FS ReportsPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2026.01.003
Alice Emole B.S. , Navyaa Sinha B.S. , Dana Aboukhalil B.S. , Sahil Gupta M.D. , Aimee Eyvazzadeh M.D., M.P.H.
{"title":"Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with pleural effusion after unassisted pregnancy during a luteal-phase stimulation cycle","authors":"Alice Emole B.S. , Navyaa Sinha B.S. , Dana Aboukhalil B.S. , Sahil Gupta M.D. , Aimee Eyvazzadeh M.D., M.P.H.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe a rare case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) presenting as an isolated right-sided pleural effusion because of endogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production from a naturally conceived pregnancy during a luteal-phase ovarian stimulation cycle.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Single-patient case report with longitudinal follow up.</div></div><div><h3>Subject</h3><div>A healthy 36-year-old woman with a 15-month history of primary infertility who was undergoing her second luteal-phase ovarian stimulation cycle.</div></div><div><h3>Exposure</h3><div>Controlled ovarian stimulation with menotropins, recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, letrozole and somatropin, followed by endogenous hCG production from an unexpected naturally conceived pregnancy; no exogenous hCG trigger was administered.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Onset and clinical course of OHSS; volume and recurrence of pleural effusion; need for thoracentesis or an indwelling pleural catheter; maternal and neonatal outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 17 ovarian follicles developed by stimulation day 11 with a modest peak estradiol concentration of 279 pg/mL, underscoring the unexpected nature of the subsequent severe presentation. Serum hCG measured 53 mIU/mL on day 11 and rose to 231 mIU/mL 2 days later, confirming conception and prompting cancelation of the stimulation cycle. After 6 days, the patient developed worsening dyspnea; imaging revealed a large right pleural effusion. Three thoracenteses over 10 days removed 4,700 mL of fluid before placement of a 12-French indwelling pleural catheter, which promptly relieved symptoms. Bilateral ovarian enlargement was present with no evidence of ascites. The pregnancy then progressed uneventfully until preterm delivery of a healthy infant at 32 weeks of gestation; both mother and child were discharged in good condition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can occur despite low estradiol concentrations and the absence of an exogenous hCG trigger. Endogenous hCG from an unrecognized early pregnancy can independently provoke severe vascular hyperpermeability even in canceled cycles with low estradiol and no trigger shot. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for respiratory complications and perform routine pregnancy testing during luteal-phase stimulation to avert delayed diagnosis and morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 162-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Second-trimester pregnancy loss after in vitro fertilization: risk factors and risk reduction","authors":"Sarah Rubin M.D. , Olivia Nussbaum B.A. , Kaleb Noruzi M.D. , Autumn Brewer M.D. , Shmuel Sashitzky M.D. , Alexis Greene M.D. , Martin Keltz M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To study changes in the rate and potential causes of second-trimester loss (STL) after in vitro fertilization (IVF) after 2 decades marked by the gradual adoption of elective single embryo transfer.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>All patients who conceived via IVF between 2015 and 2023 at an academic fertility center. Patients who underwent therapeutic termination were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Exposure</h3><div>In vitro fertilization.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The primary outcome was the rate of STL after IVF. Secondary associated factors assessed included multiple pregnancy, race, uterine defects and tubal factor infertility. Secondary factors were compared with all live births (n = 853), uterine factors were compared with a subset with equivalent uterine structural evaluation. (n = 595). Outcomes were compared with our prior data from 1999–2002.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 971 patients with clinical pregnancies were included; 10.2% resulted in a first-trimester loss and a total of 14 patients in our group had a STL. These patients were compared with a control group of 853 patients. Adenomyosis was found to be associated with an increased risk of STL, 35.7% (5/14), compared with 6.4% (38/595) of patients in our control group. Additionally, intrauterine scarring was associated with a higher rate of STL at 35.7% (5/14) vs. 12.6% (75/595). Tuboperitoneal disease was positively associated with STL with 42.9% (6/14), compared with 13.6% (116/853) among the control group. Additionally, patients who identified as Black were associated with an 8.0% (6/75) risk of STL and patients who identified as Hispanic were associated with increased risk of STL at 4.1% (5/122). In univariate analysis, a significant association was found between patients who identified as Black and STL, with 20 times higher odds of STL than patients who identified as White. A significant association was also found between patients who identified as Hispanic or Latino and STL, with 7.90 times higher odds of STL than patients who identified as White. When adjusting for race and ethnicity, parity, and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) usage in the multivariate model, uterine factor was found to have a significant association with STL, with 32.95 times higher odds of STL in patients with uterine factor.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Factors associated with STL include Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, adenomyosis, tubal factor infertility, and intrauterine scarring, with the racial and ethnic disparities in STL largely unchanged over 2 decades. Further study is needed to tailor risk prevention for reducing STL after IVF in at-risk groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FS ReportsPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2025.11.008
Nikita H.Z. Clasen M.Sc. , M.E. Madeleine van der Perk M.D., Ph.D. , Marianne D. van de Wetering M.D., Ph.D. , Annelies M.E. Bos M.D., Ph.D. , Anne-Lotte L.F. van der Kooi M.D., Ph.D. , Kim van Loon M.D., Ph.D. , Margreet A. Veening M.D. Ph.D. , Irene M. IJgosse M.Sc. , Sebastian J.C.M.M. Neggers M.D., Ph.D. , Martine van Grotel M.D., Ph.D. , Dorine Bresters M.D., Ph.D. , Hanneke M. van Santen M.D., Ph.D. , Willem M.J.A. Verpoest M.D. Ph.D. , Leendert H.J. Looijenga Ph.D. , Brigitte Arends Ph.D. , Jeanette van Leeuwen M.D. , Simone L. Broer M.D., Ph.D. , Alida F.W. van der Steeg M.D., Ph.D. , Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink M.D., Ph.D.
{"title":"Safety of laparoscopic oophorectomy in a Dutch national pediatric cancer cohort","authors":"Nikita H.Z. Clasen M.Sc. , M.E. Madeleine van der Perk M.D., Ph.D. , Marianne D. van de Wetering M.D., Ph.D. , Annelies M.E. Bos M.D., Ph.D. , Anne-Lotte L.F. van der Kooi M.D., Ph.D. , Kim van Loon M.D., Ph.D. , Margreet A. Veening M.D. Ph.D. , Irene M. IJgosse M.Sc. , Sebastian J.C.M.M. Neggers M.D., Ph.D. , Martine van Grotel M.D., Ph.D. , Dorine Bresters M.D., Ph.D. , Hanneke M. van Santen M.D., Ph.D. , Willem M.J.A. Verpoest M.D. Ph.D. , Leendert H.J. Looijenga Ph.D. , Brigitte Arends Ph.D. , Jeanette van Leeuwen M.D. , Simone L. Broer M.D., Ph.D. , Alida F.W. van der Steeg M.D., Ph.D. , Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To report our experiences on the safety of laparoscopic oophorectomy (LO) for ovarian tissue cryopreservation in childhood cancer (CC) patients.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Descriptive study of a prospectively registered cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>All CC patients undergoing LO in the Netherlands from November 2020 until April 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Exposure</h3><div>Laparoscopic oophorectomy for means of fertility preservation before or during gonadotoxic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Safety, including procedure-related complications, such as critical events (desaturation, bradycardia), need for mechanical ventilation in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), site infections, hemorrhage, and survival, scored according to Clavien Dindo (CD) classification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-eight patients, median age 6.5 years (range 1–18 years) underwent LO, of which 2/88 patients developed CD grade 4, 1/88 CD grade 3, and 8/88 CD grade 2 complications, with the most common being port site infection (6%) and bleeding (6%). No clear determinant could be identified as a risk factor for complications. All patients recovered from procedure-related complications and no patient died as a consequence of oophorectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Laparoscopic oophorectomy is a relatively safe procedure to preserve future fertility for girls with cancer with a high risk of gonadal failure and consequent infertility. However, LO can be accompanied by complications in children with cancer. Therefore, safety monitoring and identification of risk factors for complications based on larger cohorts in future studies are needed. Prevention of complications of LO is an important obligation to balance the future benefits against the risks of LO to enhance the future chance of pregnancy for girls with cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FS ReportsPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2025.12.005
Peter N. Schlegel M.D
{"title":"Evaluation of severe male infertility","authors":"Peter N. Schlegel M.D","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"Page 3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FS ReportsPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2025.10.009
Nimerta K. Sandhu M.D. , Adriana J. Wong M.D. , Richard J. Paulson M.D. , Mitchell D. Creinin M.D.
{"title":"Current reproductive endocrinology and infertility practices regarding Rh-immune globulin administration in early pregnancy","authors":"Nimerta K. Sandhu M.D. , Adriana J. Wong M.D. , Richard J. Paulson M.D. , Mitchell D. Creinin M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 86-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FS ReportsPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2025.11.006
Meridith P. Pollie M.D. , Anne E. Kim M.D. , Marissa S. Weiss M.D., M.S.C.E. , Clarisa R. Gracia M.D., M.S.C.E.
{"title":"High patient satisfaction with both telehealth and in-person new patient visits at a large academic fertility center","authors":"Meridith P. Pollie M.D. , Anne E. Kim M.D. , Marissa S. Weiss M.D., M.S.C.E. , Clarisa R. Gracia M.D., M.S.C.E.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify differences in patient satisfaction between individuals who had in-person vs. telemedicine consultations at our large academic institution’s ambulatory fertility clinic.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This cross-sectional study involved distribution of an electronic survey, including questions to assess demographic factors and graded satisfaction metrics, to all patients at Penn Fertility Care.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Eligible respondents were self-screened to include only patients ≥18 years old who had a new patient visit between January 2019 and July 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Exposure</h3><div>Type of consultation: telemedicine vs. in-person.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Patient satisfaction, assessed using graded satisfaction metrics and evaluated using χ<sup>2</sup> tests and adjusted regression models to assess the impact of consultation type.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Surveys were disseminated to 6,660 patients via patient portal messages. Of 505 patients who read the messages, 464 (91.6%) completed the survey. There was no significant difference in overall patient satisfaction between in-person and telemedicine respondents, with high levels of satisfaction in each group (87.0% in-person, 82.0% telemedicine). Patients who had telemedicine consultations were less likely to report improved access to care compared with those with in-person visits (odds ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.38–0.95). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that patients with infertility preferred in-person visits, whereas patients undergoing planned oocyte cryopreservation favored telemedicine consultations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although telemedicine plays a valuable role in fertility care, it is important to continue to offer in-person visits as an option, particularly for patients experiencing infertility. To optimize patient satisfaction, clinics should remain flexible and consider tailoring the types of visits offered to meet the unique preferences and needs of their patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FS ReportsPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2025.11.007
Meredith L. Clements Ph.D., Sean Sawicki Ph.D., Noelani Segree B.A.
{"title":"What are my options? Fertility awareness, infertility treatment awareness, and education needs among Generation Z women","authors":"Meredith L. Clements Ph.D., Sean Sawicki Ph.D., Noelani Segree B.A.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To study fertility awareness and infertility treatment awareness among Generation Z women in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional survey study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>A total of 212 women, ages 18–27, participated in an online survey.</div></div><div><h3>Exposure</h3><div>Not applicable.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Levels of fertility awareness were categorized as low (0%–40%), moderate (41%–70%), or high (71%–100%). Knowledge differences were analyzed using frequency tables to evaluate the number of correct and incorrect responses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Generation Z women demonstrated moderate awareness of basic information about menstruation and fertilization. Knowledge of age-related infertility treatment success rates varied, with 29% knowing the in vitro fertilization success rate for a 35-year-old and 48% for a 44-year-old. Only 27% identified the likelihood of a miscarriage, reflecting a 9% decline from millennial women surveyed in 2017 by Kudesia et al. using the same instrument. While 87% knew the correct age range for peak fertility, far fewer (54%) knew the age range for fertility decline. Fecundability knowledge was limited (40% at age 30; 42% at age 40). Respondents showed high levels of awareness toward basic definitions of three infertility treatments. Whereas 74% wanted children in the future, 59% felt uninformed about fertility, and 69% reported varying levels of concern toward their future fertility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Fertility knowledge has improved by a modest 3% when comparing women in Generation Z with millennials. This increase is not substantial enough to indicate meaningful progress. Failing to address these ongoing knowledge gaps may hinder young women’s abilities to make informed decisions and can lead to involuntary childlessness. To help increase reproductive autonomy, tailored fertility health education should target women in Generation Z before they age out of the peak fertility age range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 56-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FS ReportsPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2025.10.008
Stanislav Tjagur M.D., Ph.D. , Margus Punab M.D., Ph.D. , Avirup Dutta Ph.D. , Maris Laan Ph.D.
{"title":"Diagnostic odyssey of a male with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism: case report and review of the literature","authors":"Stanislav Tjagur M.D., Ph.D. , Margus Punab M.D., Ph.D. , Avirup Dutta Ph.D. , Maris Laan Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfre.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To conduct longitudinal precision clinical phenotyping and management planning of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism case, including in-depth documentation of notable deviations at the male accessory glands level, monitoring and timely handling of potential comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Case report.</div></div><div><h3>Subject</h3><div>A 29-year-old phenotypically male patient of European origin presenting for andrological evaluation due to sudden enlargement of the right hemiscrotum.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We report a 29-year-old phenotypically male patient with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism and syndromic features, short stature (152 cm), inguinal hernia, azoospermia, moderate testicular hypotrophy (10 mL and 8 mL by orchidometer), distal hypospadias, and autoimmune thyroiditis. The patient presented normal intelligence quotient and cognition. As a novel clinical finding, notable deviations at the male accessory glands’ level were documented in follow-up investigations, reduced prostate volume, unilateral hypoplasia of the seminal vesicle, absence of a distal deferential duct and a dilatation of the contralateral counterpart, dilatation of the ejaculatory duct and an extensive prostatic microcalcification. Intriguingly, an initial cytogenetic analysis from the peripheral blood leucocytes showed a normal male karyotype. Incidentally, 45,X/46,XY mosaicism was uncovered using whole exome sequencing (WES) of peripheral blood deoxyribonucleic acid for molecular diagnostic purposes. This genetic diagnosis was confirmed subsequently by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (buccal smear), chromosomal microarray analysis, and repeated cytogenetic testing of peripheral blood cells, emphasizing the sensitivity and precision of WES in detecting chromosomal mosaicism. The estimated proportion of 45,X cells ranged from 55% in buccal smear to 60%–67% in peripheral blood.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Wolffian anomalies may be present in 45,X/46,XY phenotypic male mosaics and warrant systematic evaluation, particularly in the context of infertility management. This case also demonstrates that using WES instead of conventional karyotyping may enhance the speed in reaching 45,X/46,XY diagnosis, and consequently, longitudinal management of the broad spectrum of comorbidities in this condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34409,"journal":{"name":"FS Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}