Quaternary Science Advances最新文献

{"title":"Surficial geomorphic expressions along the Zanskar shear zone (ZSZ), NW Himalaya, India","authors":"Omar Jaan Paul ,&nbsp;Khalid Omar Murtaza ,&nbsp;Malik Zubair Ahmad ,&nbsp;Irfan Maqbool Bhat ,&nbsp;Feroz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Jehangeer Ahmad Mir ,&nbsp;Waseem Qader ,&nbsp;Suhail Hussain Sheikh ,&nbsp;Shakil Ahmad Romshoo ,&nbsp;Reyaz Ahmad Dar","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is substantial evidence of the dynamic interplay between surficial geomorphic processes and active tectonics in the Zanskar Shear Zone (ZSZ), northwest Himalaya, India. The ZSZ is a result of tectonic conversion with a SW–NE orientation that began in the Late Cretaceous and became stronger in the Early Miocene as a result of the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. Earlier studies have addressed its tectonic activity and metamorphic activation. However, the contribution of active tectonics to the geomorphic evolution of the region is less understood. Using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) and Google Earth Imagery, various geomorphic features viz., alluvial fans, triangular facets, wineglass valleys, mountain fronts, knickpoints, and river terraces were identified and delineated. The study area was divided into three river sections viz., Suru, Doda, and Tsarap, running along or occasionally cutting across the strike of the ZSZ. The longitudinal river profiles suggest a relatively higher degree of tectonic activity along the Doda River, followed by the Tsarap and Suru Rivers. This spatial variation in the tectonic activity is also evident from the mountain front sinuosity index, wineglass valley index, triangular facets, and the morphometry of alluvial fans. Both the geomorphic features and morphometric parameters provide evidence of relative variation in the ZSZ activity along the Suru, Doda, and Tsarap River sections. Therefore, the present geomorphic evaluation suggests that the surficial (Quaternary) geomorphology documents the tectonic activity and its spatial variations along the ZSZ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Quaternary La Garrotxa volcanic field (NE of Iberia): A geochronological approach","authors":"Joan Martí ,&nbsp;Julia Ricci ,&nbsp;Llorenç Planagumà ,&nbsp;Gerardo J. Aguirre Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monogenetic volcanic fields exhibit extended periods of magmatic activity, often spanning several million to tens of millions of years. Understanding the evolution of this activity is challenging due to incomplete geological records and limited geochronological data. However, the relative volcanic stratigraphy and morphometric analysis of volcanic landforms enable the identification of temporal patterns in volcanic activity. These patterns often reveal clusters of eruptions interspersed with periods of relative inactivity, reflecting the tectonic evolution of the region, which influences magma generation and ascent.</div><div>Quantifying this temporal evolution is crucial for Quaternary monogenetic fields, as their activity may still be ongoing, posing potential risks. This is exemplified by the La Garrotxa volcanic field in the Catalan Volcanic Zone, part of the European Rift System, active from the mid-Pleistocene to the early Holocene. In this study, we present 15 new Ar-Ar ages, along with a comprehensive field review, to accurately establish the recent temporal evolution of this volcanic field, refining previous stratigraphies based solely on field relations and morphometric analysis. These new ages indicate that volcanic activity in the La Garrotxa Volcanic Field is more recent and frequent than previously believed, with significant implications for volcanic hazard assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on geotechnical and microstructural properties of expansive soils","authors":"Mebrate Tamiru,&nbsp;Eleyas Assefa,&nbsp;S.M. Assefa,&nbsp;Nagessa Zerihun Jilo","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the effects of heating on the geotechnical and microstructural properties of natural expansive soil found in Sendafa, Ethiopia. Expansive soils, known for their volume changes with moisture variation, pose significant challenges. Traditional methods for improving these soils include using lime, cement, and agricultural wastes. However, this study focuses on heat treatment as an alternative approach to enhance the soil geotechnical behavior. Classified as A7-6 and CH according to the AASHTO and USCS classifications, the soil samples underwent heating in a micro-oven at temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C for 1 h. Notably, the soil index properties showed improvement starting at 400 °C. With increased temperatures, dry density rose while optimum moisture content decreased. Furthermore, unconfined compressive strength and swelling pressure dropped as the heating temperature escalated, and the clay minerals composition was reduced due to calcination and dehydration processes. SEM analysis revealed a transformed microstructure, with the soil appearing cinder (scoria)-like, exhibiting a more flocculated, aggregated, and well-integrated layered structure. This study underscores the potential of heat treatment for stabilizing expansive soils, recommending a minimum temperature of 400 °C for effective results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault growth and rupture history based on displacement distribution along the Luoshan Fault, NW China","authors":"Haoyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenjun Zheng ,&nbsp;Dongli Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Sun ,&nbsp;Bingxu Liu ,&nbsp;Shiqi Wei ,&nbsp;Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth and development of faults are driven by repetitive earthquakes, which accumulate displacement and extend rupture lengths. This process changes fault morphology, resulting in surface ruptures that are preserved in the geomorphology as displaced landforms. High-resolution geomorphic data enable the precise acquisition of these displaced landforms, facilitating detailed analysis of slip distributions along faults and offering quantitative constraints on the growth and rupture history of faults. In this study, an airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system was employed to obtain 0.5-m resolution geomorphic data &gt;500 m long on both sides of the Luoshan Fault on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. By interpreting and distinguishing different geomorphic markers, we identified and measured 436 right-lateral offsets along the Luoshan Fault. Based on statistical analysis methods, we determined that there were six strong earthquakes within 10 m of the cumulative displacement along the Luoshan Fault. Except for the latest event, the other five strong events showed regular displacement increments of approximately 1.9 m, revealing a strong earthquake pattern of approximate characteristic slip. The different cumulative displacement distributions correspond to various stages of fault growth. The growth pattern of the Luoshan Fault evolves from fault tip propagation and linkage (Events 1–5) to a mode of growth with a constant fault length but increased cumulative displacement (Event 6). Based on the displacement distribution along the Luoshan Fault, the northern segment is more likely to experience earthquake events, with magnitudes ranging from Mw 6.84 to 7.12.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ and modelled debris thickness distribution on Panchi Nala Glacier (western Himalaya, India) and its impact on glacier state","authors":"Purushottam Kumar Garg ,&nbsp;Mohd Farooq Azam ,&nbsp;Iram Ali ,&nbsp;Aparna Shukla ,&nbsp;Arindan Mandal ,&nbsp;Himanshu Kaushik","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents extensive in-situ debris thickness measurements over the Panchi Nala Glacier (western Himalaya, India) and models its spatial distribution using remote sensing and ERA-5 reanalysis data. A rigorous comparison of in-situ and modelled debris thickness and a systematic assessment of its influence on glacier state (2000–2019) are also made. In-situ measurements reveal debris thickness ranging from 0 to 70 ± 0.25 cm. Modelled debris thickness ranges from 0 to 64 ± 1.75 cm. Debris thickness pattern is such that it increases from centre to margins and snout to upglacier. In-situ and modelled debris thickness show a good positive correlation (r = 0.73; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Further, the glacier-wide mass balance is −0.51 ± 0.09 m w.e./y. Modelled debris thickness showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.66; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) with surface lowering, indicating reduced melt under thick debris. These moderate-to-good correlations in both cases can be ascribed to the inability of coarse resolution data to capture small supraglacial feature variations. Also, thicker debris over margins probably protected it, manifested through limited area loss (0.13 ± 0.2%/y) and snout retreat (5.9 ± 1.6 m/y). Results show higher thinning over the upper ablation zone (4725–4925 m asl) compared to the lower ablation zone (4546–4725 m asl), likely induced by typical debris distribution, has reduced the glacier-tongue's slope (6.7°). Gentle glacier-tongue in a negative mass balance regime with growing debris (0.3 ± 0.2%/y) has become conducive to supraglacial ponds and ice cliffs development, which now dominate ablation processes. Overall, the study presents crucial data on debris thickness and provides vital insights into glacier evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing drainage capture between the two large tributaries of the Yangtze River in the southeastern Tibetan plateau: Insights from detrital apatite fission-track thermochronology","authors":"Rong Yang,&nbsp;Rongyan Li,&nbsp;Cheng Su,&nbsp;Junqing He,&nbsp;Chenchao Xu,&nbsp;Xuhua Shi,&nbsp;Hanlin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of drainage patterns in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau remains a highly controversial topic. In this study, we provide solid evidence that the Dadu and Anning Rivers, located in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, have undergone reorganization after the plateau uplift. Through detrital apatite fission-track dating on modern sediments from both rivers, as well as the upper Pliocene - lower Pleistocene Xigeda Formation of the Anning, we reveal that the modern sediments of the Dadu River are dominated by young AFT ages (&lt;5 Ma), consistent with the bedrock ages in its drainage basin. Similarly, the Anning modern sediments and the Xigeda Formation exhibit a significant portion of young ages (peaking at 4.2 and 4.4 Ma, respectively), contrasting with the older ages observed in the bedrocks of the Anning drainage basin but comparable to those of the Dadu drainage basin. We conclude that the Anning and Dadu Rivers were connected during the deposition of the Xigeda Formation, and the modern Anning River receives significant recycled sediments from this formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS and remote sensing-based wildlife habitat suitability analysis for Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) at Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia","authors":"Mamush Masha ,&nbsp;Gemechu Tadila ,&nbsp;Elias Bojago","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethiopia's Bale Mountains National Park protects the continent's largest remaining alpine environments. This park was first suggested in 1973 to safeguard its great biodiversity, including the endangered Mountain Nyala (<em>Tragelaphus buxtoni</em>) and Red Foxes. Despite these conservation measures, the lack of infrastructure and the enormous area projected have resulted in significant wildlife habitat fragmentation. The purpose of this study is to analyse the habitat suitability of the Mountain Nyala in Bale Mountains National Park using GIS and remote sensing approach in order to inform conservation efforts and assist park management seekers in making policy decisions. To identify potential habitats for the Mountain Nyala, the study employed GIS spatial analyst techniques such as the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Landsat 9 (OLI/TIRS) data, as well as key environmental factors such as vegetation types, soil types, topographic factors (elevation and slope), climate factors (temperature), and proximity factors (distance to settlements, roads, and rivers). The Weights of these factors was calculated using IDRISI32 Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) with the pair-wise comparison method. These weighted factor maps were then integrated through weighted overlay analysis to model wildlife habitat suitability. The analysis revealed five classes of habitat suitability; of the total land area studied, 1326.7 km² (60%) was deemed suitable for the Mountain Nyala while 881.3 km² (40%) was unsuitable. Specifically, 327.4 km² (15%) was classified as highly suitable, 240.7 km² (11%) as moderately suitable, 758.6 km² (34%) as marginally suitable, 352.4 km² (16%) as currently not suitable, and 528.9 km² (24%) as permanently not suitable. The majority of suitable habitats are concentrated in the northern part of the park, along the western border, and in the Harrena forest area. This study provides vital insights into habitat suitability that are crucial for the conservation of the Mountain Nyala and the overall management of the park.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined GIS, FR and AHP approaches to landslide susceptibility and risk zonation in the Baso Liben district, Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Biniyam Taye Alamrew ,&nbsp;Tibebu Kassawmar ,&nbsp;Likinaw Mengstie ,&nbsp;Muralitharan Jothimani","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In mountainous places, landslides pose severe environmental threats, weakening infrastructure, resulting in death and costing the economy. This article assesses landslide susceptibility and risk in the Baso Liben district of Northwestern Ethiopia using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Frequency Ratio (FR). Eleven key environmental and geological components— height, slope, lithology, soil type, and land use—were studied. After field research and Google Earth photos, 342 landslide incidents were collated and separated into validation (30%) and training (70%) datasets. ROC curves provide a technique for analyzing the efficacy of the FR and AHP models. With an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 83.4%, the AHP model exhibited superior accuracy than the FR model, with an AUC value of 74.4%. Very low, low, moderate, high, and very high vulnerability are five categories defined as landslide hazard zones. The AHP model assessed 10.5% of the area as very high risk, 19.8% as high danger, 25.6% as moderate risk, 28% as medium risk, and 16.1% as very low risk. The FR model meanwhile assessed 10.16% of the area as very high risk, 21.3% as high risk, 28.9% as moderate risk, 22.5% as low risk, and 17.04% as very low risk. The results reveal that slope angle, lithology, and elevation are key factors impacting landslide vulnerability. These findings equip a practical framework for land-use planning and disaster risk reduction, providing decision-makers with appropriate instruments to help lessen landslide hazards. The research underscores the significance of combining objective data analysis with expert knowledge to enhance the accuracy and reliability of landslide susceptibility models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural rhythms and pulses on MIS 5-3 migration episodes of Homo sapiens dispersal in Northeast Africa","authors":"Jürgen Richter ,&nbsp;Karin Kindermann ,&nbsp;Ralf Vogelsang ,&nbsp;Felix Henselowsky","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On the one hand, genetic observations suggest one essential migration of anatomically modern humans (AMH) from Africa to Eurasia had taken place around 70-50 ka BP and led to the dispersal of AMH all over the world (Out-of-Africa-II model). On the other hand, given the initial phase of the migration would have been located in East and Northeast Africa, archaeological patterning of cultural traits can, so far, neither support nor contradict such a model within the supposed area of migration, and at the time concerned hereby. This paper addresses the obvious invisibility of the migration in the archaeological record and the reasons for it. We propose the summer/winter rainfall frontier to have caused phases of isolation between East and Northeast Africa, impeding cultural exchange between these areas, either resulting from acculturation or migration. We exclude large scale events of dispersal, only small-scale movements of populations to be admitted. This might explain the lack of archaeological visibility of the migration event.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle Stone Age technological organisation from MIS 5 at Mertenhof Rockshelter, South Africa","authors":"Corey A. O'Driscoll ,&nbsp;Alex Mackay","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithic technological organisation within the southern Africa Early Middle Stone Age (∼315,000–80,000 years ago) has seen relatively little investigation owing to the subtly of technological change, frequent use of locally derived raw materials, and the archaeological spatio-temporal discontinuity. This has resulted in relatively limited use of explanatory models for technological variability, including mobility, provisioning, tool production, and core reduction strategies. This paper uses 2952 artefacts to test the lithic technological organisation across Marine Isotope Stage 5 units of Mertenhof Rockshelter. Here we argue that the scales and concepts currently used to approach Early Middle Stone Age technology requires reconsideration. The Mertenhof sequence exhibits high proportions of non-local raw materials with their transport reflective of tactical adjustments within relatively stable mobility, provisioning, and reduction strategies. We demonstrate that Early Middle Stone Age populations maintained a diverse array of tactical solutions across these strategic domains, offering a durable and flexible strategy that would be adapted to changing contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}