Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation of copper leaching from flash furnace dust and integrated mathematical-artificial neural network modeling of kinetics","authors":"Hassan Razzani ,&nbsp;Hassan Hashemipour ,&nbsp;Amirhossain Karimi","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrometallurgical methods, particularly leaching, provide an effective approach for recovering copper from low-grade materials. This study experimentally investigates the influence of temperature, time, and acid concentration on leaching of copper from flash furnace dust containing oxide and sulfide forms, focusing on recovery efficiency. Results show that a 10 % increase in temperature (297–327 K) improves copper extraction efficiency by approximately 25 % (from 76 % to 95 %) within 40 min while acid concentration also effects on the extraction efficiency according to 75 % increasing in acid concentration (100–175) improve the efficiency 18 % within 40 min. Additionally by integrating the Shrinking Core Model (SCM) with artificial neural network, a new correlation for diffusion coefficient of acid within the dust is determined as D = 8.62 × 10⁻¹⁰exp(-2.57/T) × C^0.0253. Determination of the acid diffusion coefficient within solid particles enables precise prediction of process kinetics and facilitates optimization. This simulation achieved a relative error of approximately 2 %, demonstrating high predictive accuracy in the leaching progress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of coconut coir composite filters for oil and grease removal: A qualitative ATR-FTIR pilot study","authors":"Maliki Hapani ,&nbsp;Nur Fatien Muhamad Salleh ,&nbsp;Khairilmizal Samsudin ,&nbsp;Izzah Aqilah Puad ,&nbsp;Baharuddin Zakaria","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater from restaurants and workshops containing high concentrations of oil and grease (O&amp;G) poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective and accessible treatment methods. This qualitative, proof-of-concept pilot study investigated the efficacy of low-cost, locally sourced filter materials—coconut coir, recycled beach sand, activated charcoal, and inactivated charcoal—in various combinations for removing O&amp;G. Filtration prototypes were developed and tested on real wastewater samples. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to characterise the chemical changes pre- and post-filtration. Results indicated that a combination of coconut coir, recycled beach sand, and activated charcoal (M3) was identified as the most effective for oil removal from restaurant wastewater, evidenced by the disappearance of the ester carbonyl peak (1744 cm⁻¹) and other oil-related aliphatic C–H stretches. For grease removal from workshop wastewater, a combination of coconut coir, recycled beach sand, and inactivated charcoal (G4) demonstrated superior performance, marked by the absence of key aliphatic C–H stretches (2922 cm⁻¹, 2853 cm⁻¹) characteristic of grease. In both optimal filter combinations, an increased intensity of hydroxyl (O–H) group signals in the filtrate was observed, correlating with effective O&amp;G removal. This research highlights the potential of these sustainable filter systems for decentralized wastewater treatment, contributing to responsible resource utilisation (SDG 12). The findings offer a practical framework for designing pollutant-specific, low-cost filtration systems for small-scale enterprises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of bamboo waste pellets as efficient adsorbents for methylene blue removal","authors":"Sutthipoj Wongrerkdee ,&nbsp;Tipawan Rungsawang ,&nbsp;Donchida Wathinputthiporn ,&nbsp;Sawitree Wongrerkdee ,&nbsp;Napat Kaewtrakulchai ,&nbsp;Kanit Manatura ,&nbsp;Sucheewan Krobthong ,&nbsp;Autchara Junphong","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Raw bamboo waste was effectively pelletized to produce bamboo waste pellets (BWPs), which are sustainable adsorbents for removing methylene blue (MB). The physicochemical features, bulk density, moisture content, mass loss, surface functional groups, and crystallite structures of the BWPs were investigated to explain their attributes. For initial MB concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L, adsorption experiments demonstrated that the MB removal efficiency was over 90% at the 1.0 g BWP dosage. The adsorption behavior was well-adapted because of a monolayer-dominated mechanism with partial multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.273 mg/g. The BWPs were able to maintain high adsorption effectiveness across several adsorption-desorption cycles due to the outstanding mechanical stability and effective recovery of the pelletized structure. MB adsorption was enhanced under alkaline conditions by the stronger electrostatic attraction and surface activity, according to studies of pH dependency. BWPs may be used as green adsorbents in wastewater treatment processes, making the usage of agricultural wastes in a more environmentally responsible manner. These findings show that BWPs can provide outstanding adsorption efficacy and reusability, making them an affordable, eco-friendly, and scalable wastewater treatment solution that also makes it easier to value agricultural residues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous inclined-screw torrefaction with off-gas heat integration: pilot-scale residence-time impacts on severity and fuel quality","authors":"Nathawat Unsomsri ,&nbsp;Nattanon Vimolsutr ,&nbsp;Pathipan Manchit ,&nbsp;Songkran Wiriyasart ,&nbsp;Sommas Kaewluan","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous torrefaction can upgrade biomass pellets, but pilot-scale evidence on how residence time governs thermal zoning, off-gas heat integration, and fuel upgrading in screw reactors remains limited; therefore, this study evaluates a pilot-scale inclined-screw torrefaction system to quantify these effects. Experiments were conducted at two feed rates (17.5 and 20 kg h⁻¹) by varying residence time through screw-speed control, covering 20-35 min in Condition 1 and 30-45 min in Condition 2. Temperature monitoring confirmed stable zones: 33-96 °C (drying) and 96-238 °C (torrefaction). Heat supply shifted from LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) start-up to torrefaction off-gas combustion, demonstrating heat integration. At 40 min residence time, the off-gas contained CO₂ 48.8 vol%, CO 22.04 vol%, H₂ 12.7 vol%, and CH₄ 16.2 vol% (LHV 8.7 MJ kg⁻¹), indicating potential to reduce LPG use through co-firing. Increasing residence time increased the mass-fraction-weighted LHV up to 24.03 MJ kg⁻¹ but decreased mass yield (80.2-55.1% and 81.29-46.48%) and energy yield (93.17-81.58% and 92.78-68.94%) because devolatilization and deoxygenation intensified solid mass loss faster than the incremental LHV gain. Longer residence times produced predominantly black material (higher severity), and increasing the feed rate required ∼10 min longer residence time to reach comparable severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the synergistic mechanism of magnesium hydroxide and silica in modulating polyethersulfone membrane structure and function","authors":"Umi Fathanah ,&nbsp;Abubakar Abubakar ,&nbsp;Syawaliah Muchtar ,&nbsp;Cut Meurah Rosnelly ,&nbsp;Zuhra Zuhra ,&nbsp;Mirna Rahmah Lubis ,&nbsp;Sidik Marsudi","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an environmentally benign dual-additive modification strategy was investigated by incorporating magnesium hydroxide and silica into PES membranes to simultaneously tailor surface chemistry and pore morphology during non-solvent-induced phase separation. Membranes were fabricated using a fixed Mg(OH)₂ content with varying silica concentrations and characterized by FESEM, ATR-FTIR, gravimetric porosity analysis, water contact angle measurements, and filtration performance testing, including pure-water flux, humic acid rejection, and flux recovery ratio. All modified membranes retained the asymmetric structure of pristine PES but developed thinner selective layers and more elongated finger-like macrovoids as silica content increased up to the optimum composition (M-MS2.5). At this condition, porosity increased to 67.73 %, the O–H absorption band became more pronounced, and the water contact angle decreased from ∼80° to 53.4° (≈33 % reduction), indicating enhanced interfacial hydrophilicity. These structural and chemical enhancements led to improved transport and fouling behavior, with water flux approaching ∼80 L m⁻² h⁻¹ and the flux recovery ratio increasing to 90.91 %. Although humic acid rejection decreased from 79.8 % (pristine) to 69.19 % at the optimum silica loading (2.5 %), it remained within a reasonable ultrafiltration performance range. At higher silica concentrations, however, particle agglomeration and localized structural densification were observed, resulting in increased contact angle, reduced flux, and partial recovery of rejection, indicating a limited compositional window for effective synergy between silica and Mg(OH)₂. Overall, the intermediate silica loading (2.5 wt%) provided the most favorable balance between permeability, antifouling stability, and rejection, suggesting strong potential for application in high-throughput treatment of NOM-rich waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance optimization and long-term evaluation of pilot-scale PV-powered membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) in an arid oasis on the example of Morocco","authors":"Ismail Ait Lahssaine ,&nbsp;Edgardo E. Cañas Kurz ,&nbsp;Lahcen Kabiri ,&nbsp;Ulrich Hellriegel ,&nbsp;Duc N. Dinh ,&nbsp;Badre Messaoudi ,&nbsp;Badre Essafraoui ,&nbsp;Jan Hoinkis","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across many oases in semi-arid and arid regions, water availability is steadily declining while soil salinity is increasing at an alarming rate. To address these challenges, the SuLaMo project proposed integrated sustainable land and water management concepts for agriculture, incorporating desalination as a viable source of irrigation water. This study experimentally evaluated a pilot-scale, photovoltaic-driven membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) system for the desalination of brackish groundwater (TDS = 6.3 mS cm⁻¹). The investigation focused on finding practical steps to: (1) evaluate the effect of flow rate on adsorption capacity; (2) optimize the system configuration to maximize water recovery; (3) evaluate the long-term performance and the effect of scaling, electrode configuration and selective ion removal on system efficiency. Additionally, the effect of soil salinization was monitored during the trials. The results demonstrated the feasibility of MCDI for desalinating low-brackish water and mitigating long-term soil salinization. A trade-off between ion removal efficiency (RE), water recovery (WR), and energy consumption (SEC) was evaluated using a Pareto method. Steps for systematically optimizing the process are suggested. Pilot at low-cleaning operation resulted in optimized values of RE = 45%, WR = 69% and SEC = 2.75 kWh m⁻³ m⁻³. However, prolonged operation with infrequent cleaning resulted in significant scaling effects, a lower net flow rate and increased SEC. This indicates that frequent cleaning is essential, particularly when treating hard water. Further improvements in electrode adsorption capacity and anti-scaling operational strategies are necessary for the large-scale agricultural application of MCDI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of chemical precipitation and nanofiltration for sodium sulfate control and brine loop closure in a Chlor Alkali plant","authors":"Marco Gaibor-Pacheco ,&nbsp;Suanny Mosquera-Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In membrane-based chlor-alkali processes, brine recirculation is essential for improving operational sustainability; however, sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) accumulation in the loop hinders chlorine production. This study evaluates an integrated treatment scheme combining chemical precipitation and nanofiltration (NF) to remove Na₂SO₄ and enhance effluent reuse in a chlor-alkali plant in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Laboratory precipitation tests using real industrial effluent examined the influence of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) dosage, temperature, and pH. The best removal (49.3 ± 4.2% w/w) was achieved with 45 mL L⁻¹ CaCl₂ at 70 °C, pH 9-11, and 20 min of mixing, while efficiencies fell below 30% at 40-55 °C even with higher dosages (≥50 mL L⁻¹). Full-scale NF trials showed 72.8% w/w Na₂SO₄ rejection at 25 bar with 67.9% w/w water recovery. Both treated effluents were suitable for reintegration into the brine circuit. Mass balance analysis indicated that the combined process recovers up to 81.3% of the effluent, equivalent to 8051 m³ year⁻¹ of water and 1393 t year⁻¹ of NaCl, while mitigating saline discharges. The estimated capital cost (11,7021 USD) is offset by annual raw material savings of 93,964 USD. Overall, integrating chemical precipitation with membrane separation enhances process circularity, reduces freshwater consumption, and mitigates environmental impacts, while ensuring economic viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromembrane and pervaporation technologies for the production of highly concentrated formic acid from captured CO2 valorization","authors":"Ainhoa Unzurrunzaga ,&nbsp;Leire Lorenzo ,&nbsp;Ainhoa Aguirre ,&nbsp;María Fernández ,&nbsp;Yolanda Belaustegui","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electro-membrane technologies to salt splitting chemicals such as potassium formate generated during the electrochemical conversion of captured CO₂ to obtain formic acid and potassium hydroxide represents a crucial pathway toward carbon neutrality and circular economy. The study demonstrated that the most effective configuration employed two cation exchange membranes (Nafion 324) to separate the anodic, cathodic and central compartments, with the feed solution circulated through the central compartment. This setup enabled potassium ions to migrate to the catholyte, where KOH was concentrated, while protons generated in the anodic compartment moved into the central compartment, maintaining an acidic pH (≈1) and allowing the concentration of formic acid. Optimal performance was achieved at 1500 A m⁻² and a circulated charge of 0.6715 F, yielding up to 100 g L⁻¹ of formic acid and 140 g L⁻¹ of potassium hydroxide. Additionally, pervaporation using a PERVAP 4101 membrane successfully broke the formic acid–water azeotrope, reaching concentrations up to 90%. This is the first study that demonstrates the production of highly concentrated formic acid from captured CO₂ by combining electrodialysis with monopolar membranes and pervaporation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of waste potato peels by combined acid-base treatment and its adsorption performance for the removal of phenol","authors":"Ntaote David Shooto,&nbsp;Patience Mapule Thabede","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the sorption capacity of potato peels for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacities of untreated potato peels (UPP) and acid-treated potato peels (APP) were compared with acid-base treated potato peels (ABPP). Characterisation of UPP, APP and ABPP by FTIR, SEM and XRD indicated that the surfaces of the adsorbents contain functional groups such as –OH, –C–O–C and –C–O. SEM images showed that the morphology of the adsorbents changed due to different chemical activations. The XRD patterns of APP and ABPP exhibited sharper peaks and higher intensities than those of UPP. The maximum sorption capacity of phenol on UPP, APP and ABPP was observed at pH 7. Adsorption isotherms showed that the Freundlich model best fitted the data, indicating multilayer sorption. The coefficient values for the PSO model were more appropriate for the uptake of phenol on all adsorbents. ABPP exhibited a higher sorption capacity for the removal of phenol, with an uptake capacity of 54.96 mg/g compared to UPP and APP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design constraints governing household-scale rice-straw biochar systems: The role of feedstock densification and particle-size selection","authors":"Nguyen Cong Manh ,&nbsp;Nguyen Tri Quang Hung ,&nbsp;Huynh Thi Ngoc Oanh ,&nbsp;Yasushi Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Household-scale biochar systems are increasingly promoted for agricultural waste management and decentralized environmental applications; however, their design is often constrained by feedstock handling, material stability, and process simplicity rather than maximum functional performance. This study examines key design constraints in household-scale rice-straw biochar production, focusing on feedstock densification and particle-size selection under practical conditions. Rice straw was pyrolyzed in a household drum kiln with and without mechanical compression. Biochar yield, physicochemical properties, mechanical stability, and adsorption behavior were evaluated. Uncompressed rice-straw biochar showed poor structural integrity and fragmented during handling, preventing reproducible adsorption measurements. In contrast, compressed rice-straw biochar (BCRS) exhibited markedly improved yield and stability. At 400 °C for 2 h, BCRS achieved a mass yield of 66.7 ± 1.5%, compared with 31.6 ± 0.9% for uncompressed straw. Methylene blue adsorption showed clear particle-size dependence: finer particles enabled faster uptake, whereas coarser particles exhibited higher apparent capacity under batch conditions. These findings indicate that handling feasibility and material stability are primary design constraints, while adsorption performance serves as a secondary screening criterion in decentralized systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}