Developments in the Built Environment最新文献

{"title":"Composition effects on microstructure and mechanical performance of lightweight cementitious mortars incorporating recycled glass powder","authors":"Yara Nasr ,&nbsp;Makram El Bachawati ,&nbsp;Ameur El Amine Hamami ,&nbsp;Henri El Zakhem ,&nbsp;Rafik Belarbi","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction sector must reduce its environmental footprint by adopting circular, low-carbon materials that preserve mechanical performance. This study develops lightweight aerated mortars incorporating recycled waste glass powder (RWGP, 0–50 wt%) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 0–7.5 wt%) as a chemical foaming agent. Sixteen formulations were produced through a factorial design and evaluated for bulk density, porosity, and compressive strength, supported by XRD, TGA, and X-ray micro-computed tomography. The interwoven mechanisms of RWGP-driven pozzolanic densification and H₂O₂-induced pore formation were quantified as RWGP promotes portlandite consumption and secondary C–S–H formation, while controlled aeration generated a uniform pore network. The mortars exhibited densities from approximately 2080 to 1820 kg/m³ and compressive strengths between 16 and 62 MPa, with statistical analysis confirming strong density–solid fraction and strength–porosity correlations. M7.5-50 reduced the roof areal load by ∼12% relative to conventional mortar while remaining compliant with the Eurocodes, demonstrating the potential of the mortars for multifunctional roof-layer applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100922"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-laminated strand-veneer lumber mass timber panels from commercially produced thermally modified wood strands","authors":"Rajan Adhikari ,&nbsp;Avishek Chanda ,&nbsp;Muhammad Khusairy Bin Bakri ,&nbsp;Manuel Raul Pelaez-Samaniego ,&nbsp;Matthew Aro ,&nbsp;Vikram Yadama","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the influence of thermal modification on wood strands produced from small-diameter trees and the resulting composite panels, including veneers, laminated strand veneer lumber (LSVL), and cross-laminated strand veneer lumber (CLSVL) mass timber panels. Thermally modified (TM) strands displayed enhanced flatness and thinner mat formation, yielding composite panels with significantly increased internal bond (IB) strength. While TM-strands generally exhibited increased stiffness and reduced strength, these differences are mitigated with the production of veneers, LSVL, and CLSVL using these strands. TM-CLSVL surpassed traditional cross-laminated timber (CLT) in shear performance and eliminated rolling shear failures. Mechanical properties aligned with prediction using the shear analogy method (SAM). The introduction of strand-based technology effectively reduced the thickness swelling of TM-CLSVL by 59%, highlighting its potential for yielding dimensionally stable mass timber products from small-diameter timber. This research underscores the potential for producing mass timber panels using TM wood strands to enhance their durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100915"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evacuation design method for deep underground buildings based on occupants' safety","authors":"Jing Li ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Li ,&nbsp;Shuhui Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiping Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Hu ,&nbsp;Changjian Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingliang Li ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Haoyu Tao ,&nbsp;Zhen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safe evacuation is one of the key challenges for underground buildings to greater depth expansion. This study proposes a combined upward and downward evacuation method for deep underground buildings. It compared the combined upward and downward evacuation method and the traditional evacuation method through simulation and evacuation experiments. The combined upward and downward evacuation method includes a safety zone, two evacuation direction change points, and a staggered staircase design. Research found that in the combined upward and downward evacuation method, the total evacuation time is shortest when the evacuation direction change points are set at approximately 6:9:5 of the total building depth from top to bottom, with safety zone and staggered staircase designs implemented. Finally, a novel evacuation design method for deep underground buildings is proposed that is based on prioritizing occupants' safety. This study's results offer efficient evacuation solutions and a novel design method for such deep underground buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100954"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Text semantics to controllable design: A residential layout generation method based on stable diffusion model” [Dev. Built Environ. 23 (2025) 100691]","authors":"Zijin Qiu ,&nbsp;Jiepeng Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Xia ,&nbsp;Hongtuo Qi ,&nbsp;Pengkun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100935","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100935"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When does helping reduce evacuation efficiency? Modeling interaction behaviors and their trade-offs in multi-floor built environments","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Sarah Dunn ,&nbsp;Yaozhi Luo ,&nbsp;Yanbin Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emergencies in multi-floor buildings expose more than architectural bottlenecks; they reveal the trade-offs embedded in human behavior. This study presents an agent-based model that simulates queuing, overtaking, competitive and helping behaviors, and the negative effects of physical interaction (e.g., falling, trampling, tripping and injury) during evacuation. Applied to a virtual four-floor building, 36 simulation experiments reveal four key findings. First, total evacuation time is dominated not by average collective behavior but by the final few agents who move slowly or travel long distances. Second, queuing behavior linked to shared social identity can reduce conflict but slows down 98.6 percent of agents. Third, shared social identity increases crowd stillness time and risk of falling. Finally, helping behaviors, especially toward elderly agents, may significantly delay evacuation when combined with spatial disadvantage. These results highlight a critical tension between social cohesion and systemic efficiency, suggesting the need for behavior-aware evacuation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of silica fume in the microstructure and mechanical properties of calcium hydroxide (CH)-activated cementless concrete","authors":"Se-Hee Hong ,&nbsp;Taekgeun Oh ,&nbsp;Doo-Yeol Yoo ,&nbsp;Gi-Joon Park ,&nbsp;Namkon Lee ,&nbsp;Jung-Jun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a major source of embodied CO₂ in concrete, while sodium-activated cementless systems often suffer from rapid setting that limits constructability. To address these issues, this study investigates calcium hydroxide (CH)-activated cementless concrete, examining the role of silica fume and curing regime in governing microstructure and mechanical performance. OPC was fully replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), with CH fixed at 7 wt% and silica fume incorporated at 0–30 wt%. CH activation effectively mitigated rapid setting, with initial setting times of 16.0–26.2 h. Steam curing accelerated alkali activation and CH consumption, while silica fume enhanced microstructural refinement through combined filler and pozzolanic effects. Under steam curing, strength and energy absorption increased progressively with silica fume content. Despite a slight rise in total cost, normalized cost and material-based CO₂ emissions decreased, indicating the potential of this CH-activated system as a low-carbon alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A knowledge distillation framework for multi-signal-to-noise ratio speech enhancement in construction environments","authors":"Jiajing Liu ,&nbsp;Jianxin Wu ,&nbsp;Hanbin Luo ,&nbsp;Przemyslaw Sekula","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction noise severely disrupts mission-critical communications on construction sites, significantly hindering operational efficiency and safety. However, existing speech enhancement methods fail to address two domain-specific challenges: processing speech under extreme signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) volatility, and overcoming mission-critical dataset scarcity constraints due to hazardous on-site conditions. To tackle these issues, this paper proposes an SNR-aware knowledge distillation framework tailored for construction environments. The framework trains specialized teacher models on SNR-segmented datasets, enabling a student model to learn multi-range denoising strategies through knowledge distillation. Additionally, a two-stage training strategy with domain-adaptive generalization is proposed to reduce dependence on diverse construction-domain samples, while a dynamic weight mechanism is designed to mitigate cross-domain shift. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves average improvements of 0.01 in perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) and 0.23 in scale-invariant signal-to-noise ratio (SI-SNR) metrics compared to a non-distilled variant of the framework. This approach enables specialized acoustic applications for construction communication devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhancement mechanism of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) blended with seawater","authors":"Menghuan Guo,&nbsp;Xiaohan Zhang,&nbsp;Ruyin Zhang,&nbsp;Yingwu Zhou,&nbsp;Chen Zhang,&nbsp;Junhao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the hydration mechanism and microstructural evolution of limestone calcined clay cement (LC³) prepared with seawater. Results demonstrate that seawater significantly enhances compressive strength across all curing ages. At 28 days, seawater-based mixtures containing 35% and 50% LC³ exhibited strength increases of 32% and 17%, respectively, compared to deionized-water references. Mechanistic analyses reveal that seawater effectively activates the pozzolanic reaction and accelerates calcium hydroxide consumption, promoting additional C-A-S-H gel formation. Notably, in the 35% LC³ paste, seawater increased the calcium carbonate reaction degree by 115%. The resulting carboaluminate phases further react with chloride ions to form Friedel's salt, which fills pores and contributes to strength development. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of LC³ and seawater refines the pore structure by reducing the critical pore entry radius. This microstructural densification endows the binder with excellent resistance to gas and water transport, highlighting the potential for seawater-mixed LC³ in sustainable constructiont.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-fire mechanical performance and sustainability assessment of geopolymer concrete incorporating recycled road aggregate","authors":"Balamurali Kanagaraj ,&nbsp;T. Stany ,&nbsp;N. Anand ,&nbsp;Eva Lubloy ,&nbsp;Mathew Kalayil Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing depletion of natural aggregates and the environmental impact of construction waste have encouraged the development of sustainable alternatives in concrete production. This study investigates the feasibility of using recycled road aggregate (RRA) as a partial replacement for natural coarse aggregate in geopolymer concrete (GPC). The novelty of this work lies in the integrated evaluation of mechanical properties, microstructural behavior, fire resistance under the ISO 834 heating curve, and sustainability indicators, including cost, embodied carbon and energy consumption. RRA was incorporated at replacement levels ranging from 10% to 50% of natural aggregates. The physical and mechanical properties, including density, porosity, and compressive strength, were evaluated, followed by durability assessment under elevated temperature exposure. The 28-day compressive strength of the controlled mix is 26 MPa, while mixes with RRA exhibited only a marginal reduction, reaching 24 MPa at 50% replacement (∼5 to 6% decrease). Density remained relatively stable within 2202 to 2316 kg/m³, and porosity varied between 2.7% and 5.1%, representing minimal influence of RRA on internal structure. After exposure to elevated temperature, residual compressive strength decreased significantly, especially after 1029 °C. The residual strength of the controlled mix was 18 MPa, and the mix with 50% RRA showed a residual strength of 5.8 MPa, which indicates a maximum strength loss of 75.5%. Mass loss ranged from 4.3% to 5.5% after 1 h and 6.2% to 7.5% after 2 h of heating, with higher losses attributed to moisture evaporation and degradation of the bituminous coating on RRA. Despite thermal degradation effects, mixes with up to 30% RRA showed comparable performance to conventional concrete under ambient conditions. Sustainability assessment showed that the 50% RRA mix achieved a reduction in embodied energy to 37.8 MJ/m³ with negligible variation in cost. Overall, the results suggest that RRA can be considered a viable partial replacement for natural aggregate in GPC, offering environmental and economic benefits while maintaining acceptable engineering performance when used within appropriate replacement levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100950"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration and evaluation of a 3D LiDAR SLAM system for construction robots in large-scale public building sites","authors":"Chunyong Feng ,&nbsp;Junqi Yu ,&nbsp;Wei Quan ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Jugang Guo ,&nbsp;Yisheng Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenping Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is crucial for achieving autonomous construction. This paper presents a 3D LiDAR-based SLAM system specifically integrated and optimized for construction robots operating in large-scale public building construction sites. Rather than introducing new algorithms, the proposed system integrates and optimizes existing modules within a unified system framework, including two-stage ground segmentation, Fast Euclidean Clustering (FEC) for dynamic-object suppression, two-step point cloud registration for odometry, and Scan Context++ for global pose optimization. The system design leverages the ground characteristics of building floors and addresses dynamic, unstructured, and repetitive spatial structures commonly found in building construction site environments. Both simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate that the proposed system achieves higher accuracy and robustness than benchmark SLAM methods while maintaining real-time performance on embedded hardware, confirming its effectiveness for autonomous construction applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100913"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}