Current Research in Microbial Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Impact of disinfection methods used in the slaughterhouse environment on microbiome diversity throughout the meat production chain","authors":"Wissal Naim ,&nbsp;Julia Manetsberger ,&nbsp;Leyre Lavilla Lerma ,&nbsp;Nabil Benomar ,&nbsp;Natacha Caballero Gómez ,&nbsp;Inmaculada S. Cuesta-Bertomeu ,&nbsp;Jaime Ángel Gata Díaz ,&nbsp;Hikmate Abriouel","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slaughterhouse environments are prone to microbial contamination, influenced by factors like set-up, size and area as well as disinfection practices. Thus, effective control measures are crucial to prevent the spread of pathogens and their contaminant genes (antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors) throughout the food chain. In the present study, we assessed the microbial contamination in environmental surfaces of three slaughterhouses located in the Jaén province (Spain). We also evaluated the impact of different disinfection strategies on microbial loads and diversity by means of culture dependent and independent methods. The results revealed a statistically significant inter- and intra-specific differences in microbial loads including the most important pathogens such as pseudomonads, staphylococci, <em>Escherichia coli, Salmonella</em> sp. and <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em>. Disinfection strategies using routine disinfectant (used by the slaughterhouse), HLE disinfectant, UV, or combinations thereof showed varying effectiveness. The newly developed sustainable HLE disinfectant was most effective, while UV had the lowest disinfection strength, and routine disinfectants failed to eradicate all pathogens.</div><div>Metagenomic analysis identified Pseudomonadota as the dominant phylum, followed by Actinomycetota and Bacteroidota. Results furthermore indicated shifts from sacrifice to cold rooms, with an increase in Gammaproteobacteria, particularly <em>Moraxellaceae</em> (represented by <em>Psychrobacter cryohalolentis</em>) over <em>Acinetobacter</em> sp. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of HLE disinfectant (alone or in combination with the routine disinfectant) as a more effective disinfection measure on environmental surfaces, particularly for combating multi-drug resistant pathogens compared to other disinfection methods currently used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrelationship between altered metabolites and the gut microbiota in people living with HIV with different immune responses to antiretroviral therapy","authors":"Xuebin Tian ,&nbsp;Zhongyao Gao ,&nbsp;Yiwen Xie ,&nbsp;Xiangyun Lu ,&nbsp;Yulong Zhao ,&nbsp;Peng Yao ,&nbsp;Mingqing Dong ,&nbsp;Lifeng Yu ,&nbsp;Nanping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively reduces opportunistic infections and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH); however, some patients exhibit poor immune recovery. This study explores the connections among immune responses, metabolites, and the gut microbiota in PLWH with differing reactions to ART.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the gut microbiota composition, metabolites, and immune markers in 38 PLWH who showed an immunological response (IR) and 32 who did not (INR), as classified according to CD4+ T-cell levels after 24 months of ART. Additionally, in vitro assays using cell counting kit 8, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR were employed to assess the effects of the metabolites on cell viability, immune marker expression, and cytokine levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gut microbiota and metabolic profiles differed significantly between the IR and INR groups. <em>Enterococcus</em> was more abundant in the INR group, whereas <em>[Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group</em> levels were reduced. Significant metabolic pathway alterations included decreased folate biosynthesis and biotin metabolism. We observed negative associations of <em>Parabacteroides</em> with activation markers on CD4+ T-cells, and positive correlations with CD4/CD8 ratios. <em>Enterococcus</em> showed inverse relationships with these markers. Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside (area under the curve value = 0.8931), had the best discriminatory ability. Further experiments showed that Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside significantly decreased the proportions of CD4+CD57+, effector CD4+, CD4+PD1+, CD8+CD57+, effector CD8+, and CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells. Moreover, mRNA expression analysis showed that Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside treatment led to a suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The multi-omics approach highlighted potential biomarkers for immune recovery in HIV, suggesting avenues for further research into treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic conversion of phenol to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for addressing dual environmental challenges: A review","authors":"Izzati Sabri ,&nbsp;Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff ,&nbsp;Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad ,&nbsp;Li Sim Ho ,&nbsp;Norhayati Ramli","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sustainable approach to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production involves utilizing waste as a substrate, which can include toxic pollutants like phenol as a carbon feedstock. Phenol-contaminated effluents offer cost-effective and readily available resources for PHA production, while simultaneously addressing phenol contamination issues. Understanding the metabolic conversion of phenol to PHA is crucial to enhance its efficiency, especially considering phenol's toxicity to microbial cells and the substrate-dependent nature of microbial PHA production. In this review, the mechanisms of phenol biodegradation and PHA biosynthesis are first independently elucidated to comprehend the role of bacteria in these processes. Phenol can be metabolized aerobically via various pathways, including catechol <em>meta</em>-cleavage I and II, catechol <em>ortho</em>-cleavage, protocatechuate <em>ortho</em>-cleavage, and protocatechuate <em>meta</em>-cleavage, as well as anaerobically via 4-hydrozybenzoate and/or n-caproate formation. Meanwhile, PHA can be synthesized through the acetoacetyl-CoA (pathway I), <em>de novo</em> fatty acids synthesis (pathway II), β-oxidation (pathway III), and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, with the induction of these pathways are highly dependent on the substrate. Given that the link between these two mechanisms was not comprehensively reported before, the second part of the review delve into understanding phenol conversion into PHA, specifically polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). While phenol toxicity can inhibit bacterial performance, it can be alleviated through the utilization of microbial mixed culture (MMC), which offers a wider range of metabolic capabilities. Utilizing phenol as a carbon feedstock for PHB accumulation could offer a viable approach to boost PHA's commercialization while addressing the issue of phenol pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas rossensis sp. nov., a novel psychrotolerant species produces antimicrobial agents targeting resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Kateřina Snopková ,&nbsp;Karel Sedlář ,&nbsp;Dana Nováková ,&nbsp;Eva Staňková ,&nbsp;Ivo Sedláček ,&nbsp;Ondřej Šedo ,&nbsp;Veronika Holá","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extreme conditions of the Antarctic environment have driven the evolution of highly specialized microbial communities with unique adaptations. In this study, we characterized five <em>Pseudomonas</em> isolates from James Ross Island, which displayed notable taxonomic and metabolite features. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that strain P2663^T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within the <em>Pseudomonas</em> genus, related to species <em>Pseudomonas svalbardensis, Pseudomonas silesiensis, Pseudomonas mucoides, Pseudomonas prosekii</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas gregormendelii</em>. The novelty of five Antarctic isolates was further confirmed through analyses of housekeeping genes, ribotyping, and REP-PCR profiling. MALDI-TOF MS analysis identified 11 unique mass spectrometry signals shared by the Antarctic isolates, which were not detected in other related species. Additionally, chemotaxonomic characterization, including fatty acid composition, demonstrated similarities with related <em>Pseudomonas</em> species. Phenotypic assessments revealed distinctive biochemical and physiological traits.</div><div>In-depth genomic analysis of strain P2663^T uncovered numerous genes which could be involved in survival in extreme Antarctic conditions, including those encoding cold-shock and heat-shock proteins, oxidative and osmotic stress response proteins, and carotenoid-like pigments. Genome mining further revealed several biosynthetic gene clusters, some of which are associated with antimicrobial activity. Functional assays supported the antimicrobial capabilities of this novel species, showing antagonistic effects against clinical isolates of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, possibly mediated by tailocins (phage tail-like particles).</div><div>This comprehensive polyphasic study characterized a new cold-adapted species, for which we propose the name <em>Pseudomonas rossensis</em> sp. nov.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the role of the PhoP master regulator in arsenite resistance through ackA downregulation in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei","authors":"Daniela Corrales ,&nbsp;Cristina Alcántara ,&nbsp;Dinoraz Vélez ,&nbsp;Vicenta Devesa ,&nbsp;Vicente Monedero ,&nbsp;Manuel Zúñiga","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In bacteria, the two-component system PhoPR plays an important role in regulating many genes related to phosphate uptake and metabolism. In <em>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</em> inactivation of the response regulator PhoP results in increased resistance to arsenite [As(III)]. A comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that the absence of PhoP has a strong effect on the transcriptome, with about 57.5 % of <em>Lc. paracasei</em> genes being differentially expressed, although only 92 of the upregulated genes and 23 of the downregulated genes reached a fold change greater than 2. Among them, the <em>phnDCEB</em> cluster, encoding a putative ABC phosphonate transporter and the acetate kinase encoding gene <em>ackA</em> (LCABL_01600) were downregulated tenfold and sevenfold, respectively. In vitro binding assays with selected PhoP-regulated genes showed that phosphorylation of PhoP stimulated its binding to the promoter regions of <em>pstS</em> (phosphate ABC transporter binding subunit), <em>phnD</em> and <em>glnA</em> glutamine synthetase) whereas no binding to the <em>poxL</em> (pyruvate oxidase) or <em>ackA</em> putative promoter regions was detected. This result identified for the first time three genes/operons belonging to the Pho regulon in a <em>Lactobacillaceae</em> species. Mapping of the reads obtained in the transcriptomic analysis revealed that transcription of <em>ackA</em> was severely diminished in the PhoP mutant after a hairpin structure located within the <em>ackA</em> coding region. Inactivation of <em>phnD</em> did not affect As(III) resistance whereas inactivation of <em>ackA</em> resulted in the same level of resistance as that observed in the PhoP mutant. These finding strongly suggests that PhoP mutant As(III) resistance is due to downregulation of <em>ackA</em>. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of melioidosis and its associated risk factors –A population-based study in Odisha, Eastern India","authors":"Bijayini Behera ,&nbsp;Arvind K Singh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahmad ,&nbsp;Lipipuspa Rout ,&nbsp;Jayanti Jena ,&nbsp;Asmita Patnaik ,&nbsp;Pradeep Behera ,&nbsp;Payal Priyadarshini ,&nbsp;Dhruv Pandey ,&nbsp;Po-Lin Chan ,&nbsp;Biswa Prakash Dutta ,&nbsp;Prasanta R. Mohapatra ,&nbsp;Jitendriya Amrit Pritam ,&nbsp;Srujana Mohanty ,&nbsp;Ashoka Mahapatra ,&nbsp;Abhisek Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melioidosis, caused by <em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em>, is an emerging disease in Odisha, a state in eastern coastal India. Difficult to diagnose, the disease is likely to be severely underreported. Seroprevalence studies in the general population are deemed necessary for an estimate of melioidosis endemicity and to explore the associated risk factors. A population-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted using Indirect Hemagglutination Assay (IHA) among 1920 participants aged 5–60 years residing in six out of thirty districts of Odisha from August to December 2023. Seropositivity was defined as an IHA titer ≥ 1:20. The risk factors associated with seropositivity were determined. Out of 1920 individuals, 1215 (63.3 %) were females and 1680 (87.5 %) were rural residents. 410 out of 1920 individuals had IHA titer ≥ 1:20, contributing to an overall prevalence of 20.9 % [95 % CI: 19.0 % - 22.7 %]. Seropositivity was highest among those aged 21 to 30 years [23.2 % (95 % CI: 19.2 % - 27.4 %)], and in females [21.7 % (95 % CI: 19.4 % – 24.1 %)]. The odds of seropositivity were 1.64 [95 % CI: 1.097 - 2.436, p= 0.016] times higher among rural residents than urban residents with people engaged in cultivation, daily activities involving soil, and water bodies having higher odds of seropositivity (Crude Odds Ratios, 1.22, 1.11 and 1.17 respectively).The present study, covering a single post-monsoon season in Odisha, has yielded a 20.9 % melioidosis seropositivity, matching previous Indian studies with <em>B. pseudomallei</em> seropositivity rates ranging from 20–29 %. The study indicates towards widespread environmental presence of <em>B. pseudomallei</em>, more so in rural areas and thus risk of clinical melioidosis. Adoption of public health interventions as well creation of awareness is of paramount importance in such a scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategies","authors":"Guangxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuren Shi ,&nbsp;Haoyu Ge,&nbsp;Yuanzhou Wang,&nbsp;Lu Lu,&nbsp;Shibo Jiang,&nbsp;Qian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent report of the first fatality associated with infection by influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, identified as genotype D1.1, which is distinct from the B3.13 genotype, has sparked fears of a potential human pandemic. However, the genetic relationships between B3.13 and D1.1, as well as their origins, host adaptability, and antiviral resistance, remain poorly understood. Here we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic and comparative analysis of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b across multiple species, in order to identify the molecular characteristics and frequency of resistance mutations in these two genotypes, elucidate their evolutionary trajectories, and assess their implications for public health. Our results demonstrate that B3.13 exhibits mammalian adaptability, while D1.1 retains avian adaptability. Importantly, both genotypes display limited occurrences of human-like signatures, which can help alleviate public anxiety. Additionally, the emergence of the resistance mutations in the clade 2.3.4.4b on the binding sites of antivirals calls for the development of multi-target antiviral strategies to mitigate the risk of resistant strain reassortment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human microbiome in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS)","authors":"Arezoo Fallah ,&nbsp;Hamid Sedighian ,&nbsp;Reza Kachuei ,&nbsp;Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2019, is still ongoing. SARS-CoV-2, also known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is the causative agent. Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are common GI symptoms observed in a significant number of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the respiratory and GI tracts express high level of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), making them primary sites for human microbiota and targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A growing body of research indicates that individuals with COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) exhibit considerable alterations in their microbiome. In various human disorders, including diabetes, obesity, cancer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and several viral infections, the microbiota play a significant immunomodulatory role.</div><div>In this review, we investigate the potential therapeutic implications of the interactions between host microbiota and COVID-19. Microbiota-derived metabolites and components serve as primary mediators of microbiota-host interactions, influencing host immunity. We discuss the various mechanisms through which these metabolites or components produced by the microbiota impact the host's immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we address confounding factors in microbiome studies. Finally, we examine and discuss about a range of potential microbiota-based prophylactic measures and treatments for COVID-19 and PACS, as well as their effects on clinical outcomes and disease severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spatial mapping of melioidosis exposure in the eastern Indian state of Odisha","authors":"TS Sarin ,&nbsp;V. Vinoj ,&nbsp;Gopika Pragna Gujjula ,&nbsp;Bijayini Behera ,&nbsp;Jayanti Jena ,&nbsp;Srujana Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melioidosis, a potentially fatal yet treatable disease complex caused by environmental Gram-negative saprophyte <em>Burkholderia pseudomallei,</em> is an ignored and neglected clinical entity. Excluding the hyperendemic regions of Thailand and Australia, the Indian subcontinent is among the areas with the highest predicted global burden of this disease. Melioidosis is not a notifiable disease in India, and in the last decade, most of the published cases have come from western coastal India and Odisha. The extent of the prevalence of melioidosis and its relationship with various climatic elements need to be better understood, and only a small number of studies have focused on it. Given the mortality of melioidosis, which is around 50 % worldwide, the identification of vulnerable locations is crucial for government entities and policymakers for the effective management and mitigation of the disease. In numerous studies, the prevalence of melioidosis is significantly linked to weather parameters such as rainfall, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, and solar radiation. In this study, using hospital records of the disease and weather parameters from reanalysis datasets, we estimated the potential exposure of different regions in Odisha, a state in eastern India, a leading recorder of melioidosis cases annually. Our analysis reveals that the disease exhibits a clear seasonality, with most cases occurring during the monsoon season (higher by a factor of two compared to other seasons). Disease occurrence also exhibits relationships with temperature, rainfall, cloud cover and solar radiation. Analysis using these variables on disease exposure reveals that all regions of Odisha are vulnerable to melioidosis to variable degrees, out of which the districts of Cuttack, Balasore, Khordha and Jajpur are most vulnerable. The results obtained are expected to increase awareness regarding the potential risk of the issue and help government agencies develop effective mitigation measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in microbial degradation of skatole: A review","authors":"Bingjie Xu ,&nbsp;Wen Qiu ,&nbsp;Xinhua Gao ,&nbsp;Haiyan Ni ,&nbsp;Xuanyu Tao ,&nbsp;Lina Sun ,&nbsp;Weiguang Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, foul odors have led to widespread public complaints and have become a prominent issue in the field of environmental protection. Skatole, as one of the important components of foul odors, is a decomposition product of tryptophan in the intestines of animals and is mainly found in animal feces. Skatole not only has significant pulmonary toxicity to animals but also poses potential carcinogenic risks to humans. The biological method of removing skatole has the notable advantages of being cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly. However, current research on the microbial degradation of skatole is still insufficient, the metabolic pathways for microbial degradation of skatole are not yet fully elucidated, and there is a lack of research on the functional genes involved in degradation. This review outlines skatole's production and distribution in solid, liquid, and gas media, identifies microorganisms capable of skatole degradation, and examines the microbial degradation mechanisms and influencing factors. Additionally, we summarize the hydroxyindole oxidative ring-opening pathway for skatole degradation in anaerobic conditions and multiple aerobic pathways, including oxidative ring-opening and ring-cleaving. Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase is proposed as a key enzyme in the downstream metabolism of microbial skatole degradation, offering guidance for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}