IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic Full-Duplex Cellular System for Wide Area IoT Network Backbone","authors":"Keiichi Mizutani;Kazuki Nishikori;Kyoya Teramae;Hiroto Kuriki;Takeshi Matsumura;Hiroshi Harada","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3450279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3450279","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a dynamic full-duplex cellular (DDC) system by introducing an in-band full-duplex in a phased manner into a conventional time-division duplex (TDD)-based cellular system. Further, we propose and evaluate appropriate user equipment (UE) scheduling and transmission power control schemes for DDC in dense urban multi-cell environments. The proposed DDC sufficiently suppresses inter-cell interference through fully distributed resource allocation, which does not require information exchange among neighboring cells. In particular, the propagation loss compensation factor, UE transmission power limit, and assumed uplink signal-to-noise plus interference power ratio (SINR) adjustment factor prove to be essential. By appropriately setting these factors, the proposed DDC system improves the average throughput of the downlink (DL) by 13.2% and uplink by 31.6% compared with the conventional TDD system. Moreover, we observe a 2.5% improvement in the DL 5% user throughput. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the realization of a high-capacity wide-area IoT network backbone by improving the efficiency of utilization of limited spectral resources, especially in the sub-6 GHz band.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1215-1229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10648807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE 802.15.7-Compliant Full Duplex Visible Light Communication: Interference Analysis and Experimentation","authors":"Stefano Caputo;Stefano Ricci;Lorenzo Mucchi","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3449144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3449144","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a thorough investigation into the contrasting dynamics of full-duplex and half-duplex communication within the framework of visible light communication (VLC) networks compliant with the IEEE 802.15.7 standard. The main contributions of this research deal with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation, experimental data acquisition, interference evaluation, and performance assessment. In particular, the study delves into implementing both full-duplex and half-duplex communication schemes using FPGA technology for vehicular communications compliant to the IEEE 802.15.7 standard. Full-duplex is obtained by simultaneously transmitting over the same optical channel, without any multiplexing or access division strategy. Through experimental data acquisition, the paper provides a detailed comparison of the two communication schemes, shedding light on their respective strengths and limitations. Furthermore, the paper introduces an interference evaluation framework, which contributes to the understanding of the real benefits of full-duplex VLC through theoretical modeling of the interference and experimental validation. The performance evaluation section quantifies key metrics, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the overall efficacy of full-duplex and half-duplex VLC systems in a vehicular network context. This research offers a perspective on the practical implications and trade-offs associated with adopting either half- and full-duplex VLC communication paradigm, paving the way for informed decision-making in the design and deployment of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) based on IEEE 802.15.7 networks.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1242-1255"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10645235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDAS: Intelligent Driving Assistance System Using RAG","authors":"Luis-Bernardo Hernandez-Salinas;Juan Terven;E. A. Chavez-Urbiola;Diana-Margarita Córdova-Esparza;Julio-Alejandro Romero-González;Amadeo Arguelles;Ilse Cervantes","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3447449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3447449","url":null,"abstract":"In the fast-growing automotive technology sector, it has become increasingly clear that there is a need for cars with smarter and more interactive systems. This article presents the Intelligent Driving Assistance System (IDAS), an artificial intelligence system that enables the driver to use voice commands to access various features of a car. The primary component of IDAS is a Large Language Model (LLM), which, through retrieval augmented generation (RAG), can efficiently read and understand the car manual for immediate context-based aid. In addition, this system incorporates speech recognition and speech synthesis capabilities, it can understand commands given in multiple languages, improving user experiences among diverse driver communities. Our results show a minimum response time of one second for the pipeline using GPT-4o-mini and Mistral Nemo.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1139-1165"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10643289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Relying on Low-Complexity Joint Sector Non-Diagonal Structure","authors":"Yinuo Dong;Qingchao Li;Soon Xin Ng;Mohammed El-Hajjar","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3447109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3447109","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, research on reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has received extensive attention due to its capability to manipulate the propagation of incident electromagnetic waves in a programmable manner to smartly configure the channel environment, thereby optimizing the overall performance of the system. Several RIS architectures have been proposed, including simultaneous transmitting and reflecting RIS (STAR-RIS) and beyond diagonal RIS (BD RIS) architectures. Compared to the conventional RIS architecture, these structures offer broader service ranges and enhanced performance, albeit accompanied by more complex circuit design and higher computational overhead. In this paper, we design a multi-sector RIS joint service model based on the BD RIS architecture and we compare the corresponding system rates, circuit complexity, and gains provided by different architectures. Additionally, we derive the theoretical receive power for the proposed model based on non-diagonal and diagonal phase shift optimization methods, demonstrating that the total rate of the non-diagonal group connected architecture approaches the theoretical values of a fully connected architecture. Theoretical analysis based on the gains between different models under various user-RIS positions confirm that the multi-sector RIS joint service model can achieve \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$30%-100%$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 gains as the users' positions change, while also saving on the overall hardware costs of the RIS system design. Furthermore, we explore the optimal trade-off between the performance and circuit complexity among different architectures. Simulation results show that performance versus complexity trade-off of the different considered architectures.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1106-1123"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10643263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Models for UAVs: Current State and Pathways to the Future","authors":"Shumaila Javaid;Hamza Fahim;Bin He;Nasir Saeed","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3446799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3446799","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a transformative technology across diverse sectors, offering adaptable solutions to complex challenges in both military and civilian domains. Their expanding capabilities present a platform for further advancement by integrating cutting-edge computational tools like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. These advancements have significantly impacted various facets of human life, fostering an era of unparalleled efficiency and convenience. Large Language Models (LLMs), a key component of AI, exhibit remarkable learning and adaptation capabilities within deployed environments, demonstrating an evolving form of intelligence with the potential to approach human-level proficiency. This work explores the significant potential of integrating UAVs and LLMs to propel the development of autonomous systems. We comprehensively review LLM architectures, evaluating their suitability for UAV integration. Additionally, we summarize the state-of-the-art LLM-based UAV architectures and identify novel opportunities for LLM embedding within UAV frameworks. Notably, we focus on leveraging LLMs to refine data analysis and decision-making processes, specifically for enhanced spectral sensing and sharing in UAV applications. Furthermore, we investigate how LLM integration expands the scope of existing UAV applications, enabling autonomous data processing, improved decision-making, and faster response times in emergency scenarios like disaster response and network restoration. Finally, we highlight crucial areas for future research that are critical for facilitating the effective integration of LLMs and UAVs.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1166-1192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10643253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Partial Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (P-NOMA) in Drone-Enabled Internet-of-Things Wireless Networks","authors":"Hazim Shakhatreh;Sharief Abdel-Razeq;Ala Al-Fuqaha","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3445768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3445768","url":null,"abstract":"Future drone-enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT) wireless networks have attracted considerable attention from industry and academia. Future drone-enabled IoT wireless networks are expected to enable the Internet of Everything and provide services with massive connectivity, heterogeneous quality of service, ultra-reliability, and higher throughput. Therefore, future drone-enabled IoT wireless networks necessitate more effective use of wireless resources and efficient interference management approaches. As a result, the multiple access techniques and the physical layer for wireless communication systems have been rethought and redesigned. This paper proposes utilizing the partial non-orthogonal multiple access (P-NOMA) in drone-enabled IoT wireless networks, where a single drone provides wireless coverage for a set of IoT devices. In P-NOMA, a portion of the channel is orthogonal, while the other is non-orthogonal for each IoT device. When using a non-orthogonal channel portion, an IoT device that receives high transmit power from the drone treats a signal of another IoT device as noise and quickly recovers its signal without using a successive interference cancellation (SIC) process. However, an IoT device that receives low transmit power from that drone must perform the SIC process on a non-orthogonal channel portion to recover its signal. The optimization problem in this research aims to find the maximum sum data rate of all IoT devices, considering the 3D placement of the drone, device pairing, and the parameters of P-NOMA. Finding the optimal solution to the optimization problem is challenging because of the NP-completeness of the formulated problem. Therefore, a decomposition framework is proposed to aid in solving it. Particularly, the optimization problem is decomposed into three subproblems: the 3D placement for the drone, device pairing, and P-NOMA parameters. Then efficient techniques are proposed to solve these subproblems. Simulation results verify the efficacy of utilizing P-NOMA in drone-enabled IoT wireless networks. Specifically, our results demonstrate that P-NOMA can boost the sum rate by 22%–28% compared with NOMA and by 83%–104% compared with OMA.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1088-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10640187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Handover: Reviewing Takeover Requests in Level 3 Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Joel Andrew Miller;Soodeh Nikan;Mohamed H. Zaki","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3443630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3443630","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a transformative advance in automotive technology, promising increased safety and efficiency by reducing human error. However, integrating human factors remains a critical challenge, especially during takeover scenarios where the human driver must re-assume control of the vehicle. This review paper focuses on the \u0000<italic>engineering and human-centred design of takeover requests (TORs) within Level 3 autonomous vehicles</i>\u0000, emphasizing the importance of seamless transitions between automated driving and manual control. We explore the concept of the Operational Design Domain (ODD), which dictates the specific conditions under which an AV may safely operate, and contextualize its role. Through a comprehensive analysis, we highlight how monitoring both the internal and external environment, and improving human-machine interfaces through the design of takeover requests (TOR), play pivotal roles in ensuring that transitions are safe and efficient. We argue for the necessity of integrating detailed human factors and ergonomic considerations to foster a human-centred approach in AV design. We aim to establish a symbiotic relationship between human drivers and autonomous systems, ensuring that AVs not only function optimally within their designated ODD, but also maintain high safety standards during critical takeover moments.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1073-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10637755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Reliability in Infrastructure-Based Collective Perception: A Dual-Channel Hybrid Delivery Approach With Real-Time Monitoring","authors":"Yu Asabe;Ehsan Javanmardi;Jin Nakazato;Manabu Tsukada;Hiroshi Esaki","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3443877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3443877","url":null,"abstract":"Standalone autonomous vehicles primarily rely on their onboard sensors and may have blind spots or limited situational awareness in complex or dynamic traffic scenarios, leading to difficulties in making safe decisions. Collective perception enables connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to overcome the limitations of standalone autonomous vehicles by sharing sensory information with nearby road users. However, unfavorable conditions of the wireless communication medium it uses can lead to limited reliability and reduced quality of service. In this paper, we propose methods for increasing the reliability of collective perception through real-time packet delivery rate monitoring and a dual-channel hybrid delivery approach. We have implemented AutowareV2X, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication module integrated into the autonomous driving (AD) software Autoware. AutowareV2X provides connectivity to the AD stack, enabling end-to-end (E2E) experimentation and evaluation of CAVs. The Collective Perception Service (CPS) was also implemented, allowing the transmission of Collective Perception Messages (CPMs). Our proposed methods using AutowareV2X were evaluated using actual hardware and vehicles in real-life field tests. Results have indicated that the E2E network latency of the perception information sent is around 30ms, and the AD software can use shared object data to conduct collision avoidance maneuvers. The dual-channel delivery of CPMs enabled the CAV to dynamically select the best CPM from CPMs received from different links, depending on the freshness of their information. This enabled the reliable transmission of CPMs even when there was significant packet loss on one of the transmitting channels.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1124-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10637709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coverage Probability and Area Spectral Efficiency of Full Duplex Communication in C-V2X Network With Dual Connectivity","authors":"Adeel Ahmad;Muhammad Nadeem Sial;Junaid Ahmed;Sadiq Ullah","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3443665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3443665","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel method for using full duplex (FD) communication across shared channels in cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) networks. Three modes A, B and C have been defined for communication in V2X networks where Mode C for FD communication has been introduced for the first time. We have derived mathematical model for success probability of FD for C-V2X network and formulated expressions for area spectral efficiency (ASE). Dual connectivity (DC) for simultaneous link of receiving vehicle with nearest transmitting vehicle and base station (BS) has also been analyzed for the first time for HD and FD in C-V2X network. Analytical and Monte Carlo simulations results have shown that utilization of FD in C-V2X network provides comparable success probability as compared to HD with improvement in ASE. Success probability of FD remains close to HD in terms of signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) in the range from -40 dBW to 60 dBW. Importance of achieving perfect self-interference cancellation (SIC) for different values of self-interference (SI) in FD network has also been evaluated. FD in C-V2X network has shown to significantly improve ASE with gain of 2.55 dB over Direct Short Range Communication (DSRC) and 2 dB over HD in C-V2X network under specific conditions. No degradation in ASE was observed in case of DC for HD and FD. ASE for FD has shown improvement as compared to HD for DSRC and C-V2X networks when evaluated against density of vehicles, BSs and roads.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1256-1272"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10636210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AIS-Based Vessel Trajectory Compression: A Systematic Review and Software Development","authors":"Ryan Wen Liu;Shiqi Zhou;Shangkun Yin;Yaqing Shu;Maohan Liang","doi":"10.1109/OJVT.2024.3443675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJVT.2024.3443675","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of satellite and 5G communication technologies, vehicles can transmit and exchange data from anywhere in the world. It has resulted in the generation of massive spatial trajectories, particularly from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) for surface vehicles. The massive AIS data lead to high storage requirements and computing costs, as well as low data transmission efficiency. These challenges highlight the critical importance of vessel trajectory compression for surface vehicles. However, the complexity and diversity of vessel trajectories and behaviors make trajectory compression imperative and challenging in maritime applications. Therefore, trajectory compression has been one of the hot spots in research on trajectory data mining. The major purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive reference source for beginners involved in vessel trajectory compression. The current trajectory compression methods could be broadly divided into two types, batch (offline) and online modes. The principles and pseudo-codes of these methods will be provided and discussed in detail. In addition, compressive experiments on several publicly available data sets have been implemented to evaluate the batch and online compression methods in terms of computation time, compression ratio, trajectory similarity, and trajectory length loss rate. Finally, we develop a flexible and open software, called \u0000<italic>AISCompress</i>\u0000, for AIS-based batch and online vessel trajectory compression. The conclusions and associated future works are also given to inspire future applications in vessel trajectory compression.","PeriodicalId":34270,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1193-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10636246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}