Quaternary Science Advances最新文献

{"title":"Reconstruction of deep-water undercurrent variability from the outer Labrador Sea during the past 550,000 years","authors":"Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr ,&nbsp;André Bahr ,&nbsp;Patrick Blaser ,&nbsp;Antje H.L. Voelker ,&nbsp;Jörg Lippold ,&nbsp;Marcus Gutjahr ,&nbsp;David A. Hodell ,&nbsp;James E.T. Channell ,&nbsp;Anne de Vernal ,&nbsp;Claude Hillaire-Marcel","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2025.100266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2025.100266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a comprehensive multi-proxy analysis spanning 550,000 years from the outer Labrador Sea region at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Sites U1302/1303. We combine new benthic foraminiferal stable oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and carbon (δ¹³C) isotope records, with sediment elemental composition and authigenic neodymium isotope measurements, to provide insights into deep-water mass sourcing and changes of the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), which exports North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) into the wider North Atlantic as part of the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.</div><div>We find that a prominent DWBC likely remained a persistent feature within the Labrador Sea region throughout the past 550 kyr. However, glacial peaks of marine isotope stage (MIS) 14 to MIS 2 were consistently characterized by a weaker or shallower DWBC, while all interglacial periods of MIS 13a to MIS 1, with the exception of MIS 7e, were marked by enhanced DWBC. Additionally, the dominant deep-water masses feeding into the DWBC during these glacial-interglacial periods varied from regional (K-rich sediment, unradiogenic εNd) to more distal sources from the Nordic Seas (Ti-rich sediment, radiogenic εNd). Yet, these changes in deep-water provenance did not consistently correlate with DWBC strength, suggesting that additional factors may have played a significant role in shaping the DWBC strength or core depth throughout the geological past.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiocarbon age anomalies, potential carbon sources analysis and correction of terrestrial gastropods in a loess sequence from Kunlun Mountains since 3.6 ka","authors":"Yan Hu ,&nbsp;Peng Cheng ,&nbsp;Jibao Dong ,&nbsp;Haiyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Mengyu Zang ,&nbsp;Minwen Lan ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Lu ,&nbsp;Weijian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terrestrial mollusks serve as potential radiocarbon materials for dating loess deposits in the late Quaternary. However, the reliability of gastropod shell ¹⁴C ages is complicated by two issues: open-system behavior and the limestone problem. Due to lack of assessment on the preservation status of shell fossils and factors affecting old carbon, correction for age anomalies remains an unresolved question. This study investigated two gastropod shells, <em>Cathaica</em> <em>rossimontana</em> and <em>Succinea</em> sp., discovered from a loess section rich in charcoal in the North Kunlun Mountains of Central Asia. By analyzing local climate condition, leaching degree, and mineral composition, we revealed that the open systems have a negligible influence on shell fossils. The values of age anomalies of <em>Cathaica</em> <em>rossimontana</em> and <em>Succinea</em> sp. are respectively 1788 ± 240 years and 492 ± 100 years. Furthermore, we obtained the temporal variation patterns of different carbon sources in shell fossils through a mass balance model analysis. The results indicate that the proportion of carbonate sources ranges from 17.5% to 26.8% in <em>Cathaica</em> <em>rossimontana</em>, while it ranges from 6.0% to 7.8% in <em>Succinea</em> sp., which may result from their size and calcium demand. <em>Succinea</em> sp. is recommended for stratigraphic dating for its minor age anomalies. Our study further demonstrates that snails of the same species absorb a highly consistent proportion of limestone under stable environment. This provides a theoretical basis for correcting age anomalies in fossil shells. The corrected ages of <em>Cathaica</em> <em>rossimontana</em>, based on living specimens, are consistent with reliable charcoal ages. Our findings offer a potential approach to correct the old carbon in snail fossils and facilitate the reliable dating for loess deposits in Central Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconciling the environmental implications of late Quaternary faunal and pollen records in southern Africa","authors":"Alexandra L. Norwood ,&nbsp;John Rowan ,&nbsp;J. Tyler Faith","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across southern Africa, the Pleistocene-Holocene transition was associated with changes in community composition of large mammalian herbivores, which included the extinction and extirpation of numerous grazers. Past research has often linked these changes to the contraction and disappearance of grasslands; however, the relationship between faunal and pollen records spanning this transition has not been systematically analyzed. Here, we investigate changes in fossil ungulate community composition and grass pollen abundance from late Quaternary sites across southern Africa to evaluate the extent to which these communities track paleovegetation change across this interval. Our dataset draws from faunal and pollen records across southern Africa. Results from the comparison of compositional changes in both records suggest a sub-continental-scale decoupling of grass cover and ungulate community composition during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Although there is strong evidence for a regional-scale decline in grazers from the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition to the early Holocene, there is no evidence for regional-scale declines in grassy vegetation. Several potential mechanisms may account for this decoupling of grazers and grass abundance. The possible strengthening of winter rainfall systems during glacial Pleistocene may have played a role by enhancing year-round availability of grasses in the interior and by elevating moisture availability and productivity in the Cape Floristic Region. Alternatively, current paleoecological data allow for the possibility that Pleistocene ‘grazers’ consumed more dicots, such that their decline at the onset of the Holocene reflects dietary niche contraction rather than vegetation change. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence challenging the link between grass abundance and grazer diversity and complicate our understanding of the drivers of late Quaternary extinctions in southern Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Response to Cold Climate: First Evidence from the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Glacial Maximum","authors":"Wenli Li ,&nbsp;Weijian Zhou ,&nbsp;Peng Cheng ,&nbsp;Peixian Shu ,&nbsp;Yikun Li ,&nbsp;John Dodson ,&nbsp;Yuda Chui ,&nbsp;Yan Hu ,&nbsp;Ling Yang ,&nbsp;Hua Du ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2025.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2025.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a hotspot for early human history research, however, there is no evidence of prehistoric human activity on the southern TP during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Thus, it remains unclear how the cold climate affected human activities and whether humans could survive such extremes on the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we present eight AMS ¹⁴C dates obtained from charcoal at a newly discovered blade site-Pengbuwuqing (PBWQ) in the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley basin, southern TP. We have also identified ochre at Paleolithic sites on the TP for the first time. Our chronological data indicate the human occupation of the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin during MIS2 (cal 29.2–27.0 kyr B.P), (cal 25.03–24.37 kyr B.P), and (cal 23.7–23.1 kyr B.P). This site represents the first evidence of human activity during the LGM in the southern TP valley and indicates that the southern TP river valley could have served as a refugium enabling prehistoric humans to survive the cold LGM on the TP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide susceptibility assessment using the frequency ratio model in the Mae Chan River watershed, northern Thailand","authors":"Pichawut Manopkawee,&nbsp;Niti Mankhemthong","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>A landslide</em> is a significant geological hazard that impacts society, the environment, and local infrastructures. The Mae Chan River watershed, a watershed that is surrounded by high erodible mountains, is particularly vulnerable to landslides. This research aimed to assess the susceptibility of landslides in the unique watershed using the frequency ratio approach. Landslide inventory data were 173 landslide scars in the mountainous region of the watershed. The data were extracted from satellite images that captured historical landslide scars on its surface. Landslide causative factors were selected based on causative elements observed in the watershed that potentially caused the previous landslide occurrences. These inventory data and causative factors were combined to create a landslide susceptibility index and classes. The analysis indicated that around 36 % of the entire watershed was highly prone to landslides, especially in the northwestern and southern high mountains. The remaining 43% and 21% of the watershed's area were classified as moderate and low landslide susceptibility classes, respectively. The landslide susceptibility data's accuracy, reliability, and predictability were verified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) analysis. The AUC values represented the success and prediction rates curve of 0.738 and 0.712, respectively, suggesting that the model performed reasonably well in identifying and predicting landslide susceptibility classes. The study highlights the qualification of landslide susceptibility mapping in a watershed in Thailand to other large-scale landslide hazard research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-to late Holocene palaeogeographic evolution of the Kalamas river delta, Epirus (Thesprotia), Greece","authors":"Antoine Chabrol ,&nbsp;Pierre Stephan ,&nbsp;Georges Apostolopoulos ,&nbsp;Kosmas Pavlopoulos ,&nbsp;Adrien Gonnet ,&nbsp;Eric Fouache","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the mid-to-late Holocene palaeogeographical evolution of the Kalamas river delta, the second largest delta in Epirus, Greece, which had previously lacked comprehensive palaeoenvironmental investigation despite its archaeological significance. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the research integrates geomorphological field surveys, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) profiles, core drilling, sedimentological and microfaunal analyses, associated with radiocarbon dating. The findings reveal four significant phases in the delta's evolution. Initially, freshwater wetlands existed in the southeastern part of the delta until at least 7429-7280 cal. BP. Subsequently, around 6627-6402 cal. BP, a peak in marine transgression established predominantly shallow marine environments. By approximately 5590-5191 cal. BP, accelerated delta progradation led to the development of open and restricted lagoons, likely formed by extensive littoral barriers or sandy spits. From 1874 to 1719 cal. BP, during the Antiquity and particularly during the Roman period, terrestrial alluvial sedimentation became prevalent, with continued delta progradation in subsequent centuries.</div><div>These results provide crucial insights into the geomorphological processes that have shaped the Kalamas delta and emphasize the taphonomic biases induced by environmental changes and progradation processes, which may account for the apparent lack of surface archaeological remains—many sites may have been destroyed or buried under sediment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surficial geomorphic expressions along the Zanskar shear zone (ZSZ), NW Himalaya, India","authors":"Omar Jaan Paul ,&nbsp;Khalid Omar Murtaza ,&nbsp;Malik Zubair Ahmad ,&nbsp;Irfan Maqbool Bhat ,&nbsp;Feroz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Jehangeer Ahmad Mir ,&nbsp;Waseem Qader ,&nbsp;Suhail Hussain Sheikh ,&nbsp;Shakil Ahmad Romshoo ,&nbsp;Reyaz Ahmad Dar","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is substantial evidence of the dynamic interplay between surficial geomorphic processes and active tectonics in the Zanskar Shear Zone (ZSZ), northwest Himalaya, India. The ZSZ is a result of tectonic conversion with a SW–NE orientation that began in the Late Cretaceous and became stronger in the Early Miocene as a result of the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. Earlier studies have addressed its tectonic activity and metamorphic activation. However, the contribution of active tectonics to the geomorphic evolution of the region is less understood. Using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) and Google Earth Imagery, various geomorphic features viz., alluvial fans, triangular facets, wineglass valleys, mountain fronts, knickpoints, and river terraces were identified and delineated. The study area was divided into three river sections viz., Suru, Doda, and Tsarap, running along or occasionally cutting across the strike of the ZSZ. The longitudinal river profiles suggest a relatively higher degree of tectonic activity along the Doda River, followed by the Tsarap and Suru Rivers. This spatial variation in the tectonic activity is also evident from the mountain front sinuosity index, wineglass valley index, triangular facets, and the morphometry of alluvial fans. Both the geomorphic features and morphometric parameters provide evidence of relative variation in the ZSZ activity along the Suru, Doda, and Tsarap River sections. Therefore, the present geomorphic evaluation suggests that the surficial (Quaternary) geomorphology documents the tectonic activity and its spatial variations along the ZSZ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Quaternary La Garrotxa volcanic field (NE of Iberia): A geochronological approach","authors":"Joan Martí ,&nbsp;Julia Ricci ,&nbsp;Llorenç Planagumà ,&nbsp;Gerardo J. Aguirre Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monogenetic volcanic fields exhibit extended periods of magmatic activity, often spanning several million to tens of millions of years. Understanding the evolution of this activity is challenging due to incomplete geological records and limited geochronological data. However, the relative volcanic stratigraphy and morphometric analysis of volcanic landforms enable the identification of temporal patterns in volcanic activity. These patterns often reveal clusters of eruptions interspersed with periods of relative inactivity, reflecting the tectonic evolution of the region, which influences magma generation and ascent.</div><div>Quantifying this temporal evolution is crucial for Quaternary monogenetic fields, as their activity may still be ongoing, posing potential risks. This is exemplified by the La Garrotxa volcanic field in the Catalan Volcanic Zone, part of the European Rift System, active from the mid-Pleistocene to the early Holocene. In this study, we present 15 new Ar-Ar ages, along with a comprehensive field review, to accurately establish the recent temporal evolution of this volcanic field, refining previous stratigraphies based solely on field relations and morphometric analysis. These new ages indicate that volcanic activity in the La Garrotxa Volcanic Field is more recent and frequent than previously believed, with significant implications for volcanic hazard assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neanderthals’ recolonizations of marginal areas: An overview from Eastern Germany","authors":"Andrea Picin","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Middle Paleolithic in Eastern Germany presents a unique context for understanding Neanderthal populations' dynamics within environmental shifts. The cyclical ice-sheet growth and advancements during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene caused occupational gaps in North-western and Central Europe and recurring episodes of recolonization from the southern regions. From cold tundra and steppe landscapes to forested habitats during climatic amelioration, these environmental changes significantly influenced Neanderthal settlement patterns and adaptive strategies. In this study, the lithic assemblages from some Middle Paleolithic sites stretched between Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt are analyzed. Despite migrations occurring over millennia, our study reveals that the unidirectional reduction scheme was continuously applied to different knapping methods remaining a common technological substrate during the whole Middle Paleolithic. The introduction of asymmetric bifacial tools during MIS 5c/MIS 5a did not alter predominant flake production methods. Contrariwise to support a techno-cultural stasis lasted several millennia, this study reveals that this technical continuity could be related to the changes in raw material size occurred during the Middle Pleistocene. Large erratic flint nodules during the Elsterian glaciation promoted loss-making behaviors, while the transport of smaller nodules during the Drenthe glaciation encouraged more intensive exploitation of pebbles during the Late Middle Paleolithic. By shedding light on Neanderthal lifeways, technological adaptations, and settlement patterns in Eastern Germany, this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of their behavior amidst evolving environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on geotechnical and microstructural properties of expansive soils","authors":"Mebrate Tamiru,&nbsp;Eleyas Assefa,&nbsp;S.M. Assefa,&nbsp;Nagessa Zerihun Jilo","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the effects of heating on the geotechnical and microstructural properties of natural expansive soil found in Sendafa, Ethiopia. Expansive soils, known for their volume changes with moisture variation, pose significant challenges. Traditional methods for improving these soils include using lime, cement, and agricultural wastes. However, this study focuses on heat treatment as an alternative approach to enhance the soil geotechnical behavior. Classified as A7-6 and CH according to the AASHTO and USCS classifications, the soil samples underwent heating in a micro-oven at temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C for 1 h. Notably, the soil index properties showed improvement starting at 400 °C. With increased temperatures, dry density rose while optimum moisture content decreased. Furthermore, unconfined compressive strength and swelling pressure dropped as the heating temperature escalated, and the clay minerals composition was reduced due to calcination and dehydration processes. SEM analysis revealed a transformed microstructure, with the soil appearing cinder (scoria)-like, exhibiting a more flocculated, aggregated, and well-integrated layered structure. This study underscores the potential of heat treatment for stabilizing expansive soils, recommending a minimum temperature of 400 °C for effective results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}