Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of biodiesel production (FAME) from microalgae Chorella SP. In a photobioreactor under optimum laboratory conditions","authors":"María Elizabeth Bejarano Meza,&nbsp;Allison Yolanda Escalante Palacios,&nbsp;Hugo Guillermo Jiménez Pacheco","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Third-generation biofuels derived from microalgae offer a sustainable solution to meet rising energy demands while minimizing competition with food resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Microalgae are a raw material with high potential for their use in the production of biodiesel. This study investigates the effect of nitrogen deprivation on lipid accumulation in <em>Chlorella</em> sp., a promising microalga for biodiesel production, identifying in the process the optimal conditions for production, being the main goal to compare biomass and lipid production between these controlled conditions and environmental ones using a bioreactor. The results showed that nitrogen deprivation increased lipid content by 7.7 % in <em>Chlorella</em> sp., demonstrating its potential for biodiesel enhancement. The optimal conditions for biodiesel production, including temperature (24.74 °C), pH (8.25), and light intensity (6600 lux), were identified using factorial design. Under optimized laboratory conditions (pH 8.25, light intensity 6600 lux, temperature 24.74 °C), maximum biodiesel yield was achieved at 79 %. Under environmental conditions in Arequipa, biodiesel production achieved 21.21 % lipid content, demonstrating comparable efficiency to laboratory conditions (21.24 %). Environmental and laboratory conditions yielded similar biodiesel outputs, highlighting the feasibility of outdoor production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The physicochemical properties of liquid biofuel derived from the pyrolysis of low-quality rubber waste","authors":"Preecha Moonsin ,&nbsp;Wuttichai Roschat ,&nbsp;Sunti Phewphong ,&nbsp;Sittichai Watthanalao ,&nbsp;Bunterm Maneerat ,&nbsp;Supakorn Arthan ,&nbsp;Aekkaphon Thammayod ,&nbsp;Tappagorn Leelatam ,&nbsp;Boonyawan Yoosuk ,&nbsp;Pathompong Janetaisong ,&nbsp;Vinich Promarak","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the potential of low-quality rubber waste as a feedstock for liquid biofuel production via pyrolysis, achieving a conversion rate of 65–70 %. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of waste rubber pyrolysis oil (WRPO) using FT-IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and GC-MS techniques to identify its chemical composition and fuel properties. FT-IR analysis reveals a complex mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic rings, and oxygenated compounds, while NMR analysis confirms the diverse chemical structure of WRPO. GC-MS identifies key compounds, including <span>d</span>-Limonene, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl hexadecanoate, and Oleic acid methyl ester, with 18.49 % saturated hydrocarbons and 81.51 % unsaturated hydrocarbons. The TGA results show that WRPO exhibits evaporation and thermal decomposition characteristics similar to B10 diesel, with evaporation beginning below 40 °C and complete decomposition at 300 °C, highlighting its potential as an efficient and environmentally friendly biofuel. Fuel property testing reveals WRPO has a kinematic viscosity of 1.47 cSt, a density of 785 kg/m³, and favorable low pour and cloud points (&lt;−5 °C), making it suitable for cold climates. However, WRPO has a lower heating value of 9675 kcal/kg compared to B10 diesel (11083 kcal/kg) and a high acid number of 4.24 mg KOH/g, which may lead to oxidation and corrosion. In conclusion, WRPO shows considerable promise as a biofuel but would benefit from blending with higher-energy fuels, such as B10 diesel, palm oil biodiesel, or waste cooking oil biodiesel, to improve its stability, combustion efficiency, and heating value. This blending strategy enhances WRPO's potential for sustainable biofuel production and engine use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of microplastic particles and heavy metals in landfill leachate: A case study of a landfill in Indonesia","authors":"Puji Lestari ,&nbsp;Gani Purwiandono ,&nbsp;Almira Nur Amalia ,&nbsp;Esty Khoirina Indah Ma’Rufi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rafli Firdaus ,&nbsp;Dhandhun Wacano","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landfill leachate is a known source of environmental contaminants, including microplastics and heavy metals, which pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. This study investigates the presence of microplastics and their associated heavy metals in leachate from the Piyungan landfill in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sample preparations included wet peroxide oxidation and density separation using a saturated sodium chloride solution. The analysis of microplastics was performed using an optical microscopy and an Attenuated-Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Heavy metals' concentration in leachate and microplastics was quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The abundance of microplastics in leachate ranged from 2100 ± 1301 to 4385 ± 1350 particles/L, with older landfill leachate exhibiting higher concentrations of microplastics. The dominant forms of microplastics are black fragments and films. The detected polymers include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polyamide polymers. With zinc being the most prevalent heavy metal, followed by Pb, Cr, Cu, and Cd, the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate dramatically decreased following the leachate treatment. Zn, Cu, and Cd enrichment was significant on the identified microplastics, but not for Pb and Cr. The attachment of heavy metals onto microplastics was influenced by many factors, including the heavy metal concentration. Zn showed the highest accumulation on microplastic particles. This study highlights the potential of some toxic heavy metals to accumulate on microplastic particles and to co-transport from landfill leachate to surrounding ecosystems. Thus, the improved landfill treatment technologies and strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of microplastic-heavy metal interactions are necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-chemical characterization of natural nano calcium extracted from different fish bones in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and snakehead fish (Channa striata)","authors":"Sri Fatmawati ,&nbsp;Siti Mualimatul Istiqomah ,&nbsp;Nur Hasanah ,&nbsp;Maria Elfiana Ina Kewa Helan ,&nbsp;Mardi Santoso ,&nbsp;Zjahra Vianita Nugraheni ,&nbsp;Nurul Jadid ,&nbsp;Annis Catur Adi ,&nbsp;Heni Rachmawati","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst a rapidly aging population, osteoporosis, a condition that causes weakened, fragile bones due to deteriorating bone structure, has become a significant public health concern in Indonesia. Prevention strategies focus on increasing calcium-rich food intake. Fish bones, typically discarded as waste, offer a valuable alternative for calcium due to their high content, similar to traditional supplements. However, calcium absorption from fish bone flour is limited, leading to potential deficiencies. Nanotechnology addresses this by reducing calcium particles to nanoscale, significantly improving bioavailability. This research explores the potential of naturally occurring nano-calcium derived from various fish bones. The particle size analysis of fish bone powder (FBP) revealed that all samples were in the nanometer range (393.30 and 744.93 nm). The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra confirmed the presence of amide peaks, such as amide I (1649-1662 cm⁻¹), amide II (1548-1552 cm⁻¹), amide III (1242-1244 cm⁻¹), and phosphate (565–569 and 605 cm⁻¹). The field emission scanning electron microscopy identified FBP as calcite. The Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed that snakehead FBP had the highest CaO content, while the X-Ray Diffraction spectra pattern determined that catfish FBP exhibited the highest crystallinity. The nutritional analysis indicated that catfish FBP contained more ash, lipids, calcium, and phosphorus, while snakehead FBP was richer in protein (53.25 ± 0.94 %). These results suggest that nanotechnology enhances the calcium content in fish bones, transforming what is typically considered waste into a valuable natural source of nano-calcium to address deficiencies and improve bone health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of atomic ratio of ions on the particle diffusion and permeability of carbon nanotubes in reverse electrodialysis process using molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Ali B.M. Ali ,&nbsp;Karwan Hussein Qader ,&nbsp;Murtadha M. Al-Zahiwat ,&nbsp;Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh ,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour ,&nbsp;S. Mohammad Sajadi ,&nbsp;Ali Mokhtarian","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate water transport through a carbon nanotube under an electric current, focusing on how varying ion atomic ratios influence key system parameters. These parameters include electric current intensity, fluid current intensity, maximum density, hydrogen bond count, and interaction energy as ion concentration changed. The research aimed to examine the effects of these changes on ion mobility, water permeability, and ion–carbon nanotube interactions. The study is conducted in two phases: equilibration, followed by the analysis of atomic transformations and the creation of various atomic ratios in samples. In the first phase, the kinetic energy of the atomic sample converges to 0.162 eV, and the potential energy reaches to 2.048 eV after 10 ns, indicating limited structural mobility and attractive forces among atoms. After equilibration, we achieved the atomic transformation process and created different atomic ratios. The results indicate that increasing ion ratios in the fluid led to a rise in electric current intensity, from 5.31 to 5.52 e/ns. Higher ion concentrations resulted in a greater density of charge carriers, enhancing ionic mobility and ion transport through the carbon nanotube. Moreover, higher ionic concentrations not only reduced the maximum density from 4.83 to 4.65 atoms/nm³ but also increases the number of broken hydrogen bonds, which could impact water transport and flow dynamics. Finally, according to the findings, there are 133 broken hydrogen bonds instead of 116, and the strength of the nanofluid flow, as well as the electric current, both increased when the ionic percentage of atoms rose to 5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water management and conductivity studies in novel polymer zirconium-based membranes for PEM fuel cells","authors":"Tallah Magdi Ahmed ,&nbsp;Amani Al Othman ,&nbsp;Abdulrahim Shamayleh ,&nbsp;Muhammad Tawalbeh","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are among the promising alternatives for clean energy generation, especially when hydrogen is the fuel used. Their operation is still faced with several challenges, and one of them is water accumulation in the cathode compartment. If PEMFCs are operated at temperatures above the boiling point of water, a significant obstacle would be eliminated due to the formation of water in the vapor phase. This prevents water from accumulating in the liquid phase which causes flooding. Therefore, this work aims to develop a novel composite membrane based on zirconium silicate (ZrSiO₄) and Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for such high-temperature operation. The composite membrane was synthesized using solution casting, and its structural and chemical properties were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The ZrSiO₄/PVDF membrane demonstrated a maximum proton conductivity of 2.14 × 10⁻³ S/cm at room temperature with 8 wt% ZrSiO₄, along with a water uptake value of 43.85 %. Consequently, when tested above the boiling point of water, the membrane exhibited a high conductivity of 2.13 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 105 °C. The results suggest the suitability of such zirconium silicate-based composite membranes for fuel cell applications operating above the boiling point of water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TrashNeXt: Classification of recyclable water pollutants using deep transfer learning method","authors":"Jahid Tanvir ,&nbsp;Sk. Tanzir Mehedi ,&nbsp;Bikash Kumar Paul ,&nbsp;Monir Morshed","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An automatic waste classification system embedded with higher accuracy and precision of convolution neural network (CNN) model can significantly the reduce manual labor involved in recycling. The ConvNeXt architecture has gained remarkable improvements in image recognition. A larger dataset, called TrashNeXt, comprising 23,625 images across nine categories has been introduced in this study by combining and thoroughly analyzing various pre-existing datasets. The deep transfer learning (DTL)-based proposed model achieved the highest accuracy of 94.97% compared to other CNN models by applying image augmentation and comprehensively fine-tuning hyperparameters. Additionally, the trained and optimized weights are utilized to classify water-bound liter objects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilithic biofilm as a potential biomonitor for microplastics contamination in Brantas River of Malang City, Indonesia","authors":"Wresti L. Anggayasti ,&nbsp;Zulkisam Pramudia ,&nbsp;Yogita A.D. Susanti ,&nbsp;Ilham Misbakudin Al Zamzami ,&nbsp;Khibar Syiar Moehammad ,&nbsp;I Nyoman Gede Wardana ,&nbsp;Andi Kurniawan","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite being an efficient bioremediation agent, aquatic biofilm's usefulness as a biomonitor has not been explored extensively. This study disclosed the potential of epilithic biofilm as biomonitor by comparing its metagenomics with water quality parameters and microplastic count in Brantas River. Metagenomics showed the epilithic biofilm was dominated by Exiguobacterium, which recognizes and degrades microplastics, along with Rhodobacterium and Rhizobiales. For the first time, biofilm microbes and their respective roles were discovered to correspond to the total microplastic counts in comparison with BOD as the only transgressing physicochemical parameter. Thus, epilithic biofilm is a potential biomonitor for riverine microplastic contaminations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organochlorine and organophosphate residues in lettuce and green pepper in Ghana's mega city","authors":"Bernard Fei-Baffoe ,&nbsp;Ernestina Gawu ,&nbsp;Ebenezer Ebo Yahans Amuah ,&nbsp;Alfredina Sangber-Dery ,&nbsp;Lyndon Nii Adjiri Sackey ,&nbsp;Nang Biyogue Douti","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last decade, pesticide use in agriculture has helped protect crops but left residues in food, posing health risks. This study analyzed organochlorine (Delta-HCH and Beta-HCH) and organophosphate (chlorpyrifos and dimethoate) residues in lettuce and green pepper from two communities in Ghana. Thirty-one farmers were surveyed, and samples were tested using Gas Chromatography. Chlorpyrifos, found in lettuce from Legon farm at 0.1403–0.2291 mg/kg, exceeded EU and USA Maximum Residue Limits, while green pepper contained no residues. Findings emphasize the need for ongoing pesticide monitoring and public education to ensure food safety and health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel-activated carbon from waste green coconut husks for the synthesis of biodiesel from pig fat oil blends with tallow seed oil","authors":"E.O. Babatunde ,&nbsp;S. Enomah ,&nbsp;O.M. Akwenuke ,&nbsp;T.F. Adepoju ,&nbsp;C.O. Okwelum ,&nbsp;M.M. Mundu ,&nbsp;A. Aiki ,&nbsp;O.D. Oghenejabor","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from blends of pig fat oil (PFO) with tallow seed oil (TSO) in the presence of a novel activated carbon ash (ACA). Pig fat was rendered in a cooker to form pig fat oil (PFO), while the tallow seed was extracted using a Soxhlet extractor. The two oils were blended to achieve a single acidic blend oil. C₂₂H₃₆O₃ acid was isolated from cashew nut husk (CNH) and was used to esterify the high-acidity blend oil. The esterified oil was converted to biodiesel in the presence of activated carbon ash (ACA) developed from green coconut husk (GCH). The produced ACA was characterized using proximate and ultimate analysis, AAS, FTIR, SEM, and BET adsorption analysis. The properties of the biodiesel were determined and compared with the recommended standards.</div><div>Results show that the blends of 70:30 (PFO:TSO) were able to produce an acidic oil. The C₂₂H₃₆O₃ acid concentration was titrimetrically obtained as 5.07 M, while the acidic blends oil was reduced to 2.10 mg KOH/g oil. The ultimate and proximate analysis indicated that the GCH ACA was highly rich in carbon with 80.42 % and 85.52 % wt. It was observed that GCH is an exfoliant that absorbed water content in the oil during transesterification. At a reaction temperature of 80 °C, a GCH ACA conc., of 2 % (wt./wt.), a production period of 70 min, and a MOH/EOMR of 1:5.76, the CCRD statistical analysis predicted a value of 98.759 % (wt./wt.). The mean average of 97.672 % (wt./wt.) was obtained after replicate experiments as validated value. The biodiesel that is produced complies with the recommended guidelines. This study suggested that biodiesel production using activated carbon produced from green coconut husks and waste biomass can be referred to as the most economically viable process. The study recommends that other solid waste husks can be harnessed for the synthesis of activated carbon ashes for their applications as catalysts in industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}