Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta最新文献

{"title":"FOLK MEDICINE OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY","authors":"N. Mazalova","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-96-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-96-103","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the folk medical knowledge of the Russian North in the second half of the 20th century, which includes several subsystems.The studied issues of folk medical knowledge as a complex of rational and magical practices, as well as the processes of its formation, belong to the sphere of fundamental science and at the same time are among the topical issues of our time, in particular, the problems of knowledge. The work was carried out mainly by the method of field research and was based on the author's field materials collected on the basis of several expeditions to the Russian North. The study of the topic of folk medical knowledge of the Russian North, which has not been the subject of a separate study so far, determined the novelty of the work. The study revealed the inextricable links between the rational and magical components of folk medical knowledge, as well as ways to transfer and preserve folk medical knowledge. The following conclusions were made during the study. Throughout the twentieth century. Traditional medicine occupied an important place in the life of the population of the Russian North. Folk medical knowledge of the Russian North is a synthesis of archaic mythological ideas and rational ones. Folk medicine in the Russian North in the 20th century. remained in demand, because it satisfied an important social order - the preservation of health and the treatment of diseases, and official medicine could not fully satisfy the needs of the inhabitants of the northern Russian villages. The bearers of folk medical knowledge were elderly women who were the keepers of traditional knowledge, and they passed it on to the younger ones. The mechanisms of transmission, perception, mastery of folk medical knowledge developed in traditional culture have been preserved to this day.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47924228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEFENSE THEMES IN SOVIET FILMS AND ANIMATION OF THE 1930S.","authors":"A. Kozyryanov","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-72-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-72-82","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with Soviet defense films of the 1930s as part of a general ideological trend. On the example of defense films, the author traces the importance of mobilization themes in Soviet propaganda in the second half of the 1930s. The role of defense themes in Soviet art of the 1930s is clearly traced. In the 1930s, in the Soviet Union, attempts were made to turn cinema into the main instrument of ideology and propaganda. Defense films emphasize the methods of Soviet propaganda. The author analyzes the quantitative indicators of produced films, in particular, the percentage of defense films in the total production of films in the 1930s. This article proves the paramount importance of the defense theme and agenda in the Soviet propaganda of the 1930s. In addition, the author considers historical films of the second half of the 1930s, as well as anti-fascist films of the same period, as films that perform defense functions. On the basis of the reviewed material, the author concludes that military and defense themes and moods dominated the Soviet ideology and propaganda of the period under study. Thus, all the most important ideological trends can be traced in cinematography. On the example of defense and historical films, key elements of Soviet ideology and propaganda of the 1930s are traced.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46593510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG IN CONTEXT OF BURGUNDA-IMPERIAL RELATIONS 1438–1443","authors":"D. Cherkasov","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-146-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-146-153","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the diplomatic struggle for the Duchy of Luxembourg, which unfolded in 1438–1443 between the Duke of Burgundy, Philip III the Good, and the heirs of the House of Luxembourg. Not only representatives of the two dynasties were drawn into the conflict, but also a number of the most influential princes of the empire, such as Frederick III of Habsburg, the Archbishop of Trier, the Dukes of Saxony. Lacking direct rights to inherit Luxembourg, the Duke of Burgundy was able to offer its proprietress, Elisabeth de Görlitz, who held the duchy as a pledge, more favorable terms than William III of Saxony and the Archbishop of Trier, Jacques de Sirk. Philip the Good managed to achieve the neutrality of Emperor Frederick III and and win the trust of part of the Luxembourgish nobility. The entry into the duchy of Saxon contingents under the command of Count von Gleichen prevented the Duke of Burgundy from taking control of Luxembourg in 1442. Negotiations that took place during 1442-1443. did not result in an agreement between the parties. Despite the fact that by 1443 the Saxons controlled most of the duchy, Burgundian diplomacy managed to create the legal preconditions for the conquest of Luxembourg.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46868204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PETROGRAD CONFERENCE OF THE ALLIES IN 1917 AS A STAGE OF COOPERATION ON THE EVE OF THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA","authors":"S. Kosarev, M. A. Bondarev","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-83-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-83-89","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the conference of the Allies, which took place in Petrograd in early 1917, on the eve of the February Revolution. This conference was one of the last stages of serious cooperation between the member countries of the Entente and Russia. The article is an attempt to analyze the tasks of the French, British and Russian delegations, which largely determined their positions at this meeting. Each side pursued its own goals. The tasks of the allies were, first of all, to confirm the common interests of the members of the Entente, to coordinate the actions of the military command, and most importantly, to encourage Russia to start new active military operations on the Eastern Front as soon as possible. The goal of Russia, which confirmed its loyalty to its allied duty, was, first of all, to receive the maximum possible volume of military-technical assistance from partners in the alliance. In addition, the allies were very interested in the general state of affairs in Russia, the mood of the elites and the prospects for the development of political life in Russia. The paper examines the course of negotiations, notes the main issues and problems that caused the most heated discussions, summarizes the results of the conference, which determined the further prospects for cooperation between the allies in the framework of the 1917 campaign of the First World War.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42099567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POLICE SURVEILLANCE OR METHODS OF WORKING WITH «POLITICALLY UNRELIABLE PERSONS» IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX- EARLY XX CENTURIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KURSK PROVINCE)","authors":"K. A. Zarubina","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-57-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-57-62","url":null,"abstract":"Using the example of the Kursk province, the article examines the main methods of government work with persons with dubious «political reliability», «potential» and «real» political criminals in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. This paper examines the types (investigative, judicial and administrative) of police supervision. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the public and secret (secret) modes of police surveillance. During the period under review, persons who, by their behavior, gave any reason for distrust (in political terms) were subject to secret (secret) supervision. Persons whose «political unreliability» was established «officially» were subordinated to public police supervision, but the decision of the authorities recognized that stricter measures of state coercion could not be applied to these persons to correct them. The study also provides grounds for establishing supervision over persons with questionable «political reliability», describes the mechanisms of interaction between different departments of the Kursk province that monitor the political situation in the region, the activities of «potential», «real» political criminals. At the end of the study, conclusions were drawn about the role of police surveillance (both public and secret) in the system of punitive and protective measures.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47065539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMISSION ON CULTS UNDER THE PRESIDIUM OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE IN 1929-1930","authors":"V. Egorov","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-46-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-46-56","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the work of the Commission on Cults under the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in 1929–1930. The research topic is relevant, because. Currently, there is a rethinking of the Soviet experience of interaction between state power and the Russian Orthodox Church in the Soviet period of our history. The purpose of the study is to analyze the work of the Commission on Cult Issues and to understand its role in the development of the anti-religious policy of the Soviet government. This article examines the problems faced by the commission in resolving issues related to the interaction of the authorities, the population and the church. A great contribution to the study of the activities of the Commission on Cults was made by O.B. Prikazchikova, A.S. Kochetova, A.L. Ershov. The merit of these authors lies in the fact that they analyzed the statistical aspect of the commission's work. The main emphasis in their articles is placed on the period from 1931 to 1935. This article examines in detail the period of work of the commission from 1929 to 1930. A new substantive aspect of the commission's work is considered. The methodology of this article includes the historical-diachronic method, which made it possible to understand the internal laws of the development of the political course of the Soviet government in relation to the Russian Orthodox Church and clergy. The comparative historical method made it possible to compare some aspects of the policy of the state power of the Russian Empire and the Soviet government in relation to the Orthodox Church. The structural-system method made it possible to study the genesis of the policy of the Soviet government on the issue of its interaction with the Russian Orthodox Church in its entirety and in certain aspects. As a result of the study, it was possible to study the complaints and petitions received by the commission, the reaction of the commission members to these citizens' appeals. The activity of the chairman of the commission of the Soviet state and party leader P.G. Smidovich. In this study, archival materials from the collections of the State Archives of the Russian Federation (GA RF) are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The materials and conclusions contained in the study may be useful for teaching the \"History of Russia\", in the preparation of textbooks, special courses on the history of interaction between the Soviet government and the Russian Orthodox Church. The Commission made decisions regarding the Russian Orthodox Church and clergy in accordance with the current legislation of the USSR at that time. However, this legislation itself was aimed at excluding the church from social and political life and the complete eradication of faith from the minds of citizens.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47180290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROBLEMS OF MEDICAL CARE IN PSKOV PROVINCE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY","authors":"V.A. Koshelkov","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-90-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-90-95","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the history of medical care to the population of Pskov province in the first half of the XIX century. The picture of medical care for residents of the Pskov province was restored thanks to the analysis of a wide range of documents deposited in the files of the funds of the State Archive of the Pskov Region and the Russian State Historical Archive. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that its topic is poorly developed not only at the regional, but also at the all-Russian level. The appeal to this problem made it possible to identify diseases that acquired the scope of epidemics within the Pskov province in the first half of the XIX century. Using individual examples, the author examined the policy of the central and provincial authorities to combat the cholera epidemic in the social space of the Pskov province. The paper also presents the facts of the spread of other diseases, for example, nettle fever and intestinal infection. The author formulated the key features of the healthcare system of the Pskov province in the first half of the XIX century, made conclusions about the low level of organization of medical care. This article will allow us to form an idea not only about the history of medical care of the population in the Russian province, but also about the history of everyday life of the people.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49662752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«THE WILD MAN» ARCHETYPE AS PERCEIVED BY NATIVE AMERICANS BY EUROPEANS: FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE EARLY MODERN AGE","authors":"A. Fedin, E. Yanenko","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-140-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-140-145","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery and exploration of the Americas in the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries \"archaised\" the consciousness of Europeans, awakening ancient myths and archetypes associated with them, which in turn influenced their perception and understanding of the indigenous inhabitants of the New World. The image of the \"savage\" was based on the ancient archetype of the \" wild man\", which became the \"alter ego\" of civilized and cultured Europeans. The image of the \"savage\" was based on the ancient archetype of the \"savage man\", which became the \"alter ego\" of the civilised and cultural European. The activation of this archetype as a result of the exploration of America finally constructed a coordinate system whose dichotomies still largely determine the Western worldview: civilization and barbarism, progress and regress, true faith/ideology/science and paganism/ignorance. From this point of view, it is interesting to examine the forms that the \"savage\" archetype took at different times of contact between Europeans and American Indians, in this case comparing the perception of the natives of North East North America (Woodland) by Vikings in the 10th to 11th centuries and by French colonists and missionaries in the 16th to 18th centuries. Stereotypes of \"barbarism\", \"rudeness\", \"lust\" and other anti-social qualities were the basis on which Europeans began to have direct contact with the Native Americans. At the same time, as relations developed and native cultures and ways of life were understood, a new perception of the \"savage\" was born, combining both the initial negativism and the positive traits that emerged. The result was the emergence of peculiar \"hybrid\" images.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46417226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PALYNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE OKHLEBININSKY I SETTLEMENT CULTURAL LAYER","authors":"G. Obydennova, A. S. Protsenko, R. Kurmanov","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-113-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-113-124","url":null,"abstract":"The work is dedicated to the publication of materials from one of the settlement objects of the Okhlebininsky archaeological complex, located in the Iglinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan and belonging to the Kara-Abyz archaeological culture of the early Iron Age. A brief outline of the current state of the study of archaeological sites in the survey area is given. The results of complex archaeological and palynological studies of the cultural strata of the Okhlebininsky I settlement are considered, and the settlement's citadel deposits are studied in detail. As a result of the analysis of the spore-pollen composition of the deposits of the cultural layer, four representative spore-pollen spectra, which describe the existence of forest-steppe and forest landscapes, were obtained. The stages of change of vegetation and climate during the functioning of the settlement are characterized. Materials obtained from the citadel of the settlement testify that the Ubalar population begins to develop the site of the monument at the turn of the eras. The materials from the neighboring cape allow us to suggest that this site was developed earlier than the site of the Okhlebininsky I settlement, as evidenced by ceramic material. The findings of a numerous elevating cape confined to the side of the ravine and the material obtained from the pit 6 actualize the continuation of the research in the adjacent territory.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41950557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NORTH AMERICAN COLONYS OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND THE PROBLEM OF ENSURING THEIR SECURITY IN THE 1960S 19TH CENTURY","authors":"E. Simonenko","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-125-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-125-131","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the process of transformation of the principles of Imperial defense in the North American colonies of the British Empire. It limits the chronological scope of the work to the 60s. XIX century, when the colonial possessions of Britain in North America received the status of a dominion, which assumed self-government, including in the field of defense. It traces the genesis of the idea of mutual obligations in the field of defense between the mother country and the North American colonies in the first half of the 19th century. It studies the strategic plans for the defense of Canadian territory, developed by British government and military experts at various levels. It formulates the views of W. Gladstone, which determined the policy of Imperial defense throughout the whole decade. It pays particular attention to the transformation of the maritime aspect of Imperial defense and its consequences for the North American colonies. It characterizes 60s 19th century by a weakening of the Anglocentric model of building relations with the North American colonies, where all the full obligations to ensure their security were assigned to the mother country. Henceforth, the colonies were to be responsible for the land defense of their territories. Thus, by the end of the 60s. 19th century finally took shape the trend of transition to the principle of mutual control and collective responsibility in the field of Imperial defense.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42948360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}