Open CeramicsPub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100660
Nadine Lorenz , Uwe Scheithauer , Eric Schwarzer-Fischer , Sindy Mosch , Martin Propst , Jan Sieder-Katzmann , Christian Bach
{"title":"Assessment of the as-sintered surfaces of ceramic components additively manufactured by vat Photopolymerization (CerAMVPP)","authors":"Nadine Lorenz , Uwe Scheithauer , Eric Schwarzer-Fischer , Sindy Mosch , Martin Propst , Jan Sieder-Katzmann , Christian Bach","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this work was to gain an initial impression of the surface quality that can be achieved with additively manufactured ceramic components. For this purpose, an assessment body was generated, which has partially double-curved surfaces that can be scanned using a confocal microscope. After manufacturing using Vat Photopolymerization for ceramic components (CerAM VPP) with a commercial alumina suspension (Lithalox 350, Lithoz, Vienna, AUT) and thermal processing, the respective surface was measured at four different geometric areas. For evaluation, line sections were extracted to calculate R<sub>a</sub> values as well as to determine S<sub>a</sub> values for surfaces. R<sub>a</sub> and S<sub>a</sub> values were determined in all areas, reaching always values below 2.5 μm. The surface quality is therefore an order of magnitude lower than that of typical metallic AM components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266653952400124X/pdfft?md5=755b3b166ae5d41ace4e212de4d02dd5&pid=1-s2.0-S266653952400124X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open CeramicsPub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100659
Ricardo Anaya , María F. Hernández , Anabella Mocciaro , Diego Richard , Nicolás M. Rendtorff
{"title":"Reused green glass for the production of low-density ceramic proppants","authors":"Ricardo Anaya , María F. Hernández , Anabella Mocciaro , Diego Richard , Nicolás M. Rendtorff","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reuse of waste to promote manufacturing processes that are respectful of the environment is a fundamental requirement in circular economy practices. In this work, it is assessed the feasibility of manufacturing ceramic proppants from a commercial red clay, sodium and potassium feldspars, and significant amounts of green bottle glass recovered from urban wastes.</p><p>Different ceramic mixtures were formulated, and the sintering conditions were defined considering optical dilatometric, differential thermal, and thermogravimetric analysis. The obtained granules were characterised following the international standard for proppants, and also using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and individual diametral compression tests.</p><p>The results show that competitive proppants are obtained, due to their low-density (2.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) and good breakage ratio (7.8 % at 5000 psi, or 34.5 MPa), but also considering the involved low-cost processing route and raw materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539524001238/pdfft?md5=3a52d4e57bf18e1f2f7c0460d36f5eb7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666539524001238-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open CeramicsPub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100658
Eva Gregorová, Lucie Kotrbová, Willi Pabst
{"title":"Thermal cycling damage of silica refractories for high-temperature thermal energy storage (HT-TES) – Can it be healed?","authors":"Eva Gregorová, Lucie Kotrbová, Willi Pabst","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silica refractories are promising materials for high-temperature thermal energy storage (HT-TES), because they exhibit excellent thermal cycling properties, unless cooled below a critical temperature (usually assumed to be 600 °C). When cooling down to room temperature severe damage can occur, which can be conveniently monitored via the impulse excitation technique (IET). This damage is most severe when the cycling maximum temperature is low. The question is whether this damage can be healed again. In this short contribution we show that severe damage in silica refractories, caused by heating from room temperature to 300 °C and back again to room temperature, can indeed be healed by thermal cycling to 1300 °C. The healed material is actually better than the pristine material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539524001226/pdfft?md5=1a4b3929bfd7f79a501f51d4289facd5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666539524001226-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid densification of nanocrystalline zirconia: Pressureless versus pressure-assisted spark plasma sintering","authors":"Andraž Kocjan , Nikhil Bhootpur , Aljaž Iveković , Mirva Eriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is the most straightforward way to rapidly sinter nanoceramics, but the applied pressure prevents sintering of additively manufactured ceramics. Therefore, fast firing techniques such as “pressureless” SPS and ultra-fast high-temperature sintering, based on intense thermal radiation, are gaining interest. Here we compare pressure/current-assisted and pressureless SPS techniques for the rapid heating (∼300 °C/min, 5 min) of nanocrystalline zirconia with high sintering activity. The applied pressure and current indeed contributed to the lowe<del>st</del>r temperatures needed for full densification of nanocrystalline zirconia, retaining very fine grain size, but also induced tetragonal phase transformations in the final sintering stages. When the radiative heat transfer was “decoupled” (pressureless SPS), a pronounced temperature difference between graphite crucible wall and simulated specimen temperature along with non-steady-state conditions during dwell were observed. Nevertheless, high heating rates facilitated fine and dense microstructures even in the absence of pressure/current.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539524001214/pdfft?md5=1f2056ac48e7bb55eb253eca26e7fd9b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666539524001214-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open CeramicsPub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100655
J.C. Sänger , N.F. König , A. De Marzi , A. Zocca , G. Franchin , R. Bermejo , P. Colombo , J. Günster
{"title":"Linear volumetric additive manufacturing of zirconia from a transparent photopolymerizable ceramic slurry via Xolography","authors":"J.C. Sänger , N.F. König , A. De Marzi , A. Zocca , G. Franchin , R. Bermejo , P. Colombo , J. Günster","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advanced ceramics printed with photon-based additive manufacturing deals with anisotropic mechanical properties from the layer-by-layer manufacturing. Motivated by the success in using highly filled transparent slurries containing nanoparticles for powder-based two-photon-polymerization (2PP) for advanced ceramic printing, this works approach is the transfer to Xolography, a volumetric additive manufacturing technology based on linear two-photon excitation and without recoating steps. This paper reports the results of a preliminary investigation optimizing the photocurable slurry to the requirements of Xolography in terms of transparency, over a significantly larger mean free path, compared to 2PP. A feedstock filled with 70 % weight fraction of ceramic particles (∼30 vol%) exhibiting an exceptionally high degree of transparency in the relevant wavelength range of 400–800 nm was prepared from 5 nm zirconia nanoparticles. The high transparency of the photocurable slurry is attributed to the near-monomodal particle size distribution of the zirconia nanoparticles used.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539524001196/pdfft?md5=be4bd59e42a2ba3eb3d868dac087d26b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666539524001196-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of increased intra-bundle spacing on mechanical behaviour of Cf- ZrB2–SiC ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites produced by slurry infiltration and hot pressing","authors":"Adarsha Ranjan Mishra , Vajinder Singh , Manish Patel , Rahul Mitra","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A study has been carried out to examine the influence of augmented intra-bundle spacing achieved through innovative pre-treatment (heat treatment or ultrasonication) of carbon fibre (C<sub>f</sub>) fabric, on mechanical properties of C<sub>f</sub>-ZrB<sub>2</sub>-SiC composites processed by ZrB<sub>2</sub>–SiC slurry infiltration and hot pressing. Significantly enhanced C<sub>f</sub> fabric intra-bundle spacing has facilitated homogeneous slurry infiltration, but has lowered elastic modulus, flexural strength, and fracture toughness compared to the composite with as-received C<sub>f</sub>, because of fibre disorientation introduced during pre-treatment and its partial degradation by formation of interfacial ZrC during sintering. Notably, the composite with heat-treated C<sub>f</sub> has shown superior fracture toughness (7.78 ± 0.4 MPa√m) and work of fracture (3043.25 ± 24.2 J/m<sup>2</sup>) compared to that containing ultra-sonicated C<sub>f</sub> by 52.5 % and 95.7 %, respectively. Despite these variations, all the composites have exhibited non-catastrophic fracture behaviour during testing owing to the role of fibre pull-out, crack bridging, and crack deflection operating as toughening mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539524001202/pdfft?md5=260952d1171c12a35d1faea0acc73cba&pid=1-s2.0-S2666539524001202-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open CeramicsPub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100654
Marzieh Ghadamyari , Róbert Klement , Hossein Ebrahim Hosseini , Milan Parchovianský , Jozef Kraxner , Dušan Galusek , Sathya Narayanasamy , Erwin Hack , Gurdial Blugan , Monika Michálková
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of YAG microspheres doped with Eu2+/Eu3+ for broad band emission","authors":"Marzieh Ghadamyari , Róbert Klement , Hossein Ebrahim Hosseini , Milan Parchovianský , Jozef Kraxner , Dušan Galusek , Sathya Narayanasamy , Erwin Hack , Gurdial Blugan , Monika Michálková","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Achieving full-spectrum lighting is a major challenge for phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs), which are crucial for solid-state lighting. This study presents the synthesis of polycrystalline Eu-doped Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (YAG) phosphors through a sol-gel method and flame synthesis process, leading to XRD amorphous microspheres. The amorphous nature of the microspheres allows the reduction of Eu<sup>3+</sup> to Eu<sup>2+</sup> at a significantly lower temperature (800 °C) than the reduction of crystalline samples described in the literature (1400 °C). The presence of Eu<sup>2+</sup> in the YAG lattice was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) of samples annealed in reducing atmosphere confirmed partial crystallization of pure YAG in all examined samples. The Eu-doped YAG phosphor embedded in residual glass microspheres exhibited a broadband emission spectrum over the wavelength range 450–800 nm peaking at 565 nm, corresponding to the 4f<sup>6</sup>5d<sup>1</sup>→ 4f<sup>7</sup> electron transition within the Eu<sup>2+</sup> ions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539524001184/pdfft?md5=63f41c803fee7a8550a4b3caf575757a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666539524001184-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative assessment of thermal conductivity of functionally graded and equivalent non-graded ZrB2–B4C–SiC–LaB6 ultra-high-temperature ceramic composites","authors":"Ajit Kumar Naik , Lava Kumar Pillari , Kyle Lessoway , Lukas Bichler , Tapas Laha , Siddhartha Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, functionally graded ZrB<sub>2</sub>–B<sub>4</sub>C–SiC–LaB<sub>6</sub> composite materials (FGMs) with potential applications in hypersonic aircraft thermal protection systems were fabricated using spark plasma sintering. A systematic study of the thermal conductivity of the FGM, the conductivity of respective FGM layers, and the equivalent non-graded composites, was performed from room temperature up to 450 °C. The results suggest that the thermal conductivity of the FGMs (in the through-thickness direction) and their equivalent non-graded composites ranged between 25 and 34.9 W/mK, which was ∼60 % less than ZrB<sub>2</sub>. While the overall thermal conductivity of the FGM and equivalent non-graded composites were similar, in the FGM, the topmost layer with high ZrB<sub>2</sub>-content displayed up to 245 % higher thermal conductivity than the bottom layer with high B<sub>4</sub>C content. A systematic comparison between experimentally determined conductivity and relevant thermal conductivity models was conducted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539524001172/pdfft?md5=378a00f163dc72eeceb0924997fe385b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666539524001172-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Residues from beneficiation of granite in porcelain stoneware: Effects on technological properties","authors":"Chiara Molinari , Andreea Sima , Matteo Cavina , Guia Guarini , Sonia Conte , Stefania Albonetti , Enrique Sanchez , Eugeni Cañas , Michele Dondi , Chiara Zanelli","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Granite extraction waste represents an interesting alternative material for porcelain stoneware production, but information on its influence presents several gaps. For this reason, two different wastes were selected: a coarser iron-rich material from magnetic separation and a finer one from conveyance and abatement systems. Both were physically and chemically characterized. Batches were formulated by partial substitution of feldspar and technological behaviour of bodies was assessed by simulating the industrial manufacture at laboratory scale. Tiles were shaped by uniaxial pressure and fired by fast firing in electric roller kiln. The effect of waste addition was evaluated during the whole production process. Fired samples were characterized in terms of technological properties, mineralogical composition and microstructure evolution. The formulation optimization reduces firing temperature getting commercial technological constraints. A further increase of finer waste content affects compaction and mechanical strength. The presence of micaceous particles after the firing process may act as cracks initiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539524001159/pdfft?md5=4ff3523128e85a66bb08e8b290992467&pid=1-s2.0-S2666539524001159-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open CeramicsPub Date : 2024-08-03DOI: 10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100652
Jason C. Young , Stephan A. Brinckmann , Ray S. Fertig III , Stephen P. Lynch , Carl P. Frick
{"title":"Influence of layer thickness and exposure on mechanical properties of additively manufactured polymer-derived SiOC ceramics","authors":"Jason C. Young , Stephan A. Brinckmann , Ray S. Fertig III , Stephen P. Lynch , Carl P. Frick","doi":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One significant hurdle in additively manufacturing polymer-derived ceramics lies in reconciling the lower mechanical properties of additively manufactured parts compared to traditionally manufactured ceramics and PDCs. Here, a methodology is presented for evaluating the influence of layer thickness and exposure on polymer-derived ceramics within the constraints of commercially available software and hardware. Maximizing exposure within printable limitation of DLP processes, produced green bodies with the highest conversion, and resulted in improved pyrolysis outcomes, manufacturability, and most importantly ceramic strengths comparable to traditionally manufactured SiOC PDCs. Decreasing layer thickness and increasing total dwell time had a dramatic impact on mechanical properties, increasing flexural strength by more than 6x from 18 MPa at 100 μm layer thickness to 111 MPa at 10 μm layer thickness. Density of resultant ceramic also increased from 1.62 ± 0.03 g/cc to 2.3 ± 0.05 g/cc. This represented a large increase in mechanical strengths of PDCs produced via DLP in literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34140,"journal":{"name":"Open Ceramics","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539524001160/pdfft?md5=2ff09e20d9315211c54c085073529567&pid=1-s2.0-S2666539524001160-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}