FS Reports最新文献

{"title":"The efficacy of medical management of leiomyoma-associated heavy menstrual bleeding: a mini review","authors":"Mariam Barseghyan M.D., M.S. ,&nbsp;Jennifer Chae-Kim M.D. ,&nbsp;William H. Catherino M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leiomyomas, or fibroids, are benign uterine tumors that are commonly associated with abnormal uterine bleeding-L particularly heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Treatment options include expectant, medical, image-guided, and surgical. Medical management of HMB is the preferred first-line treatment and includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, contraceptive hormones, tranexamic acid, levonorgestrel intrauterine system, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists and antagonists, selective progesterone receptor modulators, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and aromatase inhibitors. Although alternatives such as vitamins and supplements have been suggested, there is currently a lack of robust evidence of their efficacy. Many of these therapies treat the symptoms rather than the underlying pathology. Progestin-based therapies are the most commonly utilized, although research supporting their effectiveness in the treatment of HMB is modest. Although GnRH agonists and antagonists, which are federal drug administration-approved therapies, provide substantial improvement in abnormal uterine bleeding-L with HMB, the effects typically last for the duration of therapy. Patients may also face financial barriers to GnRH analog therapy. Future studies are required to delineate the nonhormonal treatment options and the long-term management of leiomyoma-associated HMB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334123001058/pdfft?md5=6d533b7017665d02569c4f2f6329546f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666334123001058-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does embryo biopsy, independent of vitrification, impact perinatal outcomes? An analysis of perinatal outcomes following preimplantation genetic testing biopsy in fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles","authors":"Kristin Van Heertum M.D. ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. DeVilbiss Ph.D. ,&nbsp;James Goldfarb M.D., M.B.A. ,&nbsp;Sunni L. Mumford Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Rachel Weinerman M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To compare neonatal outcomes in pregnancies resulting from embryos that have undergone preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) biopsy compared with no biopsy in both fresh and frozen embryo transfers (ETs) and determine whether findings are mediated by multiple births.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Retrospective cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Society of Assisted Reproductive Technologies-Clinical Outcomes Reporting System data, 2014–2015.</p></div><div><h3>Patients</h3><p>Autologous in vitro fertilization treatment cycles using fresh or frozen blastocyst ET, with or without PGT biopsy.</p></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><p>Not applicable.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>Large for gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age, and preterm delivery. Secondary outcomes included high birthweight, low birthweight, and clinical pregnancy measures. Outcomes were evaluated using log-binomial regression models with repeated measures. Models were used to estimate the controlled direct effects of biopsy on birth outcomes that were not mediated by multiple gestations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In fresh ET, biopsy was associated with an increase in LGA (relative risk [RR] 1.45, confidence interval [CI] 1.04–2.02) that persisted in the model mediated for multiple gestation (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01–1.83) but was not present in an analysis restricted to elective single ET (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.91–1.09). In frozen ET, there were no differences in any of the primary outcomes after accounting for multiple gestations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In a large multicenter database, there were no differences in neonatal outcomes after PGT biopsy in frozen ET cycles, and an increase in LGA was noted in fresh transfers that persisted even after accounting for multiple gestations but was not present in analysis restricted to elective single ET.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334124000059/pdfft?md5=59a92160a08621d4ae7d8f5197ff7ebe&pid=1-s2.0-S2666334124000059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancies conceived after infertility treatment: a population-based study in the United States, 2015–2020","authors":"Devika Sachdev M.D. ,&nbsp;Mark V. Sauer M.D., M.S. ,&nbsp;Cande V. Ananth Ph.D., M.P.H.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in singleton pregnancies conceived using infertility treatment and examine the influence of race and ethnicity as well as prepregnancy body mass index (BMI).</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Cross-sectional study using the US vital records data of women that delivered singleton births.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>United States, 2015–2020.</p></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><p>Any infertility treatment was divided into two groups: those that used fertility-enhancing drugs, artificial insemination, or intrauterine insemination, and those that used assisted reproductive technology (ART).</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures(s)</h3><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus, defined as a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, includes both diet-controlled GDM and medication-controlled GDM in singleton pregnancies conceived with infertility treatment or spontaneously and delivered between 20- and 44-weeks’ gestation. We also examined whether the infertility treatment-GDM association was modified by maternal race and ethnicity as well as prepregnancy BMI. Associations were expressed as a rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), derived from log-linear models after adjustment for potential confounders.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 21,943,384 singleton births were included, with 1.5% (n = 318,086) undergoing infertility treatment. Rates of GDM among women undergoing infertility treatment and those who conceived spontaneously were 11.0% (n = 34,946) and 6.5% (n = 1,398,613), respectively (adjusted RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.23, 1.26). The RRs were adjusted for maternal age, parity, education, race and ethnicity, smoking, BMI, chronic hypertension, and year of delivery. The risk of GDM was modestly increased for those using fertility-enhancing drugs (adjusted RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.27, 1.30) compared with ART (adjusted RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.17, 1.20), and this risk was especially apparent for non-Hispanic White women (adjusted RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.26, 1.31) and Hispanic women (adjusted RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.29, 1.41). The number of women who needed to be exposed to infertility treatment to diagnose one case of GDM was 46. Prepregnancy BMI did not modify the infertility treatment-GDM association overall and within strata of race and ethnicity. These general patterns were stronger after potential corrections for misclassification of infertility treatment and unmeasured confounding.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Infertility treatment, among those who received fertility-enhancing drugs, is associated with an increased GDM risk. The persistently higher risk of GDM among women who seek infertility treatment, irrespective of prepregnancy weight classification, deserves attention. Infertility specialists must be vigilant with preconception counseling and ensure that all patients, regardless of race and ethnicity or BMI, are adequately tested for GDM early in pregnan","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334123001162/pdfft?md5=149aab93e6b255c3f503899a43e66357&pid=1-s2.0-S2666334123001162-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139302528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical implications of biochemical hypogonadism in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia undergoing infertility evaluation","authors":"Arnold P.P. Achermann M.D. ,&nbsp;Sandro C. Esteves M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of biochemical hypogonadism in infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA).</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>University-affiliated tertiary center for male reproductive health.</p></div><div><h3>Patients</h3><p>767 consecutive normogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic patients with NOA undergoing infertility evaluation from 2014 to 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><p>Patients aged 23–55 years underwent comprehensive clinical, hormonal, genetic, semen analysis, and histopathology evaluations and were classified on the basis of predefined baseline follicle-stimulating hormone (12 IU/L) and total testosterone (350 ng/dL) serum levels cutpoints into four groups: hypergonadotropic hypogonadal, hypergonadotropic eugonadal, normogonadotropic hypogonadal, and normogonadotropic eugonadal. All patients were naïve regarding previous sperm retrieval (SR) or hormonal therapy use.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>The period prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism, defined as testosterone levels of &lt;350 ng/dL, and the distribution of patients per group were computed. The associations between hypogonadism, clinical factors, and SR success were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the association between SR and patient classification.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The overall period prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism was 80.8% (95% CI 77.9%–83.4%). The prevalence of patients by group was hypergonadotropic hypogonadal (42.4%, 38.9%–45.9%), normogonadotropic hypogonadal (38.5%; 35.1%–41.9%), hypergonadotropic eugonadal (8.3%; 6.6%–10.5%), and normogonadotropic eugonadal (10.8%; 8.8%–13.2%). Reduced testicular volume and lower estradiol levels were associated with an increased likelihood of hypogonadism. Paternal age was also an independent predictor, with higher age linked to an increased likelihood of hypogonadism. Hypogonadism was less likely in patients with germ cell maturation arrest and more likely in those with Sertoli cell-only. Patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism had lower SR success than normogonadotropic eugonadal counterparts (aRR 0.611; 95% CI 0.398–0.855). In the subset of hypogonadal men, hypergonadotropic patients had lower SR success than normogonadotropic participants (aRR 0.632; 0.469–0.811).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism among men with NOA is substantial. Hypogonadism is associated with testicular volume, estradiol levels, age, and histopathology patterns. This condition impacts SR success and emphasizes the need for improved care for men with NOA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334123001150/pdfft?md5=60ea6eea8b9d42ded6c0809195b861e0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666334123001150-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139294571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical embryology education programs must prepare graduates for the future","authors":"Heather Shapiro M.D. ,&nbsp;Danielle C. Bentley Ph.D. ,&nbsp;G. Scot Hamilton Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Pat Chronis-Brown M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Avrum I. Gotlieb M.D. ,&nbsp;Theodore J. Brown Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 123-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334123001307/pdfft?md5=35d3729fced2c5350047b62630dd980e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666334123001307-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138617669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harms of harmless therapies","authors":"Richard J. Paulson M.D., M.S.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334124000072/pdfft?md5=1654806a2eac6a00cb50341c7e95772a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666334124000072-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139824434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vigorous vs. moderate exercise to improve glucose metabolism in inactive women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance: a pilot randomized controlled trial of two home-based exercise routines","authors":"Ange Wang M.D. ,&nbsp;Martha Noel M.D. ,&nbsp;Jacob P. Christ M.D. ,&nbsp;Jamie Corley B.S. ,&nbsp;Nikolaus Lenhart B.S. ,&nbsp;Marcelle I. Cedars M.D. ,&nbsp;Heather Huddleston M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the impact of vigorous vs. moderate exercise on metabolic parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Randomized controlled trial.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Unsupervised home-based exercise program.</p></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><p>Patients with PCOS on the basis of the Rotterdam criteria with insulin resistance.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>Participants were block randomized to a home-based exercise program of 75 minutes of vigorous exercise or 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week, for 8 weeks total.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>Changes in glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance.</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>In total, 36 participants were randomized, of whom 20 completed the study. The percentage changes from baseline at 4 and 8 weeks for fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance did not significantly differ between the groups, except for the change in the 8-week glucose level, which was more favorable in the moderate arm (8.06% [standard deviation, 6.44%] in the vigorous group compared with −0.32% [standard deviation, 4.91%] in the moderate group). The absolute values of the main outcomes (fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks did not significantly differ between trial arms. When assessing the change from baseline at 4 and 8 weeks, overall and within each trial arm, only the 8-week fasting glucose level was significantly greater than the baseline value in the vigorous arm (93.5 [95% confidence interval, 88.7–98.3] vs. 86.8 [95% confidence interval, 81.1–92.4]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>Unsupervised short-term exercise programs may not achieve significant metabolic improvements in patients with PCOS, regardless of vigorous vs. moderate intensity. Future studies should investigate this question in larger sample sizes and longer or structured exercise programs.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical Trial Registration Number</h3><p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02303470.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 80-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334123001368/pdfft?md5=d55d2acb2f1aebad5a44be19a009a4a7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666334123001368-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should I opt for intracytoplasmic sperm injection or should I not: high-tech no matter what?","authors":"Lusine Aghajanova M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 11-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334123001332/pdfft?md5=7913a3bf8ddce7fdf1581926364fad57&pid=1-s2.0-S2666334123001332-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal testing in menstrual blood enhances reproductive freedom","authors":"Laura Detti M.D.,&nbsp;William E. Gibbons M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Page 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334124000047/pdfft?md5=7e519567a4b3c5c3d914008fbed5ef35&pid=1-s2.0-S2666334124000047-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordance of hemoglobin A1c and reproductive hormone levels in menstrual and venous blood","authors":"Sara Naseri M.D. ,&nbsp;Maria I. Avrutsky Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Carlo Capati B.S. ,&nbsp;Khevna Desai B.S. ,&nbsp;Ruben Alvero M.D. ,&nbsp;Paul D. Blumenthal M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2023.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore whether menstrual blood collected via a modified menstrual pad is a surrogate for venous blood drawn in analyzing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fertility-associated hormones.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Clinical testing laboratory.</p></div><div><h3>Patients</h3><p>This study included 152 female participants who have regular menses, aged 19–50 years old.</p></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><p>Participants collected menstrual effluent using a menstrual pad modified with a removable dried blood spot (DBS) strip. Peripheral blood samples were collected via venipuncture within 60 hours of menstrual pad use.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>Menstrual pad and venous blood drawn samples were analyzed for levels of HbA1c, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Correlation between menstrual pad and venipuncture samples was performed using Deming linear regression, and r coefficients were measured using Pearson correlation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The interassay variability of menstrual pad DBS sample measurements was &lt;6%. Menstrual HbA1c values were stabilized in the DBS strips through 53 days, and menstrual hormone levels remained stable through 15 days. Menstrual HbA1c levels were highly correlated with venipuncture samples (r = 0.96). The levels of TSH (r = 0.94), AMH (r = 0.94), FSH (r = 0.91), and LH (r = 0.91) also showed a high correlation between menstrual strip and venipuncture samples.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The levels of HbA1c, TSH, AMH, FSH, and LH measurements in menstrual effluent showed a high correlation to venous blood samples, supporting the use of menstrual effluent as a surrogate sample for hormone testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334123001290/pdfft?md5=54c09b432bda06003b339611a519d52e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666334123001290-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}