Current Research in Microbial Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Meropenem stress drives lipid remodeling and resistance gene dissemination via outer membrane vesicles in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Fangfang Fan ,&nbsp;Qiuyuan Shi ,&nbsp;Guangzhang Chen ,&nbsp;Huahan Zhan ,&nbsp;Siqian Deng ,&nbsp;Yibing Peng ,&nbsp;Li Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbapenem-resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (CRKP) has emerged as a critical global health threat, fueled by escalating antibiotic resistance rates among clinical isolates. This study investigates the adaptive responses of CRKP to meropenem, a last-line β-lactam antibiotic, with a focus on the role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in resistance evolution. Under meropenem stress, CRKP exhibited significant upregulation of total lipid content within OMVs (CRKP-OMVs), particularly enriched in glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to enhance bacterial membrane integrity. Notably, CRKP-OMVs function as critical vehicles for the carbapenemase gene <em>bla</em>_KPC-2_. <strong>Furthermore</strong>, meropenem exposure significantly augments their horizontal gene transfer (HGT) efficiency. Compared to control OMVs, these drug-induced vesicles facilitated a 3.52-fold and 12.08-fold increase in <em>bla</em>_KPC-2 dissemination into carbapenem-susceptible <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> recipients, respectively. Proteomic profiling revealed meropenem-driven upregulation of efflux machinery (e.g., PET family inner membrane protein YccS, multidrug resistance outer membrane channel MdtQ) and lipid transporters (LptB, LplT, phospholipid-lipopolysaccharide ABC transporter). These findings demonstrate that meropenem exposure modulates OMVs' proteolipid composition and enhances biofilm formation, while simultaneously promoting OMV-mediated dissemination of resistance genes through their function as mobile genetic vectors under therapeutic pressure, suggesting a potential defensive mechanism against antibiotic penetration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100616"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148141434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to Phosphorus dynamics and sustainable agriculture: The role of microbial solubilization and innovations in nutrient management’ [Current Research in Microbial Sciences Volume 8, 2025, 100326]","authors":"José Abraham García-Berumen,&nbsp;Juan Armando Flores de la Torre,&nbsp;Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos,&nbsp;Alejandro Espinoza-Canales,&nbsp;Francisco Guadalupe Echavarría-Cháirez,&nbsp;Héctor Gutiérrez-Bañuelos","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100620"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The microbial strategies for the management of chemical pesticides: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ajay Kumar ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Solanki ,&nbsp;Manish Kumar ,&nbsp;Amit Kaushik ,&nbsp;Aditi Arya ,&nbsp;Mahaswetta Saikia ,&nbsp;Vivek Kumar Gaur ,&nbsp;Rahul Prashad Singh ,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Vipin Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Laurent Dufossé","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical pesticides considered as one of the emerging environmental contaminants that severally affect the human health and soil and water ecosystem. Despite their well-documented adverse effects on fruit quality, soil structure, the emergence of pesticide-resistant pests, and human well-being, chemical pesticides are still widely used for crop protection, particularly in developing countries. Although to manage the chemical pesticides, various traditional approaches have been employed, however the higher cost, and the generation of toxic residues have shifted research attention toward eco-friendly and sustainable bioremediation strategies. Microorganisms including the bacteria, fungi, and algae play a crucial role in pesticide degradation by transforming toxic compounds into less toxic forms. However, to optimize microbial bioremediation, a comprehensive understanding of microbial metabolism and physiology is essential. In this context, omics technologies such as genomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, offer powerful tools for elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in pesticide degradation. These approaches facilitate the identification of microorganism, key genes, enzymes, and metabolic pathways responsible for the breakdown of pesticide compounds and their by-products. Furthermore, advanced technology like the gene editing can enhance the efficacy of pesticides biodegradation by knocking out undesirable genes or introducing beneficial ones in the microorganisms. The Artificial intelligence also plays a significant role in analysing big data, understanding microbial communities’ structure, identifying nature of pesticides and selecting or predicting the microbial species with enhanced pesticides degrading efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100519"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol efficiency of native Bacillus sp. HC-9 on honeysuckle leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata","authors":"Xiyan Luo ,&nbsp;Pengjie He ,&nbsp;Jiajia Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Wenjia Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Cheng ,&nbsp;Wenyan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honeysuckle leaf spot disease, caused by <em>Alternaria alternata</em>, severely affects the yield and quality of honeysuckle crops. Biological control using native antagonist microorganisms offers a promising alternative to chemical fungicides. In this study, strain HC-9, previously isolated from honeysuckle leaves, was molecularly identified as <em>Bacillus</em> sp. This strain exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity, effectively inhibiting eight phytopathogenic fungi, including <em>A. alternata</em>, with an <em>in vitro</em> inhibition rate of 70.91 %<em>.</em> The cell-free supernatant of HC-9 fermentation broth demonstrated strong antifungal activity (72.79 % inhibition after 48 h of fermentation), which was concentration-dependent and stable under high temperature (100°C), UV exposure (1 h), and acidic conditions, though it was sensitive to alkaline environments. The supernatant also markedly suppressed <em>A. alternata</em> conidial germination by 82.02 % and induced significant hyphal morphological abnormalities<em>.</em> Enzymatic profiling showed that HC-9 produced extracellular enzymes such as protease, cellulase, chitinase, and β-1, 3-glucanase, which are likely contributors to fungal cell wall degradation. Moreover, treatments with HC-9 induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in honeysuckle leaves and enhanced the activity of defense-related and antioxidant enzymes, suggesting the activation of systemic resistance. Both pot and field trials showed that HC-9 significantly reduced disease severity, achieving biocontrol efficiencies of 66.52 %–71.28 % under greenhouse conditions and up to 80.52 % in the field. These findings highlight the potential of <em>Bacillus</em> sp. HC-9 as a promising biocontrol agent for the sustainable management of honeysuckle leaf spot disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protrichocysts: a hybrid defense extrusive organelle bridging mechanical projection and chemical secretion in ciliates","authors":"Kangqiao Dong ,&nbsp;Peilin Cai ,&nbsp;Liping Lyu ,&nbsp;Juan Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Wu ,&nbsp;Letizia Modeo ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Xinpeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extrusive organelles (extrusomes) represent a specialized class of dense-core granules in protists that exhibit remarkably complex morphology and secretory mechanisms compared to their metazoan counterparts, reflecting key adaptations in single-celled eukaryote evolution. Protrichocysts, which are among the most intricate projectile extrusomes in ciliates, have thus far been understood primarily in terms of their general morphology. In this study, we employed a comprehensive approach to investigate the protrichocysts of <em>Pseudourostyla cristata</em>, thereby expanding our understanding of these organelles. Through predator-prey interaction experiments and electron microscopy, we demonstrated the ejection of protrichocysts in response to a predator’s attack and revealed that their ejection process consists of three main stages: (i) cap dissolution, (ii) dual-phase body expansion, and (iii) controlled shaft exposure. Histochemical analysis indicated that extruded protrichocysts contain acid mucopolysaccharides and microtubules. SDS-PAGE and HPLC-MS/MS analyses identified the major protein bands and the presence of glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, and potential defense-related proteins. Single-cell transcriptome analysis suggested the involvement of conserved carboxypeptidase-mediated extrusome biogenesis. These findings establish protrichocysts as multifunctional organelles that employ a unique hybrid defense strategy combining mechanical projection with chemical secretion. Their distinctive microtubular cap architecture and specialized matrix composition further suggest potential roles in intercellular communication. Additionally, this research improves our understanding of protist extrusome biology and provides new insights into the evolution of eukaryotic secretory systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial SCFAs as epigenetic mediators: fine-tuning the gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative disorders","authors":"Xiaocui Xu ,&nbsp;Yiwen Cheng ,&nbsp;Xia Liu ,&nbsp;Wenwen Ding ,&nbsp;Zhangcheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Lingbin Wu ,&nbsp;Zongxin Ling ,&nbsp;Yongtao Gao ,&nbsp;Jing Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system linking the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (CNS). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbial metabolites produced through the anaerobic fermentation of dietary fiber. Growing evidence positions SCFAs as critical signaling molecules within this axis, capable of modulating key neurobiological processes relevant to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). SCFAs exert neuroprotective effects by mitigating neuroinflammation, promoting neurogenesis, enhancing synaptic plasticity, and preserving blood–brain barrier integrity. These actions are largely mediated through epigenetic mechanisms. Butyrate functions as a histone deacetylase inhibitor to alter gene expression related to neuronal survival, inflammation, and metabolism. SCFAs also influence DNA methylation dynamics via modulation of DNA methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes. Emerging findings suggest their involvement in novel histone modifications, such as lactylation. This review synthesizes current understanding of SCFA production, metabolic fate, and their multifaceted epigenetic actions in the brain, while evaluating their translational and therapeutic potential. Gut-derived SCFAs represent promising modulators of the brain’s epigenetic landscape. Elucidating their mechanisms offers a foundation for developing novel interventions, including dietary, probiotic, and epigenetics-based strategies, for the prevention and treatment of NDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous hydrogen sulfide reprograms mitochondrial respiration and modulates pathogenicity in Ustilago maydis","authors":"Emilio Espinoza-Simón ,&nbsp;Nayeli Torres-Ramírez ,&nbsp;Margarita Juárez-Montiel ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ríos-Castro ,&nbsp;Mariana M. García-Reyes ,&nbsp;Damián Ramírez-Robles ,&nbsp;Rosario Ortíz-Hernández ,&nbsp;Olga Echeverría-Martínez ,&nbsp;Lourdes Villa-Tanaca ,&nbsp;Francisco Torres-Quiroz","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur metabolism is a central determinant of microbial physiology and adaptation to environmental conditions. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a reactive sulfur species produced during cysteine metabolism, has recently emerged as a key regulator of mitochondrial function and redox signaling. However, its role in phytopathogenic fungi and its potential impact on fungal pathogenic behavior remain poorly understood.</div><div>Here, we show that metabolic conditions that enhance endogenous H₂S production in the maize phytopathogen <em>Ustilago maydis</em> trigger coordinated cellular remodeling. Elevated intracellular H₂S levels were associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, a shift from cytochrome-dependent respiration toward alternative oxidase (AOX)-mediated electron transport, and widespread proteomic reprogramming affecting mitochondrial, metabolic, and proteasomal pathways. These changes were accompanied by increased global protein S-sulfenylation and S-persulfidation, altered lipid distribution, and elevated hydrogen peroxide levels, indicating substantial remodeling of cellular redox homeostasis.</div><div>Functional consequences of this metabolic state were evaluated in maize infection assays. Although infection rates were not significantly altered, plants infected with cells exhibiting elevated endogenous H₂S levels displayed increased tumor formation and altered symptom progression.</div><div>Together, our findings indicate that increased H₂S production modulates mitochondrial respiration, redox regulation, and fungal pathogenic behavior in <em>Ustilago maydis</em>. This work highlights endogenous H₂S as an important regulatory node connecting microbial metabolism with host-pathogen interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100617"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148171351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated omics reveal a unique antibacterial mechanism of action for the small molecule HSI#6","authors":"Haitham Sedky ,&nbsp;Mohamed Belal Hamed ,&nbsp;Kurt Vermeire ,&nbsp;Joost Schymkowitz ,&nbsp;Spyridoula Karamanou ,&nbsp;Anastassios Economou","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous risk of antibiotic resistance development underscores the demand for new agents with mechanisms distinct from existing antibacterial drugs. Here, we investigated HSI#6, a small-molecule antibacterial previously identified as a SecA activator, using integrated omics and functional assays. HSI#6 exhibits a rapid, broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity, and induces a distinct cell envelope-homeostasis stress signature accompanied by global stress reprogramming. Time-resolved transcriptomics and proteomics revealed early activation of envelope stress regulons and oxidative stress pathways, followed by suppression of ribosome biogenesis and central metabolism. Comparative analysis and biomarker-based principal component analysis (PCA) positioned HSI#6 within the envelope stress mechanistic space, closely aligned with membrane-active antibiotics yet displaying a distinct signature. Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) combined with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed compensatory mutations in topoisomerase 1A gene (<em>topA</em>) and transcriptional regulators, without adaptive resistance emerged even under prolonged selection pressure. These findings establish HSI#6 as a mechanistically unique antibacterial agent with low resistance potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100613"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148178242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal profiling of microbiome of diabetic foot ulcers shows functional role of microbial communities in wound worsening and chronicity","authors":"Chandni Sachdeva ,&nbsp;Seetharam Shiva Prasad ,&nbsp;Kallya Rajgopal Shenoy ,&nbsp;Annappa Kudva ,&nbsp;Lakshminarayana Badareesh ,&nbsp;Bharath S Veerabhadrappa ,&nbsp;Sunil M Krishna ,&nbsp;Thokur Sreepathy Murali","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial communities in infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) play a critical role in wound morbidity and healing outcomes. While cross-sectional studies that profile the microbial communities using culture-independent approaches are available, we conducted a longitudinal microbiome analysis of 30 diabetic individuals to elucidate the relationship between microbial composition, host factors, and wound healing trajectories. Using a 16S rRNA-based metagenomic approach, we characterized the core microbial communities associated with DFU. Alpha diversity analysis revealed significant differences between DFU microbiome from same individuals across visits, and between DFU and non-DFU cohorts, while no significant differences in beta diversity was observed. Core microbiome analysis identified <em>Pseudomonas</em> to be consistently present across all cohorts, higher abundance of <em>Escherichia</em> and <em>Prevotella</em> in DFU samples across visits while <em>Acinetobacter</em> and <em>Morganella</em> were predominant in non-DFU wounds. Healed DFUs were enriched in <em>Alcaligenes</em> and <em>Corynebacterium</em> while worsened DFUs showed increased abundance of <em>Enterococcus</em> and <em>Serratia</em>. In amputated individuals, <em>Escherichia</em> was found in high abundance, while <em>Staphylococcus</em> was reduced. DFU subjects with high HbA1c levels (7.3–14.9%) had higher abundance of <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Acinetobacter</em>, while <em>Prevotella</em> and <em>Escherichia</em> were abundant in individuals with lower HbA1c (&lt;7.2%). Functional predictive profiling of microbiome communities using MicrobiomeAnalyst showed significant differences between healed and worsened DFUs, especially related to genes with roles in wound healing, drug resistance, biofilm formation, tissue invasion and pathogenicity. Our findings provide insights into the microbial ecology of DFUs, while the longitudinal screening of microbes associated with DFU revealed microbial dynamics and their probable role on wound outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional and cellular reprogramming in Anabaena sp. PCC7120 biofilms: implications for stress response","authors":"Irene Olivan-Muro,&nbsp;Alodia Liesa ,&nbsp;Emma Sevilla,&nbsp;María F. Fillat","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2026.100602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyanobacteria are major components of phototrophic biofilms, driving critical biogeochemical cycles and offering sustainable solutions for agriculture. However, the factors governing their transition from planktonic to sessile lifestyles remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated morphological and transcriptomic differences between planktonic cultures of the filamentous diazotroph <em>Anabaena</em> sp. PCC7120 and their biofilm counterparts. Comparative RNA-sequencing revealed a profound global reprogramming involving 17.7% of the genome, characterized by extensive cell envelope remodelling, a pronounced downregulation of anabolic activity, and the activation of multiple stress-response pathways. Stress assays revealed that nitrogen deficiency and increased salinity markedly enhanced biofilm formation, whereas iron deficiency produced contrasting effects, underscoring how metabolic state shapes the transition to surface-associated growth. These findings establish a direct connection between stress-adaptation pathways and sessile development, providing a framework for harnessing cyanobacterial biofilms in environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100602"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}