Quaternary Science Advances最新文献

{"title":"Fatal landslides in Kencho, Shacha & Gozdi villages, Gofa zone, Ethiopia: A detailed investigation (Geological, Geotechnical, geophysical & geospatial) of the July 22, 2024 catastrophe and its socioeconomic repercussions","authors":"Leulalem Shano ,&nbsp;Bisirat Gisila ,&nbsp;Wondwosen Jerene ,&nbsp;Desta Ekaso ,&nbsp;Tigabu Baye ,&nbsp;Tariku Degife ,&nbsp;Geberemedin Chameno ,&nbsp;Zeleke Dosa ,&nbsp;Muralitharan Jothimani","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A landslide is one of the geological hazards that cause the most disaster in densely populated areas. The landslide that occurred in Gezie Gofa woreda, Gofa Zone, Kencho Shacha Gozdi village, killed more than 250 people. Two landslides occurred on July 22, 2024, at 8:30 and 10:40 AM The first landslide killed six people and demolished three houses. The second landslide killed more than 245 people, including those who came to the site to excavate the buried bodies during the first landslide. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the landslide causative factors, model the landslide susceptibility, and characterize the landslide disaster on socioeconomic effects that occurred on July 22, 2024. The landslide inventory data, field surveys, laboratory analyses, and various geophysical surveys characterized the current and past landslides of the area. The landslide susceptibility model was modeled using a statistical approach in the GIS. environment. The socioeconomic effects were assessed using field surveys and systematic interviews with the victims. The conditioning factors selected for landslide susceptibility modeling are lithology, geological structures, groundwater, slope, land use or land cover, aspect, curvature, and elevation. The major triggering factor of the landslide in the area was heavy rainfall, which occurred on July 21–22, 2024, between 3:00 a.m.-8:30 a.m. The results reveal that the significant conditioning factors of the landslide in the study area are geological structures (both visible and inferred), groundwater, slopes, and human activities. The characterized socioeconomic effects include the destruction of agricultural land, the demolishing of houses, and the loss of human lives, as well as several people evacuated and sheltered under tents and churches. However, the most momentous disaster in the area is the loss of human life. Based on the research results, it would be better to relocate those people living in the high landslide susceptible zones, and all high landslide-prone areas and mountainous terrain in southern Ethiopia should be mapped, and the people should be aware of the landslide risk areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000790/pdfft?md5=ab2c67342dd7ab845972981d0f49fe84&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000790-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slope stability analysis of colluvial deposits along the Muketuri-Alem Ketema Road, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Hirei Mohammed Hussen ,&nbsp;Endalu Tadele Chala ,&nbsp;Nagessa Zerihun Jilo","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Slope failures are a significant natural geohazard in hilly and mountainous regions, often resulting in loss of life and infrastructure damage. The Muketuri-Alem Ketema road in Ethiopia is particularly vulnerable to landslides due to colluvial deposits on steep slopes from the higher northeastern plots to the lower Jemma River valley. This study investigates the characteristics of colluvial soil and evaluates the stability of slopes prone to landslides. It combines geophysical data, penetrometer tests, laboratory analyses, Google Earth images, and detailed field visits to assess the soil and bedrock composition and structure. Numerical methods, including limit equilibrium (Bishop, Janbu, Spencer, and Morgenstern-Price methods) and finite element methods, were used to analyze slope sections under various saturation conditions and simulate different rainfall patterns. The results indicate that the Bishop, Morgenstern-Price, and Spencer methods produce similar safety factors with minimal differences (&lt;0.3%), while the Janbu method shows more significant variation (1.5%–5.6%). Safety factor differences for sections A-A and B-B range from 5.26% to 9.86% and 3.5%–4.7%, respectively. Simulations reveal that short-term saturation significantly reduces the stability of the upper slope layer by 20%–46.76%, and long-term saturation decreases the entire slope section by 26.81%–46.76% compared to dry conditions due to increased pore water pressure and self-weight. Long-term saturation effects, combined with dynamic loads, can further reduce colluvial soil stability by over 50% compared to a dry static state. The finite element method predicts larger failure zones than limit equilibrium methods, emphasizing the need for accurate predictions to characterize slope behavior during failure and inform stabilization decisions. This study provides crucial data for maintaining and planning the Muketuri-Alem Ketema Road, highlighting slope performance over time and the effectiveness of stabilization techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000777/pdfft?md5=33a88157e782327a92f35f22255db235&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000777-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing phytolith preservation in a Late Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence from the Kashmir Valley, Northwest Himalaya, India","authors":"Waseem Qader ,&nbsp;Reyaz Ahmad Dar ,&nbsp;Ishfaq Ul Rehman ,&nbsp;Irfan Rashid ,&nbsp;Suhail Hussain Sheikh","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytolith content and its preservation in soils form a robust tool for paleoecological reconstruction. Post-depositional processes, however, influence the preservation of phytolith assemblages in soils thus making the paleoecological inferences biased. Here we evaluated the preservation of phytoliths in a Late Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence (LPS) from Kashmir Valley, northwest Himalaya. The soil micromorphological study, physicochemical parameters, phytolith morphometry, and phytolith translocation rates were employed to assess phytolith preservation and absence (not recorded) in the various litho-units of the Wanihama LPS. The comparison of phytolith content and soil physio-chemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, available N, P, K, organic carbon, extractable Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu do not show any significant correlation. This suggests that soil physicochemical parameters have a minor role in regulating the preservation of phytoliths in the LPS. The depth distribution of phytoliths exhibits an inconsistent pattern and phytolith content doesn't decrease systematically with depth. The phytolith content usually follows the loess-paleosol stratigraphy, with low concentrations in loess units and high concentrations in paleosols indicating that phytolith assemblages in the LPS have not been altered or translocated as a result of pedogenic processes. The micromorphological observations suggest weak pedogenesis and the sequence does not seem to be significantly mixed by bioturbation activities. This is augmented by the low translocation rate of &lt;18%, and phytolith morphometry suggesting well-preserved phytoliths with minimum morphological alterations along the depth. The absence of phytoliths at certain stratigraphic units in the LPS thus suggests that climatic conditions rather than physicochemical parameters determine the phytolith preservation and their content in the Kashmir LPS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000765/pdfft?md5=986c89f2f4ba916ab4ec34be09ef0610&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000765-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual isotopic niche variation of herbivores and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Mid-Pleistocene Site of Kathu Pan 1 (South Africa)","authors":"Daryl Codron ,&nbsp;Nyebe E. Mohale ,&nbsp;Liora K. Horwitz","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individual niche variation occurs when individuals within a population adopt unique behavioural or ecological traits, giving the population a distinct niche structure. Although widespread amongst natural populations, most of niche theory and its applications in ecological and palaeoenvironmental contexts remains focused on species level patterns, treating variation within the population as noise. Using serial stable isotope profiles sampled along teeth of herbivore fossils recovered from the Mid-Pleistocene site of Kathu Pan 1, Northern Cape (South Africa), enabling partitioning of isotopic niche variation into between- and within-individual components. Stable carbon isotope data revealed significant dietary differences between-individuals within most of the taxa sampled, but no dietary differences between taxa. By contrast, stable oxygen isotope compositions were more consistent amongst individuals, but varied across taxa. In both isotope systems, as well as in bivariate space, most taxa comprised individuals with both narrow and broad isotope niches, indicating flexibility in dietary strategies. These results indicate sufficient opportunity for individual level specialization within the Kathu palaeocommunity, afforded by a palaeoenvironment that provided a consistent supply of resources year-round. Given the herbivore sample is strongly associated with fossil hominin activities, our results imply that hominins in these landscapes would have profited from year-round accessibility to resources, accounting for the record of occupancy of Kathu Pan I during the Mid-Pleistocene.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000741/pdfft?md5=9108e97f9dedb5057abb245828456238&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000741-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"20Large mammal faunas and ecosystem dynamics during the late Middle to early Late Pleistocene at Grotta Romanelli (southern Italy)","authors":"B. Mecozzi ,&nbsp;F. Bona ,&nbsp;J. Conti ,&nbsp;G. Lembo ,&nbsp;G.S. Mariani ,&nbsp;I. Mazzini ,&nbsp;B. Muttillo ,&nbsp;P. Pieruccini ,&nbsp;R. Sardella","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the beginning of the XIX century, Grotta Romanelli gained recognition in European stratigraphy as an important site for the Late Pleistocene, due to the attribution of its basal sediments to the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e). Its abundant archaeological and paleontological findings made the cave a key reference point for the study of human evolution and faunal dynamics in the larger Mediterranean area over approximately the last 130,000 years. After a century, a new chronostratigraphic reassessment of Grotta Romanelli revised the timeframe of its lower levels, predating them to the late Middle Pleistocene.</div><div>In this study, we re-evaluate selected historical museum collections from the so-called “lower complex” of Grotta Romanelli and examine the new fossils excavated between 2015 and 2022. We identify three main mammal assemblages associated with three different interglacial periods spanning the last 350,000 years. Our findings offer new insights into terrestrial ecosystems in Mediterranean Europe from the late Middle Pleistocene to early Late Pleistocene. Additionally, they provide valuable information to the biochronological framework of the European large mammal faunas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000753/pdfft?md5=0282d70d8bba8eb1f3ce46c75d06d272&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000753-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Thank you","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2023.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2023.100069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033423000011/pdfft?md5=22c9a097ed38be1d02c2fe18ba67a97d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033423000011-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an automated extraction and radiocarbon dating method for fossil pollen deposited in lake Motosu, Japan","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating methods using fossil pollen extracted from sediments with a flow cytometer (cell sorter) are under development. Technical limitations experienced by previous studies required extraction of grains &lt;80 μm in diameter. Thus, obtaining a sufficient mass of carbon for dating requires extracting a very large number (∼10⁵) of grains. Another challenge faced by earlier work was preventing contamination by exotic carbon during the extraction process. Here we present a novel solution to this problem by using a cell sorter with a newly designed pretreatment method and an improved extraction method. This enables us to extract large pollen fossils than was previously possible. By using grains, &gt;100 μm in diameter, such as <em>Pinus</em> sp., we have reduced the number of grains for required for ¹⁴C dating by an order of magnitude, particularly when considering the recent advances in measure ultra-small carbon masses on a single-stage accelerator mass spectrometer at the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo. We then apply this method to sediments recovered from Lake Motosu, which already has a very robust chronology, to evaluate the new method. Results indicate the method is successful and reveal temporal radiocarbon reservoir effects that appear related to the changes in the depositional environment and/or hydroclimate. The method presented here is widely applicable across multiple environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000455/pdfft?md5=3731e2edf09ad0b65cdbca421c9cd153&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000455-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local hydrology control of radiocarbon in stalagmites from the Kyusendo Cave, Kumamoto, Japan","authors":"Shoko Hirabayashi ,&nbsp;Narumi Ishizawa ,&nbsp;Yusuke Yokoyama","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stalagmite is an important archive of paleoclimate especially in the region of the East Asian Monsoon. Despite the widespread use of radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating to explore past environmental changes, the contribution of a¹⁴C-free carbon fraction leached from soil and/or host rocks during stalagmite formation, known as the dead carbon fraction (DCF), impedes its application to stalagmite chronology. Thus, uranium series dating is preferentially used to determine stalagmite ages. However, both U/Th and ¹⁴C dating can be applied to stalagmite samples, U/Th can be used to calibrate the radiocarbon ages by assuming a relatively constant DCF contribution over time. Studies exploring DCF changes from glacial to interglacial periods remain scarce, suggesting that temporal and speleothem-specific DCF studies are needed. Here, we present findings on DCF changes over the last 38 ka in speleothems obtained from southwestern Japan. Our analysis includes measurements of both ¹⁴C in drip water and speleothem calcite alongside U/Th dating of three stalagmites collected from Kyusendo Cave, located in southern Japan. The DCFs reconstructed from these stalagmites exhibited variations of 37.8%–73.9% between 4.2 and 38.3 ka, which exceeded the typical DCF values reported previously. Intra-test variations of the DCF values in Kyusendo Cave also revealed differences of up to 30%–40% among the three stalagmites. A higher drip water DCF and dripping rate showed a strong negative correlation, indicating that variations in DCF may reflect changes in local hydrology. The study findings suggest that speleothem-specific and temporally varied DCF should be considered in paleoclimate reconstructions using speleothems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, and human impact over the last 400 years based on lipid biomarkers from Lake Höglwörth, Germany","authors":"Sudip Acharya ,&nbsp;Paul Strobel ,&nbsp;Maximilian Prochnow ,&nbsp;Steffen Taut ,&nbsp;Michael Zech ,&nbsp;Antje Schwalb ,&nbsp;Roland Zech","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lipid biomarkers are valuable proxies for reconstructing paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental changes as well as human impact. However, little attention has been paid on evaluating how the combination of biomarkers can be used to reconstruct various aspects of local paleoenvironmental conditions. This study presents a suite of lipid biomarker records from a sediment core from Lake Höglwörth, southern Germany, covering the past 400 years. Compound-specific hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD) of terrestrial <em>n</em>-alkanes (<em>n-</em>C_29-alkane) and <em>n</em>-alkanoic acids (<em>n-</em>C_30-acid) indicate minor changes in isotopic composition of precipitation. The δD of <em>n-</em>C_22-acid is interpreted to record the isotopic composition of the lake water and evaporative enrichment, which drops after 1700 CE, coinciding with the construction of a mill and the related rerouting of a creek into Lake Höglwörth. The δD of <em>n-</em>C_25-alkane is also enriched but decoupled from the reconstructed isotopic composition of precipitation and lake water. Therefore, we suggest that δD of <em>n-</em>C_25-alkane reflects the leaf water isotopic composition of Sphagnum, which is present in the catchment and undergoes transpirative enrichment. Both short-chain compounds have become more enriched over the last century, maybe related to increasing temperature associated with anthropogenic climate warming. The faecal biomarkers record the changes in human population, partly related to the history of the local Monastery, the World Wars I and II as well as the intensive farming after the mid-20th century. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) reveal a significant change in combustion activities associated with human activities such as the industrial revolution, biomass burning, and environmental cleanup as well as the implementation of emission standards. Our study demonstrates that the combination of plant wax compounds, faecal biomarkers, and PAHs from lacustrine sediment serves as a valuable tool to reconstruct and distinguish various aspects of paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental changes including human impacts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000698/pdfft?md5=65396d2dc4b811f24f75e83edad4f7b3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000698-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of watertightness and slope stability analysis of Upper Guder dam, West Showa, Central Ethiopia","authors":"Belay Birhanu ,&nbsp;Yadeta C. Chemeda ,&nbsp;Tola Garo ,&nbsp;Shankar Karuppannan","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ethiopia is currently emphasizing the construction of micro dams to enhance agricultural productivity and assure food security. The Upper Guder Dam, situated in the West Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia, is one such project. However, the dam faces challenges due to complex geological and structural conditions, including leakage and slope instability. Hence, this study focuses on addressing the abutment slope stability and watertightness condition of this dam. Accordingly, the study employed discontinuity surveying, Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT), Rock Quality Designation (RQD), and Lugeon testing to assess the water tightness. Additionally, kinematic analysis and the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) were used to evaluate abutment slope stability. Results from surface geological mapping and core drilling showed that the dam site is constituted by quaternary soil, tuff, and basalt. The Lugeon test results indicate that the left abutment of the dam is susceptible to leakage down to a depth of 40 m, which suggests that the permeable zone extends deeper than the results revealed by the SRT. Furthermore, this test demonstrated that the dam's right and central foundations are susceptible to leakage to the drilled depths. The SRT revealed that the central foundation, right, and left abutments of the dam are susceptible to leakage to the depth of 35 m, 30 m, and 34 m, respectively. Moreover, the kinematic analysis revealed that a section of the left abutment of the dam is susceptible to wedge mode of failure due to the intersection of JS1 and JS2. The LEM modeling of the right abutment of the dam also depicted that this section of the dam is unstable under saturated conditions which illustrates the importance of precipitation as the major slope destabilizing factor in the study area. Based on the study findings, this study recommended the use of curtain grouting to address the water tightness issue and slope angle reduction to mitigate the slope instability problem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000686/pdfft?md5=4a8cb83d45f06467cb05d3e59e81f632&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000686-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}