Tung-Yuan Yung , Thangavel Sangeetha , Wei-Mon Yan , Cheng-Jung Yang , Po-Tuan Chen
{"title":"Non-precious and accessible nanocomposite of iron oxide on PDDA-Modified graphene for catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction","authors":"Tung-Yuan Yung , Thangavel Sangeetha , Wei-Mon Yan , Cheng-Jung Yang , Po-Tuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanocomposite catalysts composed of non-precious nanoparticles anchored by modified graphene for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) are the emphasis of research nowadays for wide application in electrocatalyst systems. Herein, an endeavor is made to report on a one-pot synthesis method to produce a catalyst for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Ni–NiO nanoparticles on Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride-modified graphenes (PDDA-G). The nanocomposite is characterized by spectral measurements, using scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), transmitting electron spectroscopy (TEM), x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy to reveal its microstructure. Through a layer-by-layer PDDA-G investigation, a significant anchoring of nanoparticles and maintenance of the graphene with good electron transporting properties and spatial distance in nanoscale by PDDA is achieved. Additionally, the electrochemical properties of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PDDA-G and Ni–NiO@PDDA-G are demonstrated by linear scan voltammetry (LSV) with rotation disk electrode (RDE). Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PDDA-G displays prominent ORR activity in 2-electron and 4-electron pathways, and better ORR mass activities than Ni–NiO@PDDA-G and commercial Pt/C. The results of this study provide a new strategy to develop material design approaches for high-performance electrocatalysts to be employed in fuel cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"105130587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shenglong Mu , Hua Huang , Akihiro Ishii , Zeyu Zhao , Minda Zou , Patrick Kuzbary , Fei Peng , Kyle S. Brinkman , Hai Xiao , Jianhua Tong
{"title":"Rapid laser reactive sintering of BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ electrolyte for protonic ceramic fuel cells","authors":"Shenglong Mu , Hua Huang , Akihiro Ishii , Zeyu Zhao , Minda Zou , Patrick Kuzbary , Fei Peng , Kyle S. Brinkman , Hai Xiao , Jianhua Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The state-of-the-art protonic ceramic electrolyte BaCe<sub>0.7</sub>Zr<sub>0.1</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>Yb<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> (BCZYYb) dense films were successfully deposited on the pre-sintered Ni(O)+BCZYYb anode substrate by recently developed rapid laser reactive sintering (RLRS) method. The separation of the deposition of dense electrolyte from the preparation of porous anode makes it possible to manufacture protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) with more desirable electrolyte and anode microstructures. The PCFC single cells prepared after introducing the cathode thin film BaCo<sub>0.4</sub>Fe<sub>0.4</sub>Zr<sub>0.1</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> (BCFZY0.1) showed OCVs of 0.94–0.97V and peak power densities of 97 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 600 °C and 121 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 600–650 °C under Air/H<sub>2</sub> gradient. The proton conductivity of the BCZYYb film derived the RLRS-derived single cell showed a moderate proton conductivity of 3.7 × 10<sup>−3</sup>S/cm at 600 °C. The higher PCFC performance can be expected by further optimization of the thickness, compositions, and/or microstructures of the component layers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46058496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aqueous multi-electron electrolyte for hybrid flow batteries with high energy and power densities","authors":"Qiuhong Wang, Walid A. Daoud","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flow battery is a promising energy storage technology for facilitating utilization of renewable resources. While new types of flow batteries have been explored toward high energy density, hampering the power density due to high electrolyte viscosity and sluggish reaction kinetics. Discovery of an aqueous electrolyte with multi-electron transfer reaction is thus favorable for both high energy and power densities due to its multiple charge stored at the same concentration. Both criteria are crucial to improve the flexibility of cell design and widen the application potential. Herein, bismuth is pioneered as negative electrolyte (negolyte) for hybrid flow battery owing to its three-electron reaction and the significantly increased solubility in methanesulfonic acid. In conjunction with cerium electrolyte, a volumetric energy density of 90 Wh L<sup>−1</sup> is achieved and simultaneously a high power density of 295 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> at 90% state-of-charge is demonstrated using low-cost carbon electrode. Furthermore, a high volumetric capacity of 120 Ah L<sup>−1</sup> is reached via adopting graphite felt, which is 100% of the theoretical specific capacity of 1.5 M bismuth negolyte.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"108500684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In situ X-ray computational tomography measurement of single particle behavior of sulfide solid electrolyte under high-pressure compression","authors":"M. Kodama, A. Ohashi, S. Hirai","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-pressure in situ X-ray computational tomography measurements of sulfide solid electrolyte were conducted to elucidate the behavior of a single particle. Chlorine in Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl solid electrolyte was replaced by iodine to obtain high-contrast X-ray computational tomography measurements, and the behavior of a single particle under high pressure was successfully visualized. The experimental results were statistically analyzed to extract the generalized behavior of a solid electrolyte particle. The results show that pressurization increased the contact area and sphericity of a solid electrolyte particle and suppressed the voids between and within the solid electrolyte particles, thereby enhancing ionic conductivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89998765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Balogun , Alejandro Oyarce Barnett , Steven Holdcroft
{"title":"Cathode starvation as an accelerated conditioning procedure for perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer fuel cells","authors":"Emmanuel Balogun , Alejandro Oyarce Barnett , Steven Holdcroft","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freshly assembled proton exchange fuel cells (PEMFC) require conditioning to reach maximum power density. This process may last up to tens of hours and adds to the cost of commercial fuel cell technology. We present an accelerated conditioning procedure involving starving the cathode of oxidant. In single cells, this procedure conditions a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) within 40 min, without compromising durability. The performance and durability of MEAs conditioned using this technique are compared with US Department of Energy (DOE) and European Union (EU) harmonized protocols, and to an amperometric conditioning protocol. The time to reach peak power density using cathode starvation conditioning is <10% of the time required for DOE, EU, and amperometric protocols. Conditioned MEAs were subjected to accelerated degradation by cycling the cell voltage between 0.6 V and open-circuit voltage under low relative humidity. Degradation was found to be caused by loss of electrochemical surface area of the cathode, which in turn increases the charge transfer resistance of the MEA. MEAs conditioned using cathode starvation experienced only a 15% loss in performance; in contrast to 19, 17 and 17% losses in performance caused by the DOE, EU, and amperometric protocols, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41564398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atomic-scale studies of garnet-type Mg3Fe2Si3O12: Defect chemistry, diffusion and dopant properties","authors":"Navaratnarajah Kuganathan , Alexander Chroneos","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Materials with low cost, environmentally benign, high structural stability and high Mg content are of considerable interest for the construction of rechargeable Mg-ion batteries. In the present study, atomistic simulations are used to provide insights into defect and diffusion properties of garnet type Mg<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>. Calculations reveal that the Mg–Fe anti-site defect cluster (0.44 eV/defect) is the lowest energy intrinsic defect process. Three dimensional Mg-ion migration pathway with the activation energy of 2.19 eV suggests that Mg-ion diffusion in this material is slow. Favourable isovalent dopants are found to be Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Ga<sup>3+</sup> and Ge<sup>4+</sup> on the Mg, Fe and Si sites respectively. While the formation of Mg interstitials required for the capacity is facilitated by Al doping on the Si site, Mg vacancies needed for the vacancy assisted Mg-ion diffusion are enhanced by Ge doping on the Fe site. The electronic structures of favourable dopants are calculated and discussed using density functional theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"96830021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly stable metal halide perovskite microcube anodes for lithium-air batteries","authors":"Athanasia Kostopoulou , Dimitra Vernardou , Dimitra Makri , Konstantinos Brintakis , Kyriaki Savva , Emmanuel Stratakis","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal halide perovskites have been recently proposed as hopeful materials for energy storage applications. Besides, the quite important electrochemical characteristics of these materials, all the perovskite-based anodes are synthesized at high temperatures (90–150 °C) and with reaction durations of the order of tens of hours. In this work, it has been particularly shown that the direct growth of all-inorganic, metal halide microcrystals free of ligands, provides high-performance and stable electrodes for Li-air batteries. We describe a very simple and rapid method to synthesize well-crystalline and ultra-stable, at both ambient and aqueous conditions, CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> microcubes, exhibiting prominent electrochemical performance. In particular, it is shown that during the successive scans in which the Li-ions intercalate and deintercalate, the microcubes-based anodes showed a high specific capacity of 549 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup> and operation durability up to 1500 cycles. The large interfacial area between the perovskite electroactive material and the electrolyte along with the increase of the active sites on the exposed microcubes facets favor the Li-ions intercalation. It is concluded that the anodes presented here demonstrate the best electrochemical features among the nano- and microparticulate lead halide perovskite anodes used for Li-air batteries, to date.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54919075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingqing Zhao, Shujiang Geng, Xingye Gao, Gang Chen, Fuhui Wang
{"title":"Ni/NiFe2 dual-layer coating for SOFC steel interconnects application","authors":"Qingqing Zhao, Shujiang Geng, Xingye Gao, Gang Chen, Fuhui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ni/NiFe<sub>2</sub> dual-layer coating is fabricated on SUS 430 stainless steel by magnetron sputtering for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) interconnect application. Ni/NiFe<sub>2</sub> coated steels are exposed to air at 800 °C for duration of up to 10 weeks in comparison with NiFe<sub>2</sub> coated steels. Ni/NiFe<sub>2</sub> coating is thermally converted to an oxide structure with an inner NiO layer and an outer NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel layer. NiO/NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> oxide layer is more effective in blocking Cr migration and reducing oxidation rate during long-term exposure than a single NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> layer converted from NiFe<sub>2</sub> coating. Enhancements on oxidation resistance and Cr-blocking capability are attributed to NiO layer serving as a diffusion barrier between Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100011"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"101882545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xu Liu , Giuseppe Antonio Elia , Stefano Passerini
{"title":"Evaluation of counter and reference electrodes for the investigation of Ca battery materials","authors":"Xu Liu , Giuseppe Antonio Elia , Stefano Passerini","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing needs for electrochemical storage systems are pushing the research community to explore alternatives to Li-ion technology. Ca-based chemistry is attracting more and more attention and expectation. However, the unsuitability of Ca metal as counter and reference electrodes limits the research activity on the topic. Herein we propose a simple electrochemical cell configuration employing activated carbon as counter and reference electrodes, which is suitable for positive electrode screening. The feasibility of this cell configuration has been confirmed by evaluating the electrochemical activity of bilayered-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> in the Ca-ion system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46545554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Sadeghi Alavijeh , Sandeep Bhattacharya , Owen Thomas , Carmen Chuy , Erik Kjeang
{"title":"A rapid mechanical durability test for reinforced fuel cell membranes","authors":"Alireza Sadeghi Alavijeh , Sandeep Bhattacharya , Owen Thomas , Carmen Chuy , Erik Kjeang","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2020.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An in situ accelerated mechanical stress test (ΔP-AMST) that applies relative humidity (RH) cycling combined with a pressure differential (ΔP) at a high temperature is proposed to accelerate mechanical degradation in all types of reinforced membranes used in fuel cells and obtain mechanical failure in a relatively short time. For validation, ePTFE reinforced membranes are mechanically degraded by RH cycling accelerated by means of a ΔP applied from cathode to anode using a custom designed polycarbonate spacer. Reinforced membrane failure detected by ΔP loss is reached within ∼10 to 10,000 RH cycles using this method, depending on the level of applied ΔP. The ΔP-AMST protocol is hence demonstrated as a fast, economical in situ alternative compared to existing methods for evaluating the mechanical fatigue durability of advanced fuel cell membranes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"110584712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}