{"title":"Analysis of influence of seismic impact on evacuability in subway stations","authors":"Mintaek Yoo , Jeongjun Park , Jiwon Jeong , Seungjun Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disasters in subway systems pose significant threats to urban safety, particularly as urban transportation increasingly relies on underground public transport networks. This study aims to assess the impacts of seismic events on subway station structures and their evacuation routes, focusing on a human-centric approach to disaster preparedness. Using PLAXIS 2D for dynamic numerical simulations and the Dijkstra Algorithm for evacuation modeling, this research investigates how structural damage from earthquakes affects the evacuability of subway stations. The findings highlight that as earthquake magnitude increases, evacuation routes become significantly more constrained, leading to a sharp rise in evacuation difficulty and potential bottlenecks, thereby exacerbating the risk of casualties. Additionally, the analysis found that structural sections located on softer ground are more susceptible to severe damage, further impeding evacuation efforts. By addressing the practical implications of seismic impacts on evacuation routes, this work provides comprehensive insights into the risks faced by subway station occupants during seismic events. The study offers insights for enhancing emergency response strategies and underscores the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach to disaster preparedness, integrating structural engineering and evacuation route design to ensure the safety and resilience of urban subway systems during emergencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100637"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-scale analysis of fire and evacuation drill in a multi-functional university high-rise building","authors":"Yuxin Zhang , Yifei Ding , Mohcine Chraibi , Xinyan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire evacuation drills are crucial for familiarizing occupants with building layouts and evacuation procedures. However, organizing a large drill in an educational site is rare due to the cost effort and data limitations. This paper examines a fire drill in a multi-functional university building in Hong Kong with over 800 participants. While capturing every participant's evacuation process was challenging, key location recordings allowed for a detailed analysis of corridors, staircases, and exits. The analysis revealed that nearly 50% of participants delayed responding to fire alarms, with some remaining in their rooms for over four minutes. Furthermore, exits experienced imbalanced utilization rates, and one was over 200% of design capacity, revealing occupants' preference for familiar routes. Additionally, it highlights the importance of fire drills and discusses future roadmap combining advanced techniques. Overall, this study offers valuable data on human behavior during emergencies, supporting the calibration and validation of evacuation models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100626"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junyoung Kim , Jeongjun Park , Changbum Ryan Ahn , Moonseo Park , Yuncheul Woo , Ilhwa Lee
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of attention shift intervention on human evacuation behavior in virtual environment","authors":"Junyoung Kim , Jeongjun Park , Changbum Ryan Ahn , Moonseo Park , Yuncheul Woo , Ilhwa Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional auditory evacuation cues, such as fire alarms, frequently fail to capture individuals' attention, particularly when they are using handheld devices. This study investigates the effectiveness of attention shift interventions delivered via emergency text messages displayed on these devices to improve evacuation responses. Participants in a virtual reality simulation of a metro station were exposed to emergency cues through auditory broadcasts or visual text messages. The findings show that visual attention shift interventions reduce the likelihood of re-engaging in pre-evacuation activities while improving evacuation performance when compared to auditory cues. Continuous visual cues were more effective than auditory cues in keeping attention during evacuation. These results highlight the potential for personalized visual communication to improve emergency response strategies in environments where handheld devices are widely used, providing critical insights into developing more effective emergency communication systems for improved evacuation behavior and overall safety during emergencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regeneration of borehole fields using residential waste heat from ventilation and sewage","authors":"Janne Hirvonen , Santeri Siren , Piia Sormunen","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground-source heating systems in Finland face challenges in their long-term sustainability and feasibility in densely built urban environments. Enough space must be left between the boreholes used for heat collection to avoid premature cooling of the ground due to heat extraction. Ventilation heat recovery for preheating supply air is mandated in buildings, but much of this heat is lost during summer, when there is no need for heating. Sewage heat recovery on the other hand is not required at all. This simulation study examines how injecting residential waste heat into borehole fields can prevent the rapid temperature decline that follows from reducing the spacing between boreholes. Dynamic energy simulations were performed using IDA-ICE and TRNSYS. The results show that storing waste heat in the ground can sustain stable temperature levels in tightly spaced borehole fields indefinitely. This is especially important in large borehole fields meant to service a building cluster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian-Cheng Wang , Ping He , Yibin Li , Yuting Hou , Yi Izzy Jian , Xuan Liu
{"title":"Towards a human-centric city emergency response: Modelling activity patterns of urban population","authors":"Qian-Cheng Wang , Ping He , Yibin Li , Yuting Hou , Yi Izzy Jian , Xuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-centric management is emerging as a new trend in urban emergency response, which develops management and resource allocation strategies based on activity patterns of urban population and their derived demands. This study aims to construct an MDCEV-based model to capture the activity patternss of different types of residents during urban emergencies. Using a case study in Shanghai, China, the study calibrates and validates the model using resident survey data. In addition, we conducted scenario analyses to explore the impact of promoting community service participation, remote work experiences, and various working patterns on residents’ activity patterns. The research discusses the heterogeneity of time allocation patterns among different resident types in urban emergency management contexts and highlights the influence of external interventions on resident activities. Our findings contribute to the development of supporting measures for vulnerable residents and human-centric city emergency response strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100633"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Santini , Claudia Fabiani , Marco Barbanera , Alessandro Cardarelli , Stefano Agnetti , Anna Laura Pisello
{"title":"Evaluation of the thermo-physic, acoustic, and mechanical performance of innovative hydrochar-modified plasters","authors":"Carolina Santini , Claudia Fabiani , Marco Barbanera , Alessandro Cardarelli , Stefano Agnetti , Anna Laura Pisello","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the integration of hydrochar, derived from municipal solid waste, into cement-lime-based plasters to enhance their thermo-acoustic and mechanical properties. The research begins by analyzing the thermo-physical properties of hydrochar, revealing its exceptional thermal stability exceeding 200 °C. The porous nature of hydrochar proves to be advantageous, positively impacting the thermal characteristics of the plasters. Notably, the innovative plaster exhibits a significant reduction in thermal conductivity, dropping from 1 Wm<sup>−2</sup>K<sup>−1</sup> to approximately 0.7 Wm<sup>−2</sup>K<sup>−1</sup>. Despite a lower density of about 10% compared to the standard plaster, the hydrochar-modified plaster maintains good acoustic and mechanical performance. Transmission loss remains stable at 60 dB varying the thickness of the plaster while compressive and flexural strengths reduce by 2%, due to the higher percentage of water used (from 22% to 26%) to guarantee the same workability of the plasters and to distribute the hydrochar uniformly in the mix design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100627"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automating vertical bearing capacity calculations using python: Prompt engineering of ChatGPT on API RP 2A","authors":"Saeyon Kim, Donghwi Kim, Heejung Youn","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the application of ChatGPT by applying prompt engineering to enable the model to process a design standard documentation and generate computer code for calculating the vertical bearing capacity of piles. A framework is proposed for the prompt engineering of ChatGPT to compute the vertical bearing capacity according to API RP 2A and to generate Python code that complies with this standard. The research is structured into three key steps: providing geotechnical data, refining prompts to guide ChatGPT in processing the API methods for bearing capacity calculation and generating Python code to automate the calculations. Through iterative prompt refinement, the model's accuracy was improved, resulting in Python code that produced reliable outputs aligned with API RP 2A design criteria. In contrast, when ChatGPT performed the calculations directly without generating code, the results were less reliable, underscoring the value of ChatGPT-driven code generation for achieving accurate and consistent outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100628"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability analysis-based life cycle assessment of railway components using long-term maintenance data","authors":"Koochul Ji , Ilyoon Choi , Jongmuk Won","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a framework to evaluate the reliability of rail operation times and optimal maintenance intervals for sleepers and fasteners using a long-term maintenance database in South Korea. Additionally, the study investigates the effects of rail grinding and establishes optimal rail replacement intervals. It was found that the optimal maintenance interval of 2.04 and 2.36 months for fasteners and sleepers and optimal replacement interval of 89 months with griding interval of 10 months for rail would be recommended. It was also found that rail grinding reduces rail degradation rates and extends rail lifespan. In addition, reinforced concrete sleeper, concrete track bed (slab track), and straight rail track shows higher long-term durability than prestressed concrete sleeper, gravel ballast, and curved rail track. Overall, the proposed framework can provide data-driven cost-based optimization to determine the best maintenance strategies for long-term sustainable railway operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100629"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rogier Harmelink , Siem van Merrienboer , Arjen Adriaanse , Jos van Hillegersberg , Engin Topan , Ruben Vrijhoef
{"title":"Strategic and operational construction logistics control tower","authors":"Rogier Harmelink , Siem van Merrienboer , Arjen Adriaanse , Jos van Hillegersberg , Engin Topan , Ruben Vrijhoef","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction companies have issues meeting building demands, and supply chain management promises are only sometimes fully utilized in practice. This paper investigates an IT artefact called the Construction Logistics Control Tower (CLCT). A CLCT is a control tower artefact specifically focusing on optimizing construction logistics activities across the supply chain. We distinguish four potential construction logistics application fields and, therefore, describe four potential variants of the CLCT. We design and narrow down these alternatives by applying a form of co-creation in which stakeholders design and set requirements for the artefact of interest. Our goal is to develop a reference architecture for the strategic and operational form in Enterprise Architecture. We focus on a transportation-based CLCT, which has a strategic component, <em>i.e</em>., it predicts and manages long-term logistics activities regarding construction, and an operational one, <em>i.e</em>., it operationalizes and executes daily transportation processes to support construction activities. Our work provides a core enterprise architecture diagram describing this CLCT variant’s main functionalities. Next, we find that three key technologies need to be combined to realize such a system: Building Information Modelling, Geographic Information System and Transportation Management System. We discuss potential hurdles in the integration process and reflect on potential solutions. In the end, we envision that the construction of such a CLCT takes both a bottom-up and top-down approach but at least should be supported by a large consortium of stakeholders, constructing and supporting the system from their interests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100625"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Weniger , Julian Frede , Laura Schmidt , Leonie Hartmann , Marzia Traverso
{"title":"Sustainability assessment of logistics halls","authors":"Alexandra Weniger , Julian Frede , Laura Schmidt , Leonie Hartmann , Marzia Traverso","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research objective of this study is to create a framework for assessing the environmental and social sustainability of logistics halls. The goal is to determine which sustainability issues and indicators are particularly relevant for managing the best possible environmental and social balance of a logistics hall. A literature review assesses the current state of the art in Life Cycle Sustainability Assessments. Furthermore, a Social Hotspot Database screening and the Real Estate Impact Analysis Tool of the UNEP are utilized to fulfill relevant social categories. The collected data is summarized in a guideline for social and environmental life cycle assessments following the four-phase structure defined in ISO 14040/14044. To finalize the study, an exemplary case study conducting an environmental and social sustainability assessment of a logistics hall in Germany is carried out. The results provide valuable insights for future sustainability assessments of logistics halls and utilization of the developed framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100622"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}