Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta最新文献

{"title":"UPPER VOLGA REGIONS AND INTERREGIONAL COOPERATION IN THE USSR (1960-1980S)","authors":"Yury S. Nikiforov","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-111-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-111-118","url":null,"abstract":"The central concept of the study is interregional interaction. The article discusses the main forms of interregional cooperation in the late USSR. The interregional cooperation of the institutions of power in the USSR in the 1960s-1980s is analyzed. The features of interregional communication of the leading personnel of the Upper Volga regions of the RSFSR (Ivanovo, Kostroma, Yaroslavl) are studied. Attention is paid to the consideration of significant \"horizontal\" links (\"region-region\" line) in interregional interaction. The corpus of sources includes declassified archival documents from the State Archives of the Ivanovo Region (GAIO), the State Archives of Contemporary History of the Kostroma Region (GANIKO), official regulatory documents, data from oral history and scientific literature. The article states that in the 1960s-1980s. there was an increase in interregional communication based on production chains. It is emphasized that there was an increase in contacts between the Upper Volga regions and various regions of the USSR, including the union republics (Belarus, Uzbekistan, Ukraine). It is concluded that the interregional interaction of the Upper Volga regions was influenced by three factors: economic, ideological, personal.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47452046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GENERAL PURGE OF THE RCP (B) IN 1921 (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE BRYANSK PROVINCE)","authors":"A. V. Zhuravskaia","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-59-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-59-66","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of extraordinary personnel policy measure - the general purges in 1921. On the materials of Bryansk province the activity of the commission for checking and purging the Party personnel is shown. The reasons for exclusion from the party and data on the social structure of the excluded, withdrawn and dropped out are given. Attention is paid to their labor activity, behavior in society and attitude to the Soviet power. The documents show that many expelled from he Party did not seek to return to the Party ranks. Mostly those who held responsible positions (employees) showed a desire to restore their lost status. At the same time, it was noted that party members often remained unaware of their party status for some time, which caused a passive and irresponsible attitude to work. Nevertheless, in the course of the purge, an inventory of members of the provincial organization was carried out and the party members with \"corrupting\" influence in the region were found. The introduced into the scientific turnover archival materials and periodicals make it possible to consider the peculiarities and results of the purge of the party ranks in Bryansk province.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47692704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FBI VS. AFRICAN AMERICANS (BASED ON COINTELPRO PROGRAM DOCUMENTS)","authors":"A. Zakirov","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-67-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-67-78","url":null,"abstract":"Today we are witnessing how various US intelligence agencies are engaged in espionage activities around the world. However, US citizens have been subjected to the most sophisticated methods of persecution in history. Using the example of the FBI's COINTELPRO program (carried out from 1956 to 1971), directed against activists of the African-American civil rights movement, the article examines the FBI's activities to protect the socio-political foundations of American society, which cannot be called anything but segregational and racist. The author showed how the US government influenced key figures of the civil rights movement in the USA, such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and activists of the Black Panthers party through the FBI COINTELPRO program. The consequences of the program are considered, including restrictions on civil liberties, trust in the government and institutional violation of the rights of African Americans. The relationship between the latter phenomenon and earlier phenomena of discrimination against the rights of the \"Colored People\" of the United States, such as abolitionism and segregation, is carried out. The article analyzes the impact of the FBI's COINTELPRO program on modern times, including its reflection on modern legal norms, counterintelligence measures and public opinion about government surveillance. The study of the FBI's COINTELPRO program is important for understanding the complex relationship between government and civil society.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48049495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON THE ISSUE OF CENSORSHIP: THE CONCEPT, THE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY, HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF CENSORSHIP ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS IN THE PERIOD OF 1905 – 1917.","authors":"E.P. Tsumarava","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-126-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-126-135","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the multidimensional nature of the concept of censorship. Among the methods of censorship research, the emphasis was placed on a systematic approach. The works of native and foreign authors on the development of the censorship system in the Russian Empire and its part – censorship on the territory of Belarus in 1905 – 1917 are considered. The aim is to reveal the concept of \"censorship\", the importance of a systematic approach in its study, to highlight the poorly studied areas of censorship in the historiography of the issue. As a result of the research, the author came to the conclusion that at the present stage of the development of knowledge, censorship is perceived as a multidimensional phenomenon, with the attribute of dichotomy and contradictions: on the one hand, censorship is characterized by the suppression of dissent, on the other hand, it is in many ways a measure of freedom of speech and thought. The censorship apparatus is part of censorship and functions as a state regulatory body. From the standpoint of a systematic approach, the author perceives censorship as a system with many components, interrelations between them, its own structure, internal and external environment, equilibrium and non-equilibrium states. Non-equilibrium states of censorship in the studied period are characteristic for the territory of Belarus in 1905, 1907 and in 1917. Censorship was at bifurcation points, in a state of duality, uncertainty and the possibility of several outcomes. The interdependence of public mood and actions with changes in censorship, the influence of the internal and external environment found special expression in these periods. The study revealed that there has been no comprehensive study of censorship on the territory of Belarus in 1905 – 1917 either in native or foreign historiography; therefore there is a need for a detailed development of the functioning of the censorship apparatus, the study of the practice of censoring publications in the period under study.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48564122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESEARCH BY ETHNOGRAPH V.A. FALEYEVA OF THE PEASANT COSTUME COMPLEX IN THE PERIOD FROM 1965 - 1971","authors":"M. Bolshakov","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-34-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-34-44","url":null,"abstract":"The article pays special attention to the clothing of the peasant population in the second half of the XIX – first half of the XX centuries on the territory of the Ryazan and Orel provinces. Many aspects that relate to the traditional costume of the Bryansk and Ryazan regions remain undisclosed today. The study allows us to trace the study of ethnographic material, which is extremely relevant for individual territories. The uniqueness of this work lies in basing the material on the personal correspondence of two ethnographers who made expeditions to the above-mentioned areas at different times. These ethnographic studies do not contradict, but complement each other, which makes it possible to create a more complete description and analysis of the peasant costume complex. The fund R-6710 of the State Archive of the Ryazan Region (GARO) has not previously been marked by the attention of researchers and is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the course of the research, the method of content analysis was used, as well as the method of comparison when studying the material delivered by N.I. Lebedeva in the 1920s. In the course of the work, a typological method was used. As a result, it was concluded that this source is important due to its informative nature. The letters reveal personal issues and can serve as important materials to fill in the blank spots in the biography of researchers. As a result of the work, it is possible to reconstruct the appearance of the peasants of the Bryansk and Ryazan regions in the first half of the XX century.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43775550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FIRST MANIFESTO OF AMERICAN ANGLO–ISRAELISM – THE ELECTION SERMON OF EZRA STILES (1783)","authors":"V.V. Prilutsky","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-119-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-119-125","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the ideology of Anglo-Israelism in the 1783 sermon «The United States has risen to glory and honor» by the American Congregationalist priest and scientist Ezra Stiles (1727-1795). The analysis of the political, religious, historical and philosophical ideas contained in it is carried out. It is shown that, despite the protection of constitutional rights and religious freedom, the author of the sermon defended the monarchy and was a supporter of the rule of an elected elite, an elected «democratic aristocracy». It seems that the principles of conservative Christianity advocated by Stiles were combined with support for the concept of «a City upon a Hill» in 1630, i.e. ideas about the God-chosen Puritans – the first settlers, who created the New Jerusalem or Zion in America. The author supported the pseudo-historical theory of the origin of ethnic groups. In the United States, he saw a «new Israel», chosen by God, called to command the conquered and subordinate «Canaanites» – the American aborigines. Europeans were considered descendants of the Biblical patriarch Japheth, which corresponded to the existing Christian tradition. In the Indians of the New World, related to the peoples of Siberia, he saw the descendants of representatives of the tribes, expelled by the ancient Israelites after the conquest of Palestine, described in the Bible and scattered throughout the world. In his opinion, the continued mass migration from Europe to America will lead to the decline of the Old World. Immigration will give a new impetus to the development, effective development and economic prosperity of the American continent, where the number of people of European origin will increase significantly. In the future, according to Stiles, there will allegedly be an extinction of races other than Caucasians (Indians and African Americans). Such ideas served as the rationale for American exceptionalism, Western-centrism, Eurocentrism and territorial expansion of the United States.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47750375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRANSFORMATION OF THE STRATEGY OF THE LABOUR PARTY IN THE PROGRAM DOCUMENTS OF 1918.","authors":"V. E. Bortulev","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-45-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-45-52","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to analyze the events that marked an important milestone in the evolution of the Labour Party, which is one of the key elements of the modern political system of Great Britain. The First World War led to a significant change in the balance of British political forces associated with the crisis of the Liberal Party, as well as the organizational and ideological consolidation of the socialist movement. An important basis of this process was the activity of Fabian societies. Scientific interest in this topic is due to the need for further comprehensive research of the evolution of the ideology of social reformism and the specifics of its manifestation in the socio-political practice of individual European states. The analysis of the decisions taken by the governing structures of the Labour Party in 1918 also makes it possible to expand the currently existing ideas in Russian and British historiography about the discussions taking place within the British political elite regarding ways and means of overcoming the complex of socio-economic problems that Britain faced as a result of the First World War. In addition, a comprehensive study of the program documents of the Labour Party of this period contributes to a deeper scientific understanding of the processes that took place within the British political system in the interwar decades.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45614110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BRITISH PRIME MINISTER FIGHT ROBERT WALPOLE WITH THE OPPOSITION IN THE 20S OF THE XVIII CENTURY.","authors":"Удк, Колмаков М.А, аспирант, Брянский, государственный университет, имени академика, И.Г. Пет, ровского Россия","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-79-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-79-90","url":null,"abstract":"Robert Walpole was first elected to Parliament in 1701. At the beginning of his political career he worked in many parliamentary committees. In 1721 Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. During the remainder of George I's reign, Walpole's influence steadily increased in the upper echelons of power. At this time, the principles of Walpole's interaction with the British crown, parliament and government were laid as part of the internal political struggle. The politician gradually consolidates his power at the government level, developing a new internal model of the state structure, which consisted in strengthening the power of the Whig group through a system of political control over the opposition in parliament and the ministry. The main goal of Walpole's domestic policy was to have MPs and ministers work in the interests of the Hanoverian dynasty, thereby distributing finances among their opponents in the Whig faction. In such realities, the political power of the opposition gradually decreased, and Walpole's influence over the king, parliament and ministries gradually increased. As a result, Walpole kept Parliament and the ministry on his side by supporting the Hanoverian dynasty, including through the introduction of low export duties and a reduction in the public debt. The activity of Robert Walpole was a reflection of the domestic policy of Great Britain in the 20s of the XVIII century, which showed the trends and moods that existed in the country.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42803134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TRAJECTORIES OF ONE-COURTYARD PEOPLE SETTLEMENT IN PUTIVL AND OREL COUNTIES","authors":"K. B. Kudlanov, R. O. Golubkov","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-91-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-91-101","url":null,"abstract":"The study is based on the analysis of previously unpublished sources of RGADA, and other narrative sources. In the article researchers from the middle of XVI-th century compared the places of exit of settlers at two service cities that were situated on the Tula defensive system: Oryol and Putivl. In the course of the study, the authors, distributing the exit points of all the service military classes of Putivl and Orel along the trajectories of settlement, established similarities and differences between them. The main difference was that these two counties were located on different river systems (Orel on the Okskaya river system, and Putivl – on the tributaries of the Desna River). This difference imposed its own characteristics on 4 common features between these counties, which the authors identified. The similarity consisted, firstly, in the predominance of the northern Great Russian migration flow. True, it flowed to Oryol from the cities of the Tula defensive line, and to Putivl – from places outside of Moscow. Secondly, in a strong neighborhood trajectory of settlement. Only in Orel it flowed from the advanced cities of the Tula defensive system, and in Putivl – from the northern cities. Thirdly, in the presence of the local population, the descendants of the vyatichi in Orel, and the sevryuki in Putivl. However, given that the last city did not cease to exist, the concentration of the local population within its county was stronger. The main similarity of the studied counties consisted in the methods of settlement, because both in Putivl and in Orel there were all 3 categories of service migrants: unauthorized migrants, resettled people in military service and the local population. As a result, the authors conclude that in Putivl and Orel districts the northern and local trajectories of settlement were the main ones, with the absolute dominance of the first, and the rest were auxiliary. Thus, the slight difference in the geolocation of the studied counties did not cancel the similarity of the general methods and features of the settlement of these areas from the middle of XVI century.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47679761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REFLECTION OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN RUSSIAN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS IN THE FOCUS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY","authors":"A. Antipov","doi":"10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-07-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-07-25","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the current state of the study of history textbooks, presents a historiographic review of materials on the coverage of the Great Patriotic War in the history textbooks of Russia in 1992–2020. In the modern world, textbooks, teaching aids and school programs are the key instruments of the state politics of memory. The Great Patriotic War has become one of the central objects of the historical memory of Russian society and one of the pillars of Russian identity, and therefore is actively used in all of the above tools of education and politics of memory. Two main areas of study of textbooks are singled out - as educational and as ideological texts. The ideological views of researchers and their own attitude to the Great Patriotic War and World War II, memory and politics of memory about them are revealed, which can be attributed to “patriotic”, “liberal” and corresponding to Western academic discourse. The assessment by scientists of textbooks of different years is considered, it is established that Russian textbooks received mixed, mostly positive assessments. Evaluation of textbooks depends on the ideological views of the scientist. The obvious insufficiency of studying the new line of domestic textbooks (after 2016) is noted, as well as the methodological limitations of the approaches to the analysis of educational texts existing in the literature. Such a study should combine the methods of narrative analysis and discourse analysis, pay attention to the methods of constructing historical myths and direct falsifications.","PeriodicalId":34506,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Brianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42543957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}