Current Research in Microbial Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Genome and transcriptome analysis of Chinese wheat powdery mildew isolate 21–2 for discovery of important virulence determinants","authors":"Fansong Zeng ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Yuan ,&nbsp;Minfeng Xue ,&nbsp;Wenqi Shi ,&nbsp;Shuangjun Gong ,&nbsp;Tom Hsiang ,&nbsp;Dazhao Yu ,&nbsp;Lijun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wheat powdery mildew caused by <em>Blumeria graminis</em> f. sp <em>tritici</em> (Bgt), an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen, is a destructive disease world-wide, particularly severe in China. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence variation and pathogenesis of Chinese Bgt isolates remain poorly understood. Here, we constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly (136.19 Mb) of Chinese isolate 21–2, with repetitive element expansion (predominantly retrotransposons), by integrating Illumina, PacBio, Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The genome was predicted to contain 9215 protein-coding genes, of which 1569 were assessed as pathogenicity-related genes. This included 998 effectors, 371 involved in pathogen-host interactions (PHI), 223 CAZymes-encoding with plant cell wall degrading capacity, and 79 lipase-coding implicated in pathogenic infection. Compared to Swiss isolate 96224, isolate 21–2 displayed a distinct virulence pattern on 21 wheat differential lines. Comparative genomics analysis revealed that variations in composition and sequence of effector genes between the two isolates resulted in different virulence spectra (e.g., <em>AvrPm1a, AvrPm3^a^2/f2, AvrPm3^b2/c2, AvrPm3^d3</em>). Transcriptome analysis of 21–2 revealed 64 effector genes exhibiting preferential expression during haustorial development, suggesting their potential involvement in pathogenesis. Among them, one can bind a defence-related protein of wheat and may play a key role in suppressing host immune responses and promoting disease progression. This study provides comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic insights into Chinese Bgt isolate 21–2, and reveals virulence determinants and their variants fundamental to pathogenesis. Future functional analysis of such genes will enhance our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of powdery mildews.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intratumor Rhodococcus sp. B513 drives DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma progression by modulating gut microbiota and angiogenesis","authors":"Qisha Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Yutong Yao ,&nbsp;Xuqi Sun ,&nbsp;Weijia Fang ,&nbsp;Yewei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with challenging clinical treatment. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that gut dysbiosis promotes HCC progression, and intratumoral bacteria play an essential role in carcinogenesis by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. However, the microbiome within liver tumor tissues remains poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the intratumoral microbiota of HCC and identified a specific bacterial taxon, <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. <em>B513</em>, that was enriched in tumor tissues. We found that <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. <em>B513</em> promoted HCC development partially by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and promoting angiogenesis. Moreover, <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. <em>B513</em> induced gut dysbiosis in HCC model, characterized by an increased abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria and a reduction in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) producing bacteria. Furthermore, administration of <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. <em>B513</em> introduced intestinal inflammation and permeability. Our results provided evidences for the cross-talk between the <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. <em>B513</em> and HCC progression, and suggested the potential prognostic and therapeutic value of the <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. <em>B513</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human microbiome in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS)","authors":"Arezoo Fallah ,&nbsp;Hamid Sedighian ,&nbsp;Reza Kachuei ,&nbsp;Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2019, is still ongoing. SARS-CoV-2, also known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is the causative agent. Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are common GI symptoms observed in a significant number of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the respiratory and GI tracts express high level of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), making them primary sites for human microbiota and targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A growing body of research indicates that individuals with COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) exhibit considerable alterations in their microbiome. In various human disorders, including diabetes, obesity, cancer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and several viral infections, the microbiota play a significant immunomodulatory role.</div><div>In this review, we investigate the potential therapeutic implications of the interactions between host microbiota and COVID-19. Microbiota-derived metabolites and components serve as primary mediators of microbiota-host interactions, influencing host immunity. We discuss the various mechanisms through which these metabolites or components produced by the microbiota impact the host's immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we address confounding factors in microbiome studies. Finally, we examine and discuss about a range of potential microbiota-based prophylactic measures and treatments for COVID-19 and PACS, as well as their effects on clinical outcomes and disease severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of microbiome community structure and dynamics during anaerobic digestion of different renewable solid wastes","authors":"Nicoletta Favale ,&nbsp;Stefania Costa ,&nbsp;Daniela Summa ,&nbsp;Silvia Sabbioni ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Mamolini ,&nbsp;Elena Tamburini ,&nbsp;Chiara Scapoli","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analysed the effect of the different lignocellulose composition of two crop substrates on the structure and dynamics of bacterial communities during anaerobic digestion (AD) processes for biogas production. To this end, cereal grains and grape pomace biomasses were analysed in parallel in an experimental AD bench-scale system to define and compare their metagenomic profiles for different experimental time intervals. The bacterial community structure and dynamics during the AD process were detected and characterised using high-resolution whole metagenomic shotgun analyses.</div><div>Statistical evaluation identified 15 strains as specific to two substrates. Some strains, like <em>Clostridium isatidis, Methanothermobacter wolfeii</em>, and <em>Methanobacter</em> sp. MB1 in cereal grains, and <em>Acetomicrobium hydrogeniformans</em> and <em>Acetomicrobium thermoterrenum</em> in grape pomace, were never before detected in biogas reactors. The presence of bacteria such as <em>Acetomicrobium</em> sp. and <em>Petrimonas mucosa</em>, which degrade lipids and protein-rich substrates, along with <em>Methanosarcina</em> sp. and <em>Peptococcaceae bacterium</em> 1109, which tolerate high hydrogen pressures and ammonia concentrations, suggests a complex syntrophic community in lignin-cellulose-enriched substrates. This finding could help develop new strategies for the production of a tailor-made microbial consortium to be inoculated from the beginning of the digestion process of specific lignocellulosic biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in microbial degradation of skatole: A review","authors":"Bingjie Xu ,&nbsp;Wen Qiu ,&nbsp;Xinhua Gao ,&nbsp;Haiyan Ni ,&nbsp;Xuanyu Tao ,&nbsp;Lina Sun ,&nbsp;Weiguang Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, foul odors have led to widespread public complaints and have become a prominent issue in the field of environmental protection. Skatole, as one of the important components of foul odors, is a decomposition product of tryptophan in the intestines of animals and is mainly found in animal feces. Skatole not only has significant pulmonary toxicity to animals but also poses potential carcinogenic risks to humans. The biological method of removing skatole has the notable advantages of being cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly. However, current research on the microbial degradation of skatole is still insufficient, the metabolic pathways for microbial degradation of skatole are not yet fully elucidated, and there is a lack of research on the functional genes involved in degradation. This review outlines skatole's production and distribution in solid, liquid, and gas media, identifies microorganisms capable of skatole degradation, and examines the microbial degradation mechanisms and influencing factors. Additionally, we summarize the hydroxyindole oxidative ring-opening pathway for skatole degradation in anaerobic conditions and multiple aerobic pathways, including oxidative ring-opening and ring-cleaving. Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase is proposed as a key enzyme in the downstream metabolism of microbial skatole degradation, offering guidance for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spatial mapping of melioidosis exposure in the eastern Indian state of Odisha","authors":"TS Sarin ,&nbsp;V. Vinoj ,&nbsp;Gopika Pragna Gujjula ,&nbsp;Bijayini Behera ,&nbsp;Jayanti Jena ,&nbsp;Srujana Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melioidosis, a potentially fatal yet treatable disease complex caused by environmental Gram-negative saprophyte <em>Burkholderia pseudomallei,</em> is an ignored and neglected clinical entity. Excluding the hyperendemic regions of Thailand and Australia, the Indian subcontinent is among the areas with the highest predicted global burden of this disease. Melioidosis is not a notifiable disease in India, and in the last decade, most of the published cases have come from western coastal India and Odisha. The extent of the prevalence of melioidosis and its relationship with various climatic elements need to be better understood, and only a small number of studies have focused on it. Given the mortality of melioidosis, which is around 50 % worldwide, the identification of vulnerable locations is crucial for government entities and policymakers for the effective management and mitigation of the disease. In numerous studies, the prevalence of melioidosis is significantly linked to weather parameters such as rainfall, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, and solar radiation. In this study, using hospital records of the disease and weather parameters from reanalysis datasets, we estimated the potential exposure of different regions in Odisha, a state in eastern India, a leading recorder of melioidosis cases annually. Our analysis reveals that the disease exhibits a clear seasonality, with most cases occurring during the monsoon season (higher by a factor of two compared to other seasons). Disease occurrence also exhibits relationships with temperature, rainfall, cloud cover and solar radiation. Analysis using these variables on disease exposure reveals that all regions of Odisha are vulnerable to melioidosis to variable degrees, out of which the districts of Cuttack, Balasore, Khordha and Jajpur are most vulnerable. The results obtained are expected to increase awareness regarding the potential risk of the issue and help government agencies develop effective mitigation measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cell wall-targeting urease-derived peptide as a potential antifungal agent against Candida species","authors":"Ana Paula A. Perin ,&nbsp;Julia C.V. Reuwsaat ,&nbsp;Heryk Motta ,&nbsp;Fernanda Cortez Lopes ,&nbsp;Matheus V.C. Grahl ,&nbsp;Andrea G. Tavanti ,&nbsp;Marilene H. Vainstein ,&nbsp;Charley C. Staats ,&nbsp;Célia R. Carlini ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun ,&nbsp;Lívia Kmetzsch","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Candida</em> species are the most common opportunistic fungi that cause cutaneous and systemic infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. The emergence of antifungal resistance has underscored the urgent need for new antifungal drugs, as highlighted by the World Health Organization in 2022 with the release of its first-ever fungal priority list. In this context, antimicrobial peptides present promising candidates for the development of alternative antimicrobial agents. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity of the <em>Proteus mirabilis</em> urease β subunit (PmUreβ; 12.2 kDa) against <em>Candida</em> species<em>.</em> PmUreβ reduced the viability of the tested <em>Candida</em> species by over 50 % at concentrations ranging from 2.25 to 9 µM, with the extend of the effect varying according to species and incubation temperature. It also decreased <em>Candida albicans</em> biofilm formation by 30 % at a higher concentration (18 µM). The mechanism of action of PmUreβ involves disruption of the cell wall integrity, as <em>C. albicans</em> cells treated with the recombinant peptide were protected by sorbitol, exhibited increased deposition of chitin in the cell wall, formed cell agglomerates, and downregulated genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis. Additionally, PmUreβ did not appear to cause cell membrane damage, as evidenced by the absence of propidium iodide permeation in treated cells. This peptide also demonstrated a synergistic and predominantly additive effect with fluconazole against the emergent <em>Candida auris</em>. Importantly, no harmful effects were observed in mammalian cells. Our findings suggest that PmUreβ is a fungitoxic peptide with significant biotechnological potential for treating infections caused by antifungal-resistant pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, synthesis and evaluation of antifungal activity of 8-hydroxyquinolin-5-ylidene thiosemicarbazone derivatives","authors":"Haonan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Chi ,&nbsp;Zhe Ji ,&nbsp;Jiayin Wang ,&nbsp;Futang Liu ,&nbsp;Nan Chen ,&nbsp;Qingli Guo ,&nbsp;Yuanying Jiang ,&nbsp;Tingjunhong Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decades, the incidence and modality of invasive fungal infections have been significantly underestimated. And the limited availability of clinically effective antifungals further underscores the need for novel therapeutic agents. In this study, a series of novel 8-hydroxyquinolin-5-ylidene thiosemicarbazone derivatives (<strong>A5</strong>-<strong>A32</strong>) were designed and synthesized via a condensation reaction between 5-formyl-8-hydroxyquinoline and substituted hydrazinecarbothioamides. The <em>in vitro</em> antifungal activity of all synthesized compounds was evaluated against a panel of clinically relevant fungal pathogens using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 4 to ≤ 0.0313 μg/mL. Notably, compound <strong>A14</strong> was the most active, demonstrating the lowest MICs among the compounds against each of the tested seven fungal pathogens. Specifically, <strong>A14</strong> exhibited remarkable potency against <em>Cryptococcus gattii, C. neoformans, C. glabrata</em>, and <em>C. auris</em>, with MICs ranging from ≤ 0.0313 to 2 μg/mL. This potency is significantly higher than that of the lead compound <strong>5r</strong> (MICs: 0.25- &gt;16 μg/mL) and fluconazole (MICs: 2-&gt;16 μg/mL). Furthermore, <strong>A14</strong> inhibited hyphal formation in <em>C. albicans</em> SC5314 at 8 μg/mL, and remarkably inhibited biofilm formation in both <em>C. albicans</em> SC5314 and <em>C. neoformans</em> H99, achieving &gt;90 % suppression at 32 μg/mL. The cytotoxic effects of compound <strong>A14</strong> on the viability of HUVECs and Caco-2 cells were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, demonstrating acceptable safety profiles. As an innovative antifungal agent, 8-hydroxyquinolin-5-ylidene thiosemicarbazone <strong>A14</strong> warrants further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of hyperuricemia induction methods and probiotic interventions in mice","authors":"Yanbo Wang ,&nbsp;Huijiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shujun Liu ,&nbsp;Sheng Sun ,&nbsp;Weibin Ren ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Shujuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hangping Yao ,&nbsp;Changzhong Jin ,&nbsp;Nanping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics are widely used as functional food additives, but more studies are needed for their use in mitigation of hyperuricemia (HUA). Currently, there are no standardized animal models for HUA. There is significant variability in the animal strains, drugs, dosages, and modeling periods used in published studies, which greatly impacts the comparability of experimental results and complicates the effectiveness evaluation of therapeutic agents. In this study, we systematically compared different methods for inducing HUA in C57BL/6JNifdc mice and investigated the potential of probiotics to regulate blood uric acid levels. Our results revealed significant differences in blood uric acid levels and renal impairment among the methods. Adenine causes severe renal injury, increases hepatic xanthine oxidase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity, and inhibits the expression of uric acid transporter proteins in the kidneys. In contrast, inosine, guanosine, and hypoxanthine mildly induce hyperuricemia in mice. We screened seven probiotic strains from fermented dairy products and evaluated their effects on uric acid metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, probiotics showed significant potential for degrading uric acid, modulating the expression of uric acid transporter proteins in the kidneys, and inhibiting renal inflammation. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of HUA and highlight the therapeutic potential of specific probiotics for managing this metabolic disorder. Our study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate animal models for HUA research and suggests that probiotics can be used as promising functional food additives to assist in hyperuricemia treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms","authors":"Lívia S. Ramos ,&nbsp;Pedro F. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Carolline M.A. Lorentino ,&nbsp;Joice C. Lima ,&nbsp;Antonio L. Braga ,&nbsp;Raquel V. Lima ,&nbsp;Lucas Giovanini ,&nbsp;Ana Lúcia Casemiro ,&nbsp;Nahyara L.M. Siqueira ,&nbsp;Stefanie C. Costa ,&nbsp;Célia F. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Maryam Roudbary ,&nbsp;Marta H. Branquinha ,&nbsp;André L.S. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungal pathogens poses a serious global threat to human health. Of particular concern are <em>Candida auris</em>, the <em>Candida haemulonii</em> complex (which includes C<em>. haemulonii sensu stricto, C. duobushaemulonii</em> and <em>C. haemulonii</em> var. <em>vulnera</em>), and phylogenetically related species, including <em>C. pseudohaemulonii</em> and <em>C. vulturna</em>. These emerging, widespread, and opportunistic pathogens have drawn significant attention due to their reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents, particularly azoles and polyenes, and, in some cases, therapy-induced resistance to echinocandins. Notably, <em>C. auris</em> is classified in the critical priority group on the World Health Organization's fungal priority pathogens list, which highlights fungal species capable of causing systemic infections with significant mortality and morbidity risks as well as the challenges posed by their MDR profiles, limited treatment and management options. The mechanisms underlying antifungal resistance within these emerging fungal species is still being explored, but some advances have been achieved in the past few years. In this review, we compile current literature on the distribution of susceptible and resistant clinical strains of <em>C. auris, C. haemulonii</em> complex, <em>C. pseudohaemulonii</em> and <em>C. vulturna</em> across various antifungal classes, including azoles (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole), polyenes (amphotericin B), echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), and pyrimidine analogues (flucytosine). We also outline the main antifungal resistance mechanisms identified in planktonic cells of these yeast species. Finally, we explore the impact of biofilm formation, a classical virulence attribute of fungi, on antifungal resistance, highlighting the resistance mechanisms associated with this complex microbial structure that have been uncovered to date.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143241127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}