{"title":"对抗逆转录病毒治疗有不同免疫反应的艾滋病毒感染者体内代谢产物改变与肠道微生物群之间的相互关系","authors":"Xuebin Tian , Zhongyao Gao , Yiwen Xie , Xiangyun Lu , Yulong Zhao , Peng Yao , Mingqing Dong , Lifeng Yu , Nanping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100340","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively reduces opportunistic infections and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH); however, some patients exhibit poor immune recovery. This study explores the connections among immune responses, metabolites, and the gut microbiota in PLWH with differing reactions to ART.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the gut microbiota composition, metabolites, and immune markers in 38 PLWH who showed an immunological response (IR) and 32 who did not (INR), as classified according to CD4+ T-cell levels after 24 months of ART. Additionally, in vitro assays using cell counting kit 8, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR were employed to assess the effects of the metabolites on cell viability, immune marker expression, and cytokine levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gut microbiota and metabolic profiles differed significantly between the IR and INR groups. <em>Enterococcus</em> was more abundant in the INR group, whereas <em>[Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group</em> levels were reduced. Significant metabolic pathway alterations included decreased folate biosynthesis and biotin metabolism. We observed negative associations of <em>Parabacteroides</em> with activation markers on CD4+ T-cells, and positive correlations with CD4/CD8 ratios. <em>Enterococcus</em> showed inverse relationships with these markers. Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside (area under the curve value = 0.8931), had the best discriminatory ability. Further experiments showed that Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside significantly decreased the proportions of CD4+CD57+, effector CD4+, CD4+PD1+, CD8+CD57+, effector CD8+, and CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells. Moreover, mRNA expression analysis showed that Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside treatment led to a suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The multi-omics approach highlighted potential biomarkers for immune recovery in HIV, suggesting avenues for further research into treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783423/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Interrelationship between altered metabolites and the gut microbiota in people living with HIV with different immune responses to antiretroviral therapy\",\"authors\":\"Xuebin Tian , Zhongyao Gao , Yiwen Xie , Xiangyun Lu , Yulong Zhao , Peng Yao , Mingqing Dong , Lifeng Yu , Nanping Wu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100340\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively reduces opportunistic infections and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH); however, some patients exhibit poor immune recovery. This study explores the connections among immune responses, metabolites, and the gut microbiota in PLWH with differing reactions to ART.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the gut microbiota composition, metabolites, and immune markers in 38 PLWH who showed an immunological response (IR) and 32 who did not (INR), as classified according to CD4+ T-cell levels after 24 months of ART. Additionally, in vitro assays using cell counting kit 8, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR were employed to assess the effects of the metabolites on cell viability, immune marker expression, and cytokine levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gut microbiota and metabolic profiles differed significantly between the IR and INR groups. <em>Enterococcus</em> was more abundant in the INR group, whereas <em>[Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group</em> levels were reduced. Significant metabolic pathway alterations included decreased folate biosynthesis and biotin metabolism. We observed negative associations of <em>Parabacteroides</em> with activation markers on CD4+ T-cells, and positive correlations with CD4/CD8 ratios. <em>Enterococcus</em> showed inverse relationships with these markers. Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside (area under the curve value = 0.8931), had the best discriminatory ability. Further experiments showed that Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside significantly decreased the proportions of CD4+CD57+, effector CD4+, CD4+PD1+, CD8+CD57+, effector CD8+, and CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells. Moreover, mRNA expression analysis showed that Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside treatment led to a suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The multi-omics approach highlighted potential biomarkers for immune recovery in HIV, suggesting avenues for further research into treatment strategies.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":34305,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Current Research in Microbial Sciences\",\"volume\":\"8 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100340\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783423/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Current Research in Microbial Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000021\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MICROBIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000021","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)可有效降低HIV感染者(PLWH)的机会性感染和死亡率;然而,一些患者表现出较差的免疫恢复。本研究探讨了对ART有不同反应的PLWH的免疫反应、代谢物和肠道微生物群之间的联系。方法:根据抗逆转录病毒治疗24个月后的CD4+ t细胞水平,我们分析了38例出现免疫应答(IR)和32例未出现免疫应答(INR)的PLWH的肠道微生物群组成、代谢物和免疫标志物。此外,使用细胞计数试剂盒8、流式细胞术和实时定量反转录PCR进行体外检测,以评估代谢物对细胞活力、免疫标志物表达和细胞因子水平的影响。结果:肠道菌群和代谢谱在IR组和INR组之间有显著差异。INR组肠球菌含量较高,而[Ruminococcus] _gnavus_组含量较低。显著的代谢途径改变包括叶酸生物合成和生物素代谢减少。我们观察到副芽孢杆菌与CD4+ t细胞的激活标记物呈负相关,与CD4/CD8比值呈正相关。肠球菌与这些标志物呈反比关系。吲哚-3-乙酰- β -1- d -葡萄糖苷(曲线下面积= 0.8931)的鉴别能力最好。进一步实验表明,吲哚-3-乙酰- β -1- d -葡萄糖苷显著降低CD4+CD57+、效应CD4+、CD4+PD1+、CD8+CD57+、效应CD8+和CD8+HLA-DR+ T细胞的比例。此外,mRNA表达分析显示,吲哚-3-乙酰- β -1- d -葡萄糖苷处理导致促炎细胞因子的抑制。结论:多组学方法突出了HIV免疫恢复的潜在生物标志物,为进一步研究治疗策略提供了途径。
Interrelationship between altered metabolites and the gut microbiota in people living with HIV with different immune responses to antiretroviral therapy
Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively reduces opportunistic infections and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH); however, some patients exhibit poor immune recovery. This study explores the connections among immune responses, metabolites, and the gut microbiota in PLWH with differing reactions to ART.
Methods
We analyzed the gut microbiota composition, metabolites, and immune markers in 38 PLWH who showed an immunological response (IR) and 32 who did not (INR), as classified according to CD4+ T-cell levels after 24 months of ART. Additionally, in vitro assays using cell counting kit 8, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR were employed to assess the effects of the metabolites on cell viability, immune marker expression, and cytokine levels.
Results
Gut microbiota and metabolic profiles differed significantly between the IR and INR groups. Enterococcus was more abundant in the INR group, whereas [Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group levels were reduced. Significant metabolic pathway alterations included decreased folate biosynthesis and biotin metabolism. We observed negative associations of Parabacteroides with activation markers on CD4+ T-cells, and positive correlations with CD4/CD8 ratios. Enterococcus showed inverse relationships with these markers. Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside (area under the curve value = 0.8931), had the best discriminatory ability. Further experiments showed that Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside significantly decreased the proportions of CD4+CD57+, effector CD4+, CD4+PD1+, CD8+CD57+, effector CD8+, and CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells. Moreover, mRNA expression analysis showed that Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside treatment led to a suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Conclusion
The multi-omics approach highlighted potential biomarkers for immune recovery in HIV, suggesting avenues for further research into treatment strategies.