{"title":"Multicomponent calibration of forces and moments - An overview of the various technical approaches","authors":"Daniel Schwind","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The calibration of multi-component transducers is getting increasingly important. It is becoming apparent that different procedures are needed for their calibration, based on the very different requirements of the applications. This also results in different requirements for the Multicomponent Standard Machines, which are used to calibrate the transducers.</div><div>As the global infrastructure of multicomponent calibration is still largely underdeveloped, this paper provides an overview of the accredited laboratories in Germany and presents the main principles of multicomponent calibration machines that have already been realised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concrete Testing Machines – Verifying the upper platen and machine components with 3D printed positioning mechanisms","authors":"Emanuel Paquete Correia","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A practical case of substituting the upper platen of a concrete compression testing machine will be presented, where original 3D printed positioning mechanisms are used in the verification of the machine according to Standard NP EN 12390-4:2021. Due to time constraints for this maintenance operation, the dimensions of these first prints were not properly verified and were later found to be out of the specified tolerances. However, machine verification results did, unexpectedly, turn out to be satisfactory and were validated by comparison to a later verification made by an ISO 17025-accredited laboratory. The dimensional inaccuracy was a consequence of the lack of calibration of the printer's axis and extruder motors, which has been successfully accomplished. In spite of the ongoing difficulties, these tools are worth it for their lightness, simplicity of usage and adaptive design, as well as the low costs and ease of production with a 3D printer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metrological characterisation of the (0.2–100) N deadweight force standard machine with digital twin","authors":"Lin Shuo , Qu Zhuo","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new set of 100 N deadweight force standard machine was developed in JLIM, which is able to realising the force from 0.2 N to 100 N with 60 force steps. Due to the use of high strength carbon fibre material in loading frames, the machine achieves the lower limit of 0.2 % FS without balance mechanism, and the frame dimension is suitable for different capacities of force transducers. This work introduces the mechanical structure and working principle. In particular, the loading rate is analysed and optimised for both static and dynamic stiffness of weight groups. The digital twin of the device is established, and an intelligent management system is installed. It describes also the determination of the uncertainties of this force standard machine, including the uncertainty due to the effects come from environment and the fixed framework. Measurements were performed and the results show that the estimated uncertainties are satisfactory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Falk Tegtmeier, Frank Hauschild, Christian Schlegel, Jonas Sander
{"title":"General developments in force and torque metrology at PTB","authors":"Falk Tegtmeier, Frank Hauschild, Christian Schlegel, Jonas Sander","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides a horizontal overview of the developments in the field of force and torque measurement at PTB and plans for the future. The EMRP SIB63 project “Force traceability within the meganewton range”, in which the traceability range was increased from 16.5 MN to 50 MN, and the EMPIR project 18SIB08 “Comprehensive traceability for force metrology services”, which aimed to provide traceable calibration of dynamic processes, are presented. PTB's research work in torque metrology has focused on the new 5 MN·m torque standard machine (TSM). The requirements for torque measurement in the drivetrain in nacelle test benches were investigated in the research project 14IND14 “MN·m Torque”. PTB developed and realised the concept for a TSM with a nominal torque of up to 5 MN m. To provide traceability for the investigation and analysis of wind turbines in corresponding test benches, the EMPIR project 19ENG08 “Traceable mechanical and electrical power measurement for efficiency determination of wind turbines” developed a method for determining the efficiency of wind turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Š. Ališić , A. Malengo , Z. Zelenka , J. Zůda , G. Popa , B. Mangutova-Stoilkovska , D. Pantić , M. Coenegrachts , M. Miteva , R. Hanrahan , I. Kolozinsky , A. Alić , A. Bolovan , T. Petkov
{"title":"Pilot study comparison of developed and improved mass scale measurement capabilities","authors":"Š. Ališić , A. Malengo , Z. Zelenka , J. Zůda , G. Popa , B. Mangutova-Stoilkovska , D. Pantić , M. Coenegrachts , M. Miteva , R. Hanrahan , I. Kolozinsky , A. Alić , A. Bolovan , T. Petkov","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the Pilot Study was the calibration of sub-multiples of the kilogram, which was organised as a EURAMET Pilot Study in order to demonstrate a diagnostic comparison for the developed and improved Calibration Measurement Capability (CMC), while realising the mass scale of the participating National Measurement Institutes (NMIs). Due to the instability of some weights a simplified method was used to evaluate the results. It compares the laboratory result for each weight with the reference value obtained by the fitted weighted trendline, including the correlation due to the Consensus Value. It was the first time that the method of subdivision of a decade has been compared among laboratories by comparing the individual mass differences of the design matrix. The aim of improving capabilities and realising the mass scale with uncertainties of 1/3 mpe of the OIML Class E<sub>1</sub> tolerance was achieved by the participating NMIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of natural variations in axle loads","authors":"Jonas Mecke, Gisa Foyer, Oliver Mack","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large vehicles such as heavy-duty trucks need to be prevented from damaging important infrastructure due to overloading. However, the methods of weighing such vehicles are restricted and the knowledge on the effects on axle loads is limited. Based on extensive measurement campaigns some effects on the variations of axle loads are analysed. These are namely the driving direction, the type of suspension and the numbers of axles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research regarding the double-weighing in air volume determination method","authors":"Yi Su, Liyuan Cheng, Zhongqi Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study utilised a combination of error correction models and an influence mechanism function analysis to study the influence mechanism of air density on volume determination by the double-weighing in air method. The results revealed the law of the combined error of air density and surface desorption with atmospheric pressure. For the perspective of a single fluid, the principle of volume determination by the double-weighing in air method within a small density variation range was clarified. An error correction model for volume determination by the double-weighing in air method was also built; this model was based on the physical properties of thermal expansion. Based on the mathematical model and the working principle of the measuring device, three primary factors that affected the results were identified and analysed: the atmospheric pressure range, the weight surface desorption effect, and the mass comparator properties. Taking 20 g, 500 g, and 1 kg OIML stainless-steel weights as examples, the volumes determined by this method were compared with those determined by the hydrostatic method. The normalised error was less than one, which proves that the results of this method were consistent with those of the hydrostatic method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role and tasks of National Metrological Institutions in regular training of metrologists","authors":"Tetyana Gordiyenko, Oleh Velychko","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of the national metrology system is important for supporting scientific progress, innovations, technologies and competitiveness of enterprises of any country. For this, specialists must be able to work in all sectors of the economy. The shortage of professional human resources in the field of metrology and the need for their continuous development are still felt by many countries of the world. The paper is devoted to issues of development and functioning of the national infrastructure of training and advanced training for specialists in the field of information and measurement technologies. The structure of higher and postgraduate education in this field in Ukraine is described. It was established that the need for retraining of personnel for national metrology system a common practice for national metrological institute. Continuous training and advanced training of metrological personnel in the field of legal metrology and specific types of measurements is a necessary reality today.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Behr , S. Bauer , M. Kraus , O. Kieler , Y. Pimsut , L. Palafox
{"title":"Accurate measurements with Josephson-based quantum voltage standards","authors":"R. Behr , S. Bauer , M. Kraus , O. Kieler , Y. Pimsut , L. Palafox","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we present a range of quantum-based measurement systems that we have developed for applications in the field of metrology. The core of these systems are Josephson arrays, which we manufacture in our clean room. Pulse-driven Josephson voltage standards are used in Josephson impedance measuring bridges. Due to their flexibility automated impedance calibrations can be performed over a wide frequency range from 50 Hz to 50 kHz in a single bridge. At 1233 Hz uncertainties of parts in 10<sup>9</sup> for 1:1-capacitance ratios with 10 nF are realised – comparable to world-class IVD-based impedance bridges. Programmable Josephson voltage standards allow us to calibrate DC and AC voltages with uncertainties at the level of parts in 10<sup>10</sup>, few parts in 10<sup>8</sup> (up to kHz range), and below 5 parts in 10<sup>6</sup> up to 100 kHz, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teaching of electronic circuits for measuring technology at the Faculty of electrical engineering, department of measutrement, CTU in Prague","authors":"Jan Holub, Jakub Svatos, Josef Vedral","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper outlines teaching methods for analog and analog-to-digital electronic circuits used to process and digitize signals from common physical sensors at the Department of Measurement, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague. The methods include using single-purpose functional units, a virtual instrumentation suite, and analog systems for teaching. The use of simulation programs supports the teaching of these circuits. It has proven to be very effective in laboratory classes. Class success rates and student survey ratings support the effectiveness of this teaching approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}