iran","authors":"Z. Tabanejad, S. Darvish, Z. Borjian Boroujeni, Seyed Saeed Asadi, Morteza Mesri, O. Raiesi, M. Getso, M. Zareei","doi":"10.52547/iem.7.2.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.7.2.121","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread to all countries of the world, including Iran. Although anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may be identified in patients using immunological methods with sufficient sensitivity and specificity, the conclusive diagnosis of the disease is made using the molecular RT-PCR method. A population-based seroepidemiological survey was conducted to quantify the proportion of the exposed population with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and evaluate whether the antibodies are a marker of total or partial immunity compared to the population that remains susceptible to the virus. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Valiasr, Sajad, and Ghaem hospitals in Tehran, the capital of Iran, from April to the end of October 2020. Clotted and heparinized blood specimens (2mL) were collected from the patients. The serum and plasma were separated and stored at −80 °C until use. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were examined in the serum samples of 1375 in-patients admitted to the hospitals using ELISA kits. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software Ver.22.0 by employing statistical tests such as Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. A p-value <.05 was considered as significant. Findings: In total, 1375 participants were enrolled in this study, and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies were detected in 291 patients using IgM‐IgG antibody assay. Among the seropositive patients studied, 187 were male (64.3%), and 104 were female (35.7%) (p<.05). The mean age of the patients was 49±8.4 years;the majority of whom (27%) were in the age group of 31-40 years. Also, the lowest frequency of infected cases was related to the age group of 1-10 years (p <.05). The seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM or IgG antibodies was determined to be 21.2%. Diabetes mellitus was the most common underlying disease among SARS‐CoV‐2 patients [p=.05;Odd Ratio=1.61(0.90-2.91)]. Conclusion: The use of conventional serological assays, such as the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), for detecting specific IgM and IgG antibodies in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients has a high-throughput advantage while minimizing false-negative results obtained using the RT-PCR method. In this study, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was determined to be 21%. Control of diabetes, among other influential factors, plays an important role in the management and control of COVID-19. © 2021, TMU Press.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72955949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV: Interest in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Serotherapy Development Using Dromedary Serum","authors":"A. Jaafari, S. Lekchiri, H. Zahir, M. Ellouali, A. Badou, H. Latrache","doi":"10.52547/iem.7.2.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.7.2.161","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: A potential cross-immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV could lead to the development of a serodiagnostic test and/or serotherapy against SARS-CoV-2 using dromedary camel anti MERS-CoV serum. Materials & Methods: Epidemiological and 66 literature data, of which 35 have been published during 2015-2021, and findings were analysed. Findings: According to the statistical data reported during COVID-19 pandemic, there are less cases and deaths associated with COVID-19 in countries known for dromedary breeding and the circulation of MERS-CoV (another betacoronavirus disease transmitted by dromedary camels) among humans and dromedaries. This observation and the similarity in genome and immunopathogenicity between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, suggest that individuals who have been in contact with MERS-CoV infected dromedaries and/or consumed their products (milk, meat, urine) might have acquired an immunity protecting them against SARS-CoV-2. In addition to neutralizing antibodies, this immunity could also be due to complement proteins, chemokines, and especially antimicrobial peptides (AMP), known for their effect on enveloped viruses. Conclusion: Most research has focused on vaccines as a solution to stop the pandemic, while serotherapy hasn’t significantly aroused the interest of researchers. This potential cross-immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV could lead to the development of a serodiagnostic test and/or serotherapy against SARS-CoV-2 using dromedary camel anti MERS-CoV serum. © 2021, TMU Press.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"37 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74098201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical Distribution of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases in Iran: A Short Communication","authors":"Moslem Taheri Soodejani, H. Shoraka, S. Tabatabaei","doi":"10.52547/IEM.7.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/IEM.7.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Iran, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 disease were detected with the death of 2 people in Qom city. Then other cases were reported in Markazi, Tehran, and Gilan provinces, and after that the disease spread to all 31 provinces of the country. Materials and Methods: All data used in this study were collected from the reports of the National Committee on COVID-19 Epidemiology in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. To investigate the effect of traveling between neighboring provinces, a spatial rate smoothing method was used, showing the impact of neighborhood on the disease prevalence. Also, to investigate the relationship between population density and disease prevalence, spatial regression was used at a significance level of 5%. Findings: Based on the estimated spatial rates, the disease prevalence rates changed in many provinces compared to the raw prevalence rates. Population density was also found to be directly related to the disease prevalence, so that with increasing population density, the disease prevalence rate increased (p <.001). Conclusion: It seems that case finding process should be done actively in all provinces of Iran regardless of administrative borders. Provinces should also be classified in terms of the disease transmission risk according to population density of patients, which may indicate the probability of contact between individuals. © 2021, TMU Press. Tonal License which per.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91210013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiological Prevalence of Human Brucellosis in Gorgan and Dasht, Iran","authors":"L. Fozouni, Zeynab Teimori","doi":"10.29252/IEM/6.4.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IEM/6.4.277","url":null,"abstract":"performed on taken frequency of the disease was significantly higher in the summer. The incidence rate of the disease was significantly associated with season, history of contact with livestock, and the type of dairy product consumed ( p <.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of brucellosis is higher in rural areas of Gorgan, particularly among farmers and livestock keepers. Providing training and raising awareness of these individuals as well as developing strategic health plans regarding the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products could help reduce the incidence of brucellosis.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84548889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}