ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PALYNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE OKHLEBININSKY I SETTLEMENT CULTURAL LAYER

Abstract

The work is dedicated to the publication of materials from one of the settlement objects of the Okhlebininsky archaeological complex, located in the Iglinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan and belonging to the Kara-Abyz archaeological culture of the early Iron Age. A brief outline of the current state of the study of archaeological sites in the survey area is given. The results of complex archaeological and palynological studies of the cultural strata of the Okhlebininsky I settlement are considered, and the settlement's citadel deposits are studied in detail. As a result of the analysis of the spore-pollen composition of the deposits of the cultural layer, four representative spore-pollen spectra, which describe the existence of forest-steppe and forest landscapes, were obtained. The stages of change of vegetation and climate during the functioning of the settlement are characterized. Materials obtained from the citadel of the settlement testify that the Ubalar population begins to develop the site of the monument at the turn of the eras. The materials from the neighboring cape allow us to suggest that this site was developed earlier than the site of the Okhlebininsky I settlement, as evidenced by ceramic material. The findings of a numerous elevating cape confined to the side of the ravine and the material obtained from the pit 6 actualize the continuation of the research in the adjacent territory.