{"title":"Gold nanoparticles for power retention in electrochemical capacitors with KSCN-based aqueous electrolyte","authors":"Paulina Bujewska, Barbara Gorska, Krzysztof Fic","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2022.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2022.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper reports the performance of the electrochemical capacitor operating with a nanoparticle-modified electrolyte. 7 mol L<sup>−1</sup> KSCN aqueous solution, known as the electrolyte exhibiting redox activity originating from pseudohalide anion (SCN<sup>−</sup>), has been enriched by gold nanoparticles at nanomolar concentration. The cycle life, specific energy of the device and power retention have been improved. The influence of nanoparticles concentration on the electrochemical capacitor performance has also been verified. All the nanoparticle-modified electrolytes display very high conductivity (∼370 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>); it is confirmed that the high energy density is retained at the whole range of applied current densities: 13.7 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> (at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>) and 12.1 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> (at 20 A g<sup>−1</sup>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248522000051/pdfft?md5=80424a625fcaf35fc0984d48009c6f42&pid=1-s2.0-S2666248522000051-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45574994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziyu Song , Xingxing Wang , Hao Wu , Wenfang Feng , Jin Nie , Hailong Yu , Xuejie Huang , Michel Armand , Heng Zhang , Zhibin Zhou
{"title":"Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-based electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries: A perspective","authors":"Ziyu Song , Xingxing Wang , Hao Wu , Wenfang Feng , Jin Nie , Hailong Yu , Xuejie Huang , Michel Armand , Heng Zhang , Zhibin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2022.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2022.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The inherent properties of non-aqueous electrolytes are highly associated with the identity of salt anions. To build highly conductive and chemically/electrochemically robust electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and rechargeable lithium metal batteries (RLMBs), various kinds of weakly coordinating anions have been proposed as counterparts of lithium salts and ionic liquids. Among them, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion ([N(SO<sub>2</sub>F)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup>, FSI<sup>−</sup>) has aroused special attention in battery field due to the unique physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties of the FSI-based electrolytes. Herein, an overview on the synthetic methodologies of the FSI-based salts (e.g., alkali metal salts, ionic liquids) is provided, and their applications in LIBs and RLMBs are also updated. Future directions on developing FSI-based and/or FSI-derived electrolytes are presented. The present work is anticipated to inspire the design and screening of new anions for battery use, particularly, those stemming from sulfonimide anions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248522000063/pdfft?md5=85b7866189cd2bc48f9a90c7ee459f30&pid=1-s2.0-S2666248522000063-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42290574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiromichi Nishiyama Dr. Ph.D. , Akihiro Iiyama Prof. Ph.D. , Junji Inukai Prof. Ph.D.
{"title":"The distribution and diffusion coefficient of water inside a Nafion® membrane in a running fuel cell under transient conditions analyzed by operando time-resolved CARS spectroscopy","authors":"Hiromichi Nishiyama Dr. Ph.D. , Akihiro Iiyama Prof. Ph.D. , Junji Inukai Prof. Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The performance and stability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are directly affected by the distribution of water molecules inside the membrane. In this study, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy was used to measure the distribution of water in a Nafion® membrane under transient conditions after increasing the current density. At the cathodic surface of the membrane, an overshoot in amount of water was observed as a result of the increase in the rate of water production and electro-osmosis, while at the other locations in the membrane was observed a gradual increase of water as a result of water transport. The calculation of the water diffusion coefficient during power generation was subsequently carried out, which was consistent with the results of the previous values obtained statically.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248521000354/pdfft?md5=49159638ad2a89f6cddb6a4869e1155d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666248521000354-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48110066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joop Enno Frerichs , Lukas Haneke , Martin Winter , Michael Ryan Hansen , Tobias Placke
{"title":"19F MAS NMR study on anion intercalation into graphite positive electrodes from binary-mixed highly concentrated electrolytes","authors":"Joop Enno Frerichs , Lukas Haneke , Martin Winter , Michael Ryan Hansen , Tobias Placke","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dual-graphite batteries (DGBs), which are based on anion intercalation into graphite positive electrodes, exhibit great potential for stationary energy storage due to use of more sustainable and low-cost electrode materials and processing routes. Binary-mixed highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) appeal highly suitable for the high operating voltages of DGBs, although the lack of sufficient insights into the formation of graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) limits the cell performance in terms of specific capacity and lifetime so far. Herein, anion intercalation from single-salt HCEs (LiPF<sub>6</sub> and LiBF<sub>4</sub>) and an equimolar binary mixture of LiPF<sub>6</sub>/LiBF<sub>4</sub> are studied in graphite || Li metal cells, revealing an improved performance in terms of specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency in the order LiPF<sub>6</sub> > LiPF<sub>6</sub>/LiBF<sub>4</sub> > LiBF<sub>4</sub>. LiBF<sub>4</sub>-based cells exhibit an increased onset potential for anion intercalation and higher area specific impedance, suggesting an ineffective interphase formation at graphite. X-ray diffraction reveals GIC formation, while a lower stage number is achieved for the LiBF<sub>4</sub>-based HCE. <sup>19</sup>F MAS NMR spectroscopy analysis at various states-of-charge confirms no significant charge transfer between the intercalated anions and the graphite host and suggest preferred intercalation of PF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup> compared to BF<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> as well as a high translational and/or rotational mobility of the intercalated anions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248521000305/pdfft?md5=32e636ff8cb267e6838e4d02f69c1801&pid=1-s2.0-S2666248521000305-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44197685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon Ressel , Peter Kuhn , Simon Fischer , Michael Jeske , Thorsten Struckmann
{"title":"An all-extruded tubular vanadium redox flow cell - Characterization and model-based evaluation","authors":"Simon Ressel , Peter Kuhn , Simon Fischer , Michael Jeske , Thorsten Struckmann","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) as one of the most promising electrochemical storage systems for stationary applications still needs further cost reductions. Tubular cell designs might reduce production costs by extrusion production of cell components and small sealing lengths. Based on a first study of the authors [1], this work demonstrates the feasibility of extruded tubular VRFB cells with high power density in the flow-by electrode configuration. Extruded cell components are the perfluorosulfonic acid cation exchange membrane with a diameter of 5.0 mm and carbon composite current collectors. The cell performance is experimentally characterized by polarization curve, ohmic resistance and galvanostatic cycling measurements. A maximum volumetric power density of 407 kW/m<sup>3</sup> and a maximum current density of 500 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> can be achieved. A non linear <em>E</em><sub><em>cell</em></sub>/<em>i</em>-model is used to evaluate exchange and limiting current densities while in-situ half cell SoC monitoring is applied to evaluate the extruded membrane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248521000329/pdfft?md5=06b265e28a510d86cefe555b5dc303d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666248521000329-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kodama , A. Takeuchi , M. Uesugi , T. Miyuki , H. Yasuda , S. Hirai
{"title":"Nanoscale pore measurements in an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery with ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS)","authors":"M. Kodama , A. Takeuchi , M. Uesugi , T. Miyuki , H. Yasuda , S. Hirai","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a high performance all-solid-state lithium-ion battery (ASSLiB), lithium-ion should be smoothly transported to minimize overpotential. Nanoscale pores in the ASSLiB can inhibit ionic transportation; therefore, the pore structure should be measured and nanoscale pores should be prevented for high performance batteries. In this study, laboratory-scale ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) measurements are proposed to evaluate the nanoscale pores in ASSLiBs. The results measured with the USAXS are validated by comparing them with synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray nanotomography data. The pore volumetric density distributions from the USAXS measurements are very close to those from SR X-ray nanotomography; this demonstrates that the nanoscale pores in ASSLiBs can be measured by USAXS. USAXS measurements of pore structures of solid electrolytes prepared from micron-scale and submicron-scale particles solid electrolyte (SE) reveal that the pore structure is not simply dependent on the SE particle size.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248521000317/pdfft?md5=3e6b1c633cfcc38eaf14f0880708723e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666248521000317-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46498274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of roll press on consolidation and electric/ionic-path formation of electrodes for all-solid-state battery","authors":"Maria Yokota, Takuro Matsunaga","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated unpressed and pressed electrodes with the synchrotron radiation X-ray computed laminography (CL) technique to clarify the relationship between the packing structure formation of an electrode processed with a roll press and the performance of all-solid-state batteries. Additionally, we evaluated the length and thickness of percolation paths constructed by the electrode particles using the 3-dimensional structure obtained by the X-ray CL measurement. The smallest packing fraction was in the cathode layers in both the pressed and unpressed electrodes. The cathode packing fraction had a non-uniform distribution shape as a function of the layer thickness. A similar distribution shape was maintained after pressing, except near the surface in contact with the pressing roller. Pressing caused the packing fraction of the cathode layer to become much larger than the unpressed one, especially near the surface where it significantly increased. The thickness of the percolation paths in the cathode layer also increased after pressing. Furthermore, we discovered that the cathode local path thickness, measured by using regions segmented by packing fraction values, had a linear relationship with the packing fraction. Consequently, the performance bottle neck is caused by the local layer that has the smallest packing fraction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248521000330/pdfft?md5=7087022575df98d5ed063431e3b05558&pid=1-s2.0-S2666248521000330-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45089155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal risk evaluation of concentrated electrolytes for Li-ion batteries","authors":"Liwei Zhao, Atsushi Inoishi, Shigeto Okada","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concentrated electrolytes have been attracting increasing attention due to their unique properties. However, despite the concern about their thermal stability, few research has been done on their exothermic behaviors, especially with the coexistence of electrodes. Herein, we report the results of detailed investigation into the thermal properties of LiBF<sub>4</sub>, LiPF<sub>6</sub>, LiTFSI, and LiFSI/carbonate concentrated solutions and their thermal behaviors with the coexistence of fully lithiated graphite. Concentrated LiBF<sub>4</sub> solutions showed no practical application possibilities because they were unstable on C<sub>6</sub>Li. Increasing the salt concentration decreased the thermal stability of LiPF<sub>6</sub>/PC solutions with the coexistence of C<sub>6</sub>Li. The organic salt dominated the thermal behavior of the solution when mixed with C<sub>6</sub>Li. A drastic exothermic reaction happened at 210–220 °C when C<sub>6</sub>Li was mixed with LiFSI solutions, indicating a very high thermal risk of LiFSI carbonate solutions as LIB electrolytes. In contrast, LiTFSI solutions showed much milder reactions with C<sub>6</sub>Li. On the other hand, because of the different LiF content in SEI, the exothermic onset temperature of the C<sub>6</sub>Li mixture with the concentrated solution increased in the order of LiFSI > LiTFSI > LiPF<sub>6</sub>. Comprehensively, concentrated LiTFSI electrolytes should be a good choice for LIB from the standpoint of battery safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248521000342/pdfft?md5=a69e6ebf1a8db12450c8713862df4997&pid=1-s2.0-S2666248521000342-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47276870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamil Wróbel , Jakub Lach , Justyna Wróbel , Piotr Podsadni , Andrzej Czerwiński
{"title":"Conductive porous carbon (CPC) as an alternative to reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) in lead acid battery current collectors","authors":"Kamil Wróbel , Jakub Lach , Justyna Wróbel , Piotr Podsadni , Andrzej Czerwiński","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thea article presents the latest research on reticulated carbon collectors in lead-acid batteries. A comparison of the performance characteristics of lead-acid cells and batteries based on two porous conductive carbon materials is presented: commercially available reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC), used in earlier studies, and porous conductive carbon (CPC) developed at the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw. Lead layers electrodeposited on CPC had better properties and more uniform thickness. Carbon-based negative and positive plates were tested regarding their capacity using different current rates and cycle life. Experiments on complete 2 and 12 V batteries are presented as well. CPC is proven to be as good material as RVC for use as current collectors in lead-acid cells. Obtained results show that there are reticulated carbon materials different from RVC with properties that allow them to be successfully employed in construction of both negative and positive plates in lead-acid batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248521000299/pdfft?md5=206bfc9e76cb261db27153abff402b00&pid=1-s2.0-S2666248521000299-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43796807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating oxidative stability of lithium-ion battery electrolytes using synthetic charge-discharge profile voltammetry","authors":"Alma Mathew , Matthew J. Lacey , Daniel Brandell","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2021.100071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powera.2021.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrolytes are an integral part of any electrochemical energy storage systems, including batteries. Among the many properties which determine the applicability of a Li-ion battery electrolyte, electrochemical stability – and for high voltage electrodes, in particular anodic stability – is a key parameter to consider. Despite being simple and straightforward to employ, the conventional linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) technique often leads to an over-estimation of the oxidative stability. In this study, an alternative approach termed Synthetic Charge-discharge Profile Voltammetry (SCPV) is explored to investigate the oxidative electrolyte stability. We have found this to be a convenient method of quantifying the anodic stability of the electrolyte in a more practically representative manner, in which passivation kinetics and electrode potential changes at the electrode-electrolyte interface are more appropriately reproduced. The viability of this technique is explored with liquid electrolytes based on ether, carbonate, sulfone and carbonate-sulfone mixtures, all with lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF<sub>6</sub>) salt, tested for a potential profile equivalent to LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> electrodes. The credibility of this technique is validated by correlations to the coulombic efficiencies of corresponding half-cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666248521000263/pdfft?md5=645c56c0f30bcf8eddad0fe50e6a2292&pid=1-s2.0-S2666248521000263-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90011395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}