IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology最新文献

{"title":"Double-Faced Active Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Assisted Symbiotic Radio Communications","authors":"Ahmed M. Benaya;Mohamed S. Hassan;Mahmoud H. Ismail;Taha Landolsi","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3384102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3384102","url":null,"abstract":"With the extensive deployment of Internet-of-Things (IoT) in next generation wireless systems, the problems of energy efficiency and battery life become exacerbated, highlighting the pressing need for innovative solutions. Symbiotic radio (SR) is considered one of the emerging technologies that aims at providing an energy-efficient solution for the ubiquitous IoT applications. In this paper, we propose an SR system that is assisted with a double-faced active intelligent reflecting surface (DFA-IRS). The proposed system consists of an active transmitter (AT), an active receiver (AR), a backscatter receiver (BR), a DFA-IRS, and an IoT device that is connected to the DFA-IRS. We formulated a BR spectral efficiency maximization problem via optimizing the active beamforming vector at the AT, the power amplification factors of the IRS active elements, and the IRS phase shift at each active element under the constraints of a maximum power budget and the AR spectral efficiency requirements. The formulated problem is non-convex due to the coupling between different variables. Hence, we divided the main problems into three sub-problems and utilized the successive convex approximation (SCA) and the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) techniques to obtain a convex equivalent problem that can be solved using conventional optimization tools such as CVX. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges in few number of iterations. Moreover, the proposed scheme achieves better BR spectral efficiency when compared to the case where a single-faced active IRS or a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting IRS (STAR-IRS) counterpart is used.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"577-591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10487865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automotive Electric Power Steering Control With Robust Observer Based Neuroadaptive Type-2 Radial Basis Function Methodology","authors":"Abdollah Amirkhani;Masoud Shirzadeh;Jamshid Heydari","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3383516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3383516","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a simplified type-2 (ST2) radial basis function (RBF) based neuroadaptive technique for controlling an automotive electric power steering (AEPS) system is designed. The dynamics of the AEPS are assumed to be unknown and the system is subjected to certain disturbances. A ST2-RBF system is proposed for approximating the unknown nonlinear functions. The ST2-RBF parameters are tuned online based on the adaptation laws obtained via Lyapunov stability analysis. A robust observer is also used in this process. The effects of uncertainties as well as approximation and estimation errors are compensated by means of an adaptive component. The parameters of the robust observer-based neuroadaptive ST2-RBF network are optimally determined by applying the Coronavirus disease optimization algorithm (COVIDOA), which mimics the replication mechanism of Coronaviruses taking over the human cells. The results indicate that the COVIDOA can reduce the cost function for neuroadaptive ST2-RBF controller compared to other strategies. Comparison of numerical results is presented to show the efficacy of the suggested technique. Interestingly, based on implementation results, the designed methodology is able to control the AEPS system successfully.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"592-605"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10487011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing D2D Communication With Practical STAR-RIS and Irregular Configurations","authors":"Jung-Chieh Chen;Ting-Han Hsu","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3407965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3407965","url":null,"abstract":"Device-to-device (D2D) communication offers significant potential for future wireless networks but faces challenges such as limited range, signal blockage, and interference. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can mitigate these issues by dynamically controlling signal reflections. However, existing RIS-assisted D2D systems often rely on impractical infinite-resolution phase shifters and achieve limited coverage. This paper addresses these limitations by proposing a novel D2D communication system using simultaneous transmitting and reflecting RISs (STAR-RISs) with coupled and low-resolution phase shifters for cost-effective and full-space coverage D2D communication. We further introduce irregular STAR-RIS configurations where a subset of elements is strategically activated for enhanced spatial diversity. To optimize this system, a unified cross-entropy optimization (CEO) framework is developed for joint optimization of element selection (for irregular configurations) and the continuous amplitudes for transmission and reflection, along with the discrete phase shifts. Simulation results reveal that the proposed CEO-based algorithm achieves significantly higher sum rates compared to the benchmark algorithms. Furthermore, irregular STAR-RIS configurations provide additional gains in both sum rate and energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"778-791"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10543070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-Duplex in Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output","authors":"Tho Le-Ngoc;Yuanzhe Gong;Mobeen Mahmood;Asil Koc;Robert Morawski;James Gary Griffiths;Philippe Guillemette;Jamal Zaid;Peiwei Wang","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3382886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3382886","url":null,"abstract":"In-band full-duplex (FD) operation can double the spectral efficiency of massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems by allowing simultaneous transmission and reception over the same time/frequency slot. However, the main challenge encountered in implementing an FD radio wireless transceiver is to greatly suppress the residual self-interference (SI) generated from its own transmitter below the receiver noise floor to avoid performance degradation in the detection of the signal of interest received from remote transmitters. It is pointed out that the single-stage digital beamforming (DBF) scheme would introduce an impractically high complexity unsuitable for implementing FD-mMIMO. This paper considers an FD hybrid beamforming (FD-HBF) scheme for multi-user (MU)-mMIMO systems, in which large SI-suppression is achieved by exploring dynamic transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) isolation using RF-beamforming designs, and exploiting the degrees of freedom of a large number of antenna elements in separate Tx and Rx antenna arrays, in conjunction with high-performance baseband (BB) digital fractionally-spaced (FS) SI-cancellation (SIC) techniques. This paper starts with a discussion of the main parameters and impairments (in an mMIMO transceiver) that can impact the SI-suppression performance and the proposed RF-beamforming Tx/Rx isolation and BB SI-cancellation design strategies along with their achieved performance and complexities. Joint-beamforming optimization to maximize both Tx/Rx performance and isolation is discussed with an example of a nature-inspired optimization scheme to achieve an average Tx/Rx RF isolation of 64.4 dB and the best isolation of 76 dB. The paper continues with a description of an FD-mMIMO transceiver prototype using Tx/Rx 8x8-element antenna arrays along with analytical, simulation and measured results. Illustrative results indicate that the proposed combination of RF-beamforming Tx/Rx isolation and BB digital fractionally spaced SI-cancellation can offer an overall SI suppression of more than 131 dB and bring the residual SI below the receiver noise floor.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"560-576"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10483101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Placement Optimization in UAV-Enabled Communications: A Systematic Mapping Study","authors":"Jorge Carvajal-Rodríguez;Danny S. Guamán;Christian Tipantuña;Felipe Grijalva;Luis Felipe Urquiza","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3379751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3379751","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have seen remarkable improvements in their flight capabilities and computational power. Their applications span various domains, such as agriculture, military, and communications. To improve communication quality and coverage in UAV-enabled systems, understanding effective placement techniques is crucial. While research has explored optimal UAV placement in two dimensions, there is a need for a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) analysis, particularly for resource optimization. This article presents a systematic mapping study on 3D placement in UAV-enabled communication systems, incorporating a threat analysis for the reliability of the results. It provides valuable insights for future research on 3D placement optimization techniques, specifically examining optimization objectives, model system features, problem types, and solution strategies. Our research reveals, on one hand, an emphasis on optimizing data rate throughput, power transmission, and ground coverage, and a predominant use of large-scale fading in the air-to-ground channel model; on the other hand, heuristic algorithms prevail as the solution strategy. Moreover, we identify gaps in achieving critical objectives such as the probability of outage, deployment costs, quality of experience, and spectrum optimization. This highlights the need for further exploration in the formulation aspects of the system, which includes small-scale fading, access techniques, and interference management.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"523-559"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10478734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-Optimal Efficient MIMO Receiver for Miniature UAV-IoT Communications","authors":"Anas Saci;Arafat Al-Dweik;Shihab Jimaa","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3378481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3378481","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a novel Direct Detection (DD) scheme for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications where tedious, slow, and computationally demanding channel state information (CSI) estimation and detection processes are not required. The proposed detection scheme is achieved by exploiting the frequency and/or temporal correlation among the transmitted signals to directly extract the information symbols from the received signals. The results obtained show that the proposed scheme offers a significant advantage of approximately 15 dB performance gain compared to conventional linear detection schemes, even when such schemes are using perfect CSI. Furthermore, the proposed detection algorithm can be efficiently implemented using the Viterbi Algorithm, or its variants, to achieve further complexity reduction.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"496-506"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10474171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Assisted UAV Path Planning Relying on Cumulative Reward Mode and Region Segmentation","authors":"Zhipeng Wang;Soon Xin Ng;Mohammed EI-Hajjar","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3402129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3402129","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been considered for many applications, such as disaster prevention and control, logistics and transportation, and wireless communication. Most UAVs need to be manually controlled using remote control, which can be challenging in many environments. Therefore, autonomous UAVs have attracted significant research interest, where most of the existing autonomous navigation algorithms suffer from long computation time and unsatisfactory performance. Hence, we propose a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) UAV path planning algorithm based on cumulative reward and region segmentation. Our proposed region segmentation aims to reduce the probability of DRL agents falling into local optimal trap, while our proposed cumulative reward model takes into account the distance from the node to the destination and the density of obstacles near the node, which solves the problem of sparse training data faced by the DRL algorithms in the path planning task. The proposed region segmentation algorithm and cumulative reward model have been tested in different DRL techniques, where we show that the cumulative reward model can improve the training efficiency of deep neural networks by 30.8% and the region segmentation algorithm enables deep Q-network agent to avoid 99% of local optimal traps and assists deep deterministic policy gradient agent to avoid 92% of local optimal traps.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"737-751"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10531630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing UAV Communications: A Comprehensive Survey of Cutting-Edge Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Chenrui Sun;Gianluca Fontanesi;Berk Canberk;Amirhossein Mohajerzadeh;Symeon Chatzinotas;David Grace;Hamed Ahmadi","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3401024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3401024","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Machine Learning (ML), from traditional to advanced, in its application and integration into unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication frameworks and practical applications. The manuscript starts with an overview of the existing research on UAV communication and introduces the most traditional ML techniques. It then discusses UAVs as versatile actors in mobile networks, assuming different roles from airborne user equipment (UE) to base stations (BS). UAV have demonstrated considerable potential in addressing the evolving challenges of next-generation mobile networks, such as enhancing coverage and facilitating temporary hotspots but pose new hurdles including optimal positioning, trajectory optimization, and energy efficiency. We therefore conduct a comprehensive review of advanced ML strategies, ranging from federated learning, transfer and meta-learning to explainable AI, to address those challenges. Finally, the use of state-of-the-art ML algorithms in these capabilities is explored and their potential extension to cloud and/or edge computing based network architectures is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"825-854"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10531095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cascaded and Sum of Cascaded Over $boldsymbol{alpha }$–$boldsymbol{mathcal {F}}$ Fading Channels With Pointing Error Impairment","authors":"Pedro H. D. Almeida;Hugerles S. Silva;Ugo S. Dias;Rausley A. A. de Souza;Iguatemi E. Fonseca;Yonghui Li","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3400901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3400901","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, exact expressions are presented for the probability density function, cumulative distribution function, moment generating function, and higher-order moments of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio, considering the product and the sum of the products of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathcal {F}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 variates with pointing errors. New expressions for the outage probability (OP), bit error probability (BEP), ergodic channel capacity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) are deduced, as well as the asymptotic ones. The obtained expressions are used to assess the influence of various channels and system parameters on the system performance. We analyze a scenario considering dual-hop terahertz links and another regarding reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-assisted systems. All expressions derived in this work are new, and Monte Carlo simulations corroborate the analytical curves shown.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"752-761"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10530352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Control of Hybrid Electric Light Rail Vehicles With Open Ended Winding Machines","authors":"Davide De Simone;Maria Stefania Carmeli;Salvatore D'Arco;Luigi Piegari;Pietro Tricoli","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3400607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3400607","url":null,"abstract":"Light railways are a low carbon emission form of transport, but it is often difficult to electrify tracks in central urban areas. This limitation can be avoided by integrating an on-board battery storage connected to the dc bus of the traction inverter with a boost dc/dc converter. However, the boost converter requires a bulky inductor and introduces additional power losses that are undesirable. This paper proposes to replace the standard induction motor with an open ended winding induction motor connected at one end to the overhead line with the traction inverter and to the other end to a battery with a second inverter in order to reduce the power losses of the traction drive. The paper addresses design and control aspects for light rail vehicles with open ended winding induction machines when the power supply is partly from the overhead line and partly from the on board battery. Moreover, the paper studies in detail the hybrid operations of the traction system i.e., when the overhead line charges the battery during coasting or at the stops. Finally, numerical simulations for a real use case are presented to quantify the reduction of power losses in comparison to the standard solution.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"695-703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10530114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}